Therapy of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A patient-based approach based on the ten rules of "The Tarragona Strategy"

Intensive Care Medicine

Volumn 29, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 876-883

  Sandiumenge, Alberto ^a   Diaz, Emili ^a   Bodí, Maria ^a   Rello, Jordi ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI JOAN XXIII   (Spain)

Author keywords

De escalation; Empirical treatment; Etiology; Nosocomial pneumonia; Ventilator associated pneumonia

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR; CARBAPENEM DERIVATIVE; CIPROFLOXACIN; PIPERACILLIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; CANDIDA; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; COMORBIDITY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG PENETRATION; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; PATIENT CARE; PNEUMONIA; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; RECURRENT INFECTION; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT PLANNING; VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA;

EID: 0037773383     PISSN: 03424642     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-003-1715-1     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Vincent J-L, Bihari DJ, Suter PM, Bruining HA, White J, Nicolas-Chanoin MH, Wolff M, Spencer RC, Hemmer M (1995) The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. J Am Med Assoc 247:639-644
2. Heyland DK, Cook DJ, Griffith L, Keenan S, Brun-Buisson C (1999) The attributable morbidity and mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critically ill patient. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:1249-1256
3. Kollef MH, Ward S (1998) The influence of mini-BAL cultures on patients outcomes: implications for the antibiotic management of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 113:412-420
4. Alvarez-Lerma F, and the ICU Acquired Pneumonia Study Group (1996) Modification of empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 22:387-394
5. Rello J, Gallego M, Mariscal D, Soñora R, Valles J (1997) The value of routine microbiogical investigation in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156:196-200
6. Luna CM, Vujacich P, Niederman MS, Vay C, Gherardi C, Matera J, Jolly EC (1997) Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 111:676-685
7. Rello J, Ollendorf D, Vera-Llonch M, Bellm L, Redman R, Oster G, Kollef M, and VAP Outcomes Scientfific Advisory Group (2002) Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in a large U. S. database. Chest 122:2115-2121
8. American Thoracic Society (1995) Hospital acquired pneumonia in adults: diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy and preventative strategies Am J Resp Crit Care Med 153:1711-1725
9. Trouillet JL, Chastre J, Vuagnat A, Joly-Guillou ML, Combaux D, Dombret MC, Gibert C (1998) Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by potentially drug-resistant bacteria. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 157:531-539
10. Rello J, Sa-Borges M, Correa H, Leal SR, Baraibar J (1999) Variations in aetiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia across four treatment sites. Implications for antimicrobial prescribing practices. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:608-613
11. Bodi M, Ardanuy C, Olona M, Castander D, Diaz E, Rello J (2001) Therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia: the Tarragona strategy. Clin Microbiol Infect 7:32-33
12. Gallego M, Rello J (1999) Diagnostic testing for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 20:671-679
13. Rello J, Paiva JA, Baraibar J, Barcenilla F, Bodi M, Castander D, Correa H, Diaz E, Garnacho J, Llorio M, Rios M, Rodríguez A, Solé-Violán J (2001) International Conference for the development of consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 120:955-970
14. Chastre J, Fagon JY (2002) Ventilator associated-pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:867-903
15. Iregui M, Ward S, Sherman C, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH (2002) Clinical importance of delays in the initiation of appropriate antibiotic treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 122:262-268
16. Valles J, Rello J, Fernández R (1994) Role of brochoalveorar lavage in mechanically ventilated patiets with suspected pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infec Dis 13:549-558
17. Niederman MS, Torres A, Summer W (1994) Invasive diagnostic testing is not needed routinely to manage suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:565-569
18. Chastre J, Fagon JY (1994) Invasive diagnostic testing should be routinely used to manage ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:570-574
19. Mariscal D, Valles J, Rello J (2001) Value of direct examination of protected specimen brush (PBS) in intubated patients with suspected pneumonia (Abstract). Clin Microbiol Infect 7 (Suppl): P1062
20. Rello J, Mariscal D, Gallego M, Valles J (2002) Effect of enriched thioglycolate on direct examination of respiratory samples and guiding initial empiric therapy in intubated patients with pneumonia: a prospective, randomised study. Crit Care Med 30:311-314
21. Sánchez-Nieto JM, Torres A, García-Córdoba M, El-Ebiary M, Carrillo A, Ruiz J, Nún⋊ez ML, Niederman M (1997) Impact of invasive and non-invasive quantitative culture sampling on outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a pilot study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:371-376
22. Perry TR, Schentag JJ (2001) Clinical use of ceftriaxone. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic presepective on the impact of minimum inhibitory concentration and serum protein binding. Clin Pharmacokinet 40:685-694
23. Schentag JJ, Gilliland KK, Paladino JA (2001) What have we learned from pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic theories. Clin Infect Dis 32:S39-S46
24. Bodi M, Diaz E, Rello J (2000) Appropriate antibiotic treatment for pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 31:1313-1314
25. Wysocki M, Thomas F, Wolff MA, Pean Y, Ravaud Y, Herman B (1995) Comparison of continuous with discontinuous intravenous infusion of vancomycin in severe MRSA infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 35:352-354
26. James JK, Palmer SM, Levine DP, Ribak MJ (1996) Comparison of conventional dosing versus continuous-infusion vancomycin therapy for patients with suspected or documented Gram-positive infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40:696-700
27. Singh N, Rogers P, Atwood CW, Wagener MM, Yu VL (2000) Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit. A proposed solution for indiscriminate antibiotic prescription. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:505-511
28. Rello J, Ausina V, Ricart M, Puzo C, Quintana E, Net A, Prats G (1994) Risk factors for infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 20:193-198
29. Rello J, Mariscal D, March F, Jubert P, Sanchez F, Valles J, Coll P (1998) Recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in ventilated patients. Relapse or reinfection? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:912-916
30. Rello J, Ausina V, Ricart M, Castella J, Prats G (1993) Impact of previous antimicrobial therapy on the aetiology and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 104:1230-1235
31. Rello J, Diaz E, Roque M, Valles J (1999) Risk factors for developing pneumonia within 48 h of Intubation. Am J Respit Crit Care Med 159:1742-1746
32. Rello J, Sonora R, Jubert P, Artigas A, Rue M, Valles J (1999) Pneumonia in intubated patients: role of respiratory airway care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154:111-115
33. Shorr A, Kollef M (2002) The quick and the dead. The importance of rapid evaluation of infiltrates in the immunocompromised patient. Chest 122:9-12
34. Raño A, Agustí C, Benito N, Rovira M, Angrill J, Pumarda T, Torres A (2002) Prognostic factors in non-HIV immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infiltrates. Chest 122:253-261
35. Torres A, Ewig S, Insausti J, Guerque J, Xaubet A, Mas A, Salmeron J (2000) Etiology and microbial patterns of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with orthotopic liver transplantation. Chest 117:494-502
36. Rello J, Torres A (1996) Microbial causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Semin Respir Infect 11:24-31
37. Rello J, Ausina V, Castella J, Net A, Prats G (1992) Nosocomial respiratory tract infections in multiple trauma patients: influence of level of consciousnesss with implications for therapy. Chest 102:525-529
38. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Domart Y (1996) Mortality due to ventilator-associated pneumonia or colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter species: assessment by quantitative culture of samples obtained by a protected specimen brush. Clin Infect Dis 23:538-542
39. Rello J, Jubert J, Valles J (1996) Evaluation of outcome in intubated patients with pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin Infect Dis 23:973-978
40. Rello J, Torres A, Ricart M, Valles J, Gonzalez J, Artigas A, Rodríguez-Roisin R (1994) Ventilator-associated pneumonia by Staphylococcus aureus. Comparison of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive episodes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:1545-1549
41. Pujol M, Corbella X, Peña C, Pallares R, Dorca J, Verdaguer R, Diaz-Prieto A, Ariza J, Gudiol F (1998) Clinical and epidemiological findings in mechanically ventilated patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus penumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 17:622-628
42. Baraibar J, Correa H, Mariscal D, Gallego M, Valles J, Rello J (1997) Risk factors for infections by Acinetobacter baumannii in intubated patients with nosocomial pneumonia. Chest 112:1050-1054
43. Corbella X, Montero A, Pujol M, Dominguez MA, Ayats J, Argerich MJ, Garrigosa F, Ariza J, Gudiol F (2000) Emergence and rapid spread of carbapenem resistance during a large and sustained hospital outbreak of multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Clin Microbiol 38:4086-4095
44. Rello J, Esandi ME, Diaz E, Mariscal D, Gallego M, Valles J (1998) The role of Candida spp isolated from bronchoscopic samples in nonneutropenic patients. Chest 114:146-149
45. El-Ebiary M, Torres A, Fabregas N (1997) Significance of the isolation of Candida species from respiratory samples in critically ill non-neutropenic patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156:583-590
46. Fagon J, Lavarde V, Novara A (1994) Nosocomial Candida infections of the lower respiratory tract in ICU patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150 (Suppl):A650
47. Marik PE, Careau P (1999) The role of anaerobes in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia. A prospective study. Chest 115:178-183
48. Sieger B, Berman SJ, Geckler RW, Frakas SA (1997) Meropenem Lower Respiratoria Infection Group. Empiric treatment of hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections with meropenem or ceftazidime with tobramycin: a randomised study. Crit Care Med 25:1663-1670
49. Rello J, Diaz E (2001) Optimal use of antibiotics for intubation-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 27:237-239
50. Trouillet JL, Vaugnat A, Combes A, Kassis N, Chastre J, Gibert C (2002) Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia: comparison of episodes due to Piperacillin-resistant versus Piperacillin-susceptible organisms. Clin Infect Dis 34:1047-1054
51. Gonzalez C, Rubio M, Romero-Vivas J, Gonzalez M, Picazo J (1999) Bacteremic pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus: a comparison of disease caused by methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible organism. Clin Infect Dis 29:1171-1177
52. Lamer C, de Beco V, Soler P, Calvat S, Fagon JY, Dombret MC, Farinotti R, Chastre J, Gibert C (1993) Analysis of vancomycin entry into pulmonary lining fluid by bronchoalveolar lavage in critically ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:281-286
53. Bodi M, Ardanuy C, Rello J (2001) Impact of Gram-positive resistance on coutcome of nosocomial pneumonia. Crit Care Med 29 (Suppl):N82-N86
54. Namias N, Samiian L, Nino D, Shirazi E, O'Neill K, Kett D, Ginzburg E, McKenney M, Sheeman D, Cohn S (2000) Incidence and susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria vary between intensive care unit within a single hospital: implications for empiric antibiotic strategies. J Trauma 49:638-646