High-yielding rotaxane synthesis with an anion template

Angewandte Chemie - International Edition

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 383-386

  Hübner, Gosia M ^a   Gläser, Jens ^a   Seel, Christian ^a   Vögtle, Fritz ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Host guest chemistry; Nucleophilic substitutions; Rotaxanes; Supramolecular chemistry; Template synthesis

Indexed keywords

ROTAXANE; TAXANE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; HYDROGEN BOND; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; SYNTHESIS; X RAY ANALYSIS;

EID: 0037747617     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990201)38:3<383::AID-ANIE383>3.0.CO;2-H     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
2. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
3. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
4. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
5. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
6. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
7. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
8. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
9. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413-1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
10. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
11. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
12. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
13. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
14. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
15. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
16. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
17. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406-416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
18. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
19. Reviews: a) G. Schill, Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and Knots, Academic Press, New York, 1971; b) D. B. Amabilino, J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2825; c) H. W. Gibson in Large King Molecules (Ed.: J. A. Semlyen), Wiley, Chichester, 1996, pp. 191-262; d) R. Jäger, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 966-980; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944; e) Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Knots (Ed.: J. P. Sauvage), WILEY-VCH, in press. For recent reports, see M. Born, H. Ritter, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 149-151; D. G. Hamilton, J. K. M. Sanders, J. E. Davies, W. Clegg, S. J. Teat. Chem. Commun. 1997, 897-898; A. Harada, J. Li, M. Kamachi, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1413- 1414; W. Herrmann, M. Schneider, G. Wenz, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2618-2621; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2511-2514; C. Gong, H. W. Gibson, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 323-327; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 310-314; A. G. Kolchinski, N. W. Alcock, R. A. Roesner, D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1437-1438; M. Fujita, M. Aoyagi, F. Ibukuro, K. Ogura, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 611-612; D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, M. S. Deleuze, F. Zerbetto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6458-6467; N. Armaroli, F. Diederich, C. O. Dietrich-Buchecker, L. Flamigni, G. Marconi, J.-F. Nierengarten, J.-P. Sauvage, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 406- 416; P. R. Ashton, M. C. T. Fyfe, M.-V. Martínez-Díaz, S. Menzer, C. Schiavo, J. F. Stoddart, A. J. P. White, D. J. Williams, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 1523-1534; T. Dünnwald, A. H. Parham, F. Vögtle, Synthesis 1998, 3, 339-348.
20. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
21. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
22. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
23. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
24. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
25. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
26. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
27. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
28. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
29. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
30. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
31. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
32. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
33. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
34. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
35. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
36. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García- España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
37. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew.
38. W. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calbrese, R. L. Harlow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7707-7718; P. J. Smith, M. V Reddington, C. S. Wilcox, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 6085-6088; B. C. Hamann, N. R. Branda, J. Rebek, Jr., Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6837-6840; E. Fan, S. A. Van Arman, S. Kincaid, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 369-370; P. B. Savage, S. K. Holmgren, S. H. Gelliman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4069-4070; T. R. Kelly, M. H. Kirn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7072-7080; H. Ishida, M. Suga, K. Donowaki, K. Ohkubo, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5374-5375; J. Scheerder, J. E. J. Engberson, A. Casnati, R. Ungaro, D. N. Reinhoudt, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6448-6454; C. Raposo, N. Pérez, M. Almaraz, L. Mussons, C. Caballero, J. R. Móran, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3255-3258; S. Nishizawa, P. Buhlmann, M. Iwao, Y. Umezawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6483-6486; A. P. Davis, J. F. Gilmer, J. J. Perry, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1410-1413; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1312-1315; N. A. McDonald, E. M. Duffy, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5104-5111. See also M. J. Deetz, B. D. Smith, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 6841-6844. For other neutral receptors based on Lewis acids and recent general reviews, see B. Dietrich, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1457-1464; C. Seel, J. de Mendoza in Comprehensive Supramoleculur Chemistry, Vol. 2 (Eds.: J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vögtle), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996, pp. 519-552; K. T. Holman, J. L. Atwood, J. W. Steed in Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol 4 (Ed.: G. W. Gokel), JAI. London, 1997, pp. 287-330; F. P. Schmidtchen, M. Berger. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1609-1646; The Supramolecular Chemistry of Anions (Eds.: A. Bianchi, K. Bowman-James, E. García-España), Wiley, Chichester, 1997.
39. S. Ottens-Hildebrandt, S. Meier, M. Nieger, F. Vögtle, E. Weber, Supramol. Chem. 1995, 5, 133-138; F. Vögtle, T. Dünnwald, T. Schmidt, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460; S. Braschohs, thesis, University of Bonn, 1998. In catenanes derived from these lactams. however, one amide group of each ring is inverted and the carbonyl points inwards to provide additional hydrogen bonds: S. Ottens- Hildebrandt, M. Nieger, K. Rissanen, J. Rouvinen, S. Meier, G. Harder, F. Vögtle, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 777-778; H. Adams, F. J. Carver, C. A. Hunter, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 809-810. A rotaxane was reported where one amide bond also seems to be inverted: D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, A. M. Z. Slawin. Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 752-756; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 752-756.
40. S. Ottens-Hildebrandt, S. Meier, M. Nieger, F. Vögtle, E. Weber, Supramol. Chem. 1995, 5, 133-138; F. Vögtle, T. Dünnwald, T. Schmidt, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460; S. Braschohs, thesis, University of Bonn, 1998. In catenanes derived from these lactams. however, one amide group of each ring is inverted and the carbonyl points inwards to provide additional hydrogen bonds: S. Ottens- Hildebrandt, M. Nieger, K. Rissanen, J. Rouvinen, S. Meier, G. Harder, F. Vögtle, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 777-778; H. Adams, F. J. Carver, C. A. Hunter, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 809-810. A rotaxane was reported where one amide bond also seems to be inverted: D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, A. M. Z. Slawin. Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 752-756; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 752-756.
41. S. Ottens-Hildebrandt, S. Meier, M. Nieger, F. Vögtle, E. Weber, Supramol. Chem. 1995, 5, 133-138; F. Vögtle, T. Dünnwald, T. Schmidt, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460; S. Braschohs, thesis, University of Bonn, 1998. In catenanes derived from these lactams. however, one amide group of each ring is inverted and the carbonyl points inwards to provide additional hydrogen bonds: S. Ottens- Hildebrandt, M. Nieger, K. Rissanen, J. Rouvinen, S. Meier, G. Harder, F. Vögtle, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 777-778; H. Adams, F. J. Carver, C. A. Hunter, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 809-810. A rotaxane was reported where one amide bond also seems to be inverted: D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, A. M. Z. Slawin. Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 752-756; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 752-756.
42. S. Ottens-Hildebrandt, S. Meier, M. Nieger, F. Vögtle, E. Weber, Supramol. Chem. 1995, 5, 133-138; F. Vögtle, T. Dünnwald, T. Schmidt, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460; S. Braschohs, thesis, University of Bonn, 1998. In catenanes derived from these lactams. however, one amide group of each ring is inverted and the carbonyl points inwards to provide additional hydrogen bonds: S. Ottens-Hildebrandt, M. Nieger, K. Rissanen, J. Rouvinen, S. Meier, G. Harder, F. Vögtle, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 777-778; H. Adams, F. J. Carver, C. A. Hunter, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 809-810. A rotaxane was reported where one amide bond also seems to be inverted: D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, A. M. Z. Slawin. Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 752-756; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 752-756.
43. S. Ottens-Hildebrandt, S. Meier, M. Nieger, F. Vögtle, E. Weber, Supramol. Chem. 1995, 5, 133-138; F. Vögtle, T. Dünnwald, T. Schmidt, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460; S. Braschohs, thesis, University of Bonn, 1998. In catenanes derived from these lactams. however, one amide group of each ring is inverted and the carbonyl points inwards to provide additional hydrogen bonds: S. Ottens- Hildebrandt, M. Nieger, K. Rissanen, J. Rouvinen, S. Meier, G. Harder, F. Vögtle, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 777-778; H. Adams, F. J. Carver, C. A. Hunter, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 809-810. A rotaxane was reported where one amide bond also seems to be inverted: D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, A. M. Z. Slawin. Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 752-756; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 752-756.
44. S. Ottens-Hildebrandt, S. Meier, M. Nieger, F. Vögtle, E. Weber, Supramol. Chem. 1995, 5, 133-138; F. Vögtle, T. Dünnwald, T. Schmidt, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460; S. Braschohs, thesis, University of Bonn, 1998. In catenanes derived from these lactams. however, one amide group of each ring is inverted and the carbonyl points inwards to provide additional hydrogen bonds: S. Ottens- Hildebrandt, M. Nieger, K. Rissanen, J. Rouvinen, S. Meier, G. Harder, F. Vögtle, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 777-778; H. Adams, F. J. Carver, C. A. Hunter, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 809-810. A rotaxane was reported where one amide bond also seems to be inverted: D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, A. M. Z. Slawin. Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 752-756; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 752-756.
45. S. Ottens-Hildebrandt, S. Meier, M. Nieger, F. Vögtle, E. Weber, Supramol. Chem. 1995, 5, 133-138; F. Vögtle, T. Dünnwald, T. Schmidt, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460; S. Braschohs, thesis, University of Bonn, 1998. In catenanes derived from these lactams. however, one amide group of each ring is inverted and the carbonyl points inwards to provide additional hydrogen bonds: S. Ottens- Hildebrandt, M. Nieger, K. Rissanen, J. Rouvinen, S. Meier, G. Harder, F. Vögtle, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 777-778; H. Adams, F. J. Carver, C. A. Hunter, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 809-810. A rotaxane was reported where one amide bond also seems to be inverted: D. A. Leigh, A. Murphy, J. P. Smart, A. M. Z. Slawin. Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 752-756; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 752-756.
46. F. Vögtle, M. Händel, S. Meier, S. Ottens-Hildebrandt, F. Ott, T. Schmidt, Liebigs Ann. 1995, 739-743.
47. C. Seel, F. Vögtle, unpublished results. Quinone binding by a tetralactam of this type: C. A. Hunter, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1991, 749-751; C. A. Hunter, R. J. Shannon, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1996, 1361-1362.
48. C. Seel, F. Vögtle, unpublished results. Quinone binding by a tetralactam of this type: C. A. Hunter, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1991, 749-751; C. A. Hunter, R. J. Shannon, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1996, 1361-1362.
49. C. Seel, F. Vögtle, unpublished results. Quinone binding by a tetralactam of this type: C. A. Hunter, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1991, 749-751; C. A. Hunter, R. J. Shannon, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1996, 1361-1362.
50. Rotaxanes are molecular compounds that consist of one or more wheels and penetrating axles that are mechanically bound together and sterically prevented from dethreading by bulky stopper groups at both ends of the axles. Semirotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes are analogous "conventional" inclusion complexes that are not restrained mechanically from dissociation since the axles (here semi- and pseudoaxles, respectively) carry only one stopper or no stopper at all, respectively. We propose semi- and pseudorotaxanes that act as precursors in rotaxane syntheses to be called prerotaxanes. Compare with P. R. Ashton, D. Philp, N. Spencer, J. F. Stoddart, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1991, 1677-1679.
51. - and Br ions in the presence of tetrabutylammonium ions from an aqueous into an organic phase and maintain a clean 1:1 stoichiometry. The phase transfer of oxoanions is currently under investigation: H. Stephan. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, personal communication.
52. M. T. Blanda, J. H. Horner, M. Newcomb, J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 4626-4636.
53. a, the average of which is given for each anion. See C. S. Wilcox in Frontiers in Supramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry (Eds.: H.-J. Schneider, H. Dürr), VCH, Weinheim, 1991, pp. 123-143. and references therein.
54. 1. that is, similar to the inorganic anions. Thiophenol, toluene-4-sulfonamide, and N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-tert-butylphenylsulfonamide behave in a similar way.
55. H. Steinberg, D.J. Cram, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 5388-5391.
56. 2, hence we assume that the semirotaxanes formed with monoether 4 are not stable and thus do not act as prerotaxanes.
57. 3 as the hase.
58. 2 0.53 (0.48), p-xylylene 0.72 (the signal at lower field is overlapped in the free axle here) (0.79 and 0.80), oxophenyl H-2/60.37 (0.33): wheel: isophthaloyl H-2 0.46 and 0.48 (0.34 and 0.41).
59. Deslipping had earlier been observed with similar rotaxanes: M. Händel, M. Plevoets, S. Gestermann, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 1248-1250; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 36, 1199-1201. Newer results reveal the process being of first order: F. Vögtle, A. Affeld, C. Heim, unpublished results.
60. Deslipping had earlier been observed with similar rotaxanes: M. Händel, M. Plevoets, S. Gestermann, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 1248-1250; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 36, 1199-1201. Newer results reveal the process being of first order: F. Vögtle, A. Affeld, C. Heim, unpublished results.
61. Deslipping had earlier been observed with similar rotaxanes: M. Händel, M. Plevoets, S. Gestermann, F. Vögtle, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 1248-1250; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 36, 1199-1201. Newer results reveal the process being of first order: F. Vögtle, A. Affeld, C. Heim, unpublished results.
62. The new method has already been applied successfully to the synthesis of analogous rotaxanes with ester, thioester, sulfide, and acetal axles since the submission of this communication.