Discrete element simulation of transverse cracking during the pyrolysis of carbon fibre reinforced plastics to carbon/carbon composites

Computational Materials Science

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 1-15

  Wittel, Falk K ^a   Schulte Fischedick, Jan ^b   Kun, Ferenc ^c   Kröplin, Bernd H ^a   Frieß, Martin ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART   (Germany)

^b GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN   (Hungary)

Author keywords

Composite material; Discrete element model; Numerical simulation; Pyrolysis; Thermal degradation

Indexed keywords

CARBON CARBON COMPOSITES; CARBONIZATION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD; FRACTURE MECHANICS; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MORPHOLOGY; POROSITY; PYROLYSIS;

CRACK DENSITY;

CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS;

EID: 0037681735     PISSN: 09270256     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0927-0256(03)00035-1     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. F. Ansorge, Untersuchungen zum Versagensverhalten von flüssigsilizierter C/SiC Faserkeramik, Technical Report 179, Fortschrittsbericht VDI 18, 1995.
2. W. Krenkel, From polymer to ceramics: low cost manufacturing of CMC materials, in: Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Frontiers of Polymer and Adv. Mat. (ICFPAM-5), 1999.
3. W. Krenkel, N. Lützenburger, Near net shape manufacture of CMC components, in: T. Massard (Ed.), Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Comp. Mat. (ICCM-12), 1999.
4. J. Schulte-Fischedick, M. Frieß, W. Krenkel, R. Kochendörfer, M. König, Crack microstructure during the carbonization of carbon fibre reinforced plastics to carbon/carbon composites, in: Proc. Int. Conf. on Comp. Mat. (ICCM) 12, 1999.
5. F.H. Gern, Interaction between capillary flow and macroscopic silicon concentration in liquid siliconized carbon/carbon, in: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. High Temp. Ceram. Matrix Comp. (HTCMC-2), 1995.
6. W. Krenkel, J. Fabig, Mikrostruktur und Eigenschaften von C/C-SiC Werkstoffen, in: Proc. Werkstoffwoche '96, 1996.
7. Schulte-Fischedick J., Zern A., Mayer J., Rühle M., Frieß M., Krenkel W., Kochendörfer R. The morphology of silicon carbide in C/C-SiC composites. Journal of Material Science and Engineering A. 332:2002;146-152.
8. J. Schulte-Fischedick, M. Frieß, W. Krenkel, R. Kochendörfer, B. Thielicke, The interlaminar shear strength of C/C-SiC, in: W. Krenkel, R. Naslain, H. Schneider (Eds.), High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites - Proc. 4th Int. Conf. High Temp. Ceram. Matrix Comp., 2001.
9. Weihe S., König M., Kröplin B. A treatment of mixed mode fracture in debonding. Composites and Material Science. 3:1994;254-262.
10. S. Weihe, B. Kröplin, An interface formulation for the micromechanical simulation of fiber-matrix debonding in composites, in: European Forum of Young Researchers: From Microscopic to Macroscopic, 1993, pp. 217-222.
11. Asp L.E., Berglund L.A., Talreja R. Prediction of matrix-initiated transverse failure in polymer composites. Composite Science Technology. 56:1996;1089-1097.
12. S. Weihe, B. Kröplin, Micromechanical simulation of the initiation of a delamination, in: Paris Eyrolles (Ed.), MECAMAT'93: Micromechanics of Materials, 1993, pp. 485-498.
13. Zhu H., Achenbach J.D. Radial matrix cracking and interphase failure in transverse loaded fiber composites. Mechanics of Materials. 11:1991;347-356.
14. Lebon B., Baxevanakisnad C., Jeulin D., Renard J. Fracture statistics of a composite laminate. Composites Science and Technology. 58:1998;765-771.
15. F.K. Wittel, F. Kun, B.H. Kroeplin, H.J. Herrmann, A Study of Transverse Ply Cracking using a Discrete Element Method, arXiv:cond-mat/0109231 v1 13 Sep 2001.
16. Curtin W.A., Scher H. Brittle fracture in disordered materials: A spring network model. Journal of Material Research. 5(3):1990;535-553.
17. Schlangen E., Garboczi E.J. New method for simulating fracture using an elastically uniform random geometry lattice. International Journal of Engineering Science. 34(10):1996;1131-1144.
18. Schlangen E., Garboczi E.J. Fracture simulations of concrete using lattice models: computational aspects. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 57(2/3):1997;319-332.
19. Trick K.A., Saliba T.E. A kinetic model of the pyrolysis of phenolic resin in a carbon/phenolic composite. Carbon. 35(3):1997;393-401.
20. Trick K.A., Saliba T.E. Mechanisms of the pyrolysis of phenolic resin in a carbon/phenolic composite. Carbon. 33(11):1995;1509-1515.
21. Nam J.-D., Seferis J.C. Initial polymer degradation as a process in the manufacture of carbon-carbon composites. Carbon. 30(5):1992;751-761.
22. Wang C.J. The effects of resin thermal degradation on thermostructural response of carbon-phenolic composites and the manuacturing process of carbon-carbon composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 15:1996;1011-1026.
23. Andersons J., Handge U.A., Sokolov I.M., Bunde A. Analysis of brittle coating fragmentation under uniaxial tension for weibull strength distributions. The European Physics Journal B. 17(2):2000;261-268.
24. Handge U.A., Leterrier Y., Rochat G., Sokolov I.M., Blumen A. Two scaling domains in multiple cracking phenomena. Physical Review E. 62(6):2000;7807-7810.
25. Handge U.A., Sokolov I.M., Blumen A. Universal scaling and nonlinearity in surface layer fragmentation. Physical Review E. 61(3):2000;3216-3219.
26. Handge U.A., Sokolov I.M., Blumen A. Disorder and plasticity in the fragmentation of coatings. Physical Review E. 64:2001;016109:5.
27. DIN 51 056: Bestimmung der Wasseraufnahme und der offenen Porosität, Technical report, DIN 1985.
28. Jenkins G.M., Kawamura K. Polymeric Carbons - Carbon Fibre, Glass and Char. 1976;Cambridge University Press.
29. Lüdenbach G., Peters P.W.M., Ekenhorst D., Müller B.R. The properties and structure of the carbon fibre in carbon/carbon produced on the basis of carbon fibre reinforced phenolic resin. Journal European Ceramic Society. 18:1998;1531-1538.
30. Patrick J.W., Walker A. The characterization of cracks and voids in two dimensional carbon-carbon composites. Carbon. 31(1):1993;103-108.
31. Nam J.-D., Seferis J.C. Generalized composite degradation kinetics for polymeric systems under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. Journal of Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics. 30:1992;455-463.
32. Sjoegren B.A., Berglund L.A. The effects of matrix and interface on damage in GRP crossply laminates. Composites Science and Technology. 60:2000;9-21.
33. Allen M.P., Tildesley D.J. Computer Simulation of Liquids. 1987;Clarendon Press, Oxford.
34. Herrmann H.J., Roux S. Statistical Models for the Fracture of Disordered Media. 1990;Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
35. Herrmann H.J., Hovi J.-P., Luding S. Physics of Dry Granular Media. 1998;Kluwer Academic Pubischers.
36. Eckenhorst D., Müller B.R., Brzezinka K.-W., Hentschel M.P. Faserinduziertes versagen von CFC-Werkstoffen. Heinrich S., Ziegler G., Hermel W., Riedel H. Werkstoffwoche. vol. 7:1998;619-624 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
37. Nairn J.A. Matrix microcracking in composites. Comprehensive Composite Materials. vol. 2:2000;Elsevier Science. (Chapter 2.12).
38. Hashin Z. Analysis of cracked laminates: a variational approach. Mechanics of Materials. 5:1985;121-136.