The effects of resin thermal degradation on thermostructural response of carbon-phenolic composites and the manufacturing process of carbon-carbon composites

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

Volumn 15, Issue 10, 1996, Pages 1011-1026

  Wang, C Jeff ^a  

^a TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON CARBON COMPOSITES; CRACK INITIATION; EXPERT SYSTEMS; FRACTURE; HEATING; MANUFACTURE; MATERIALS TESTING; PHENOLIC RESINS; PYROLYSIS; SHRINKAGE; THERMAL EFFECTS; THERMAL EXPANSION;

COMPOSITE EXPANSION; FRACTURE MECHANISM; GAS PERMEATION; HEATING ENVIRONMENT; MICROMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; OPTIMUM FIBER RESIN FIBER INTERACTIONS; RESTRAINED THERMAL GROWTH TESTING; THERMOSTRUCTURAL RESPONSE;

CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS;

EID: 0030270770     PISSN: 07316844     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/073168449601501003     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Knop, A. and L. A. Pilato. 1985. Phenolic Resins: Chemistry, Applications and Performance, Springer-Verlag.
2. Turi, E. A. 1981. Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials, Academic Press, Chap. 5.
3. Strong, A. B. 1989. Fundamentals of Composites Manufacturing: Materials, Methods, and Applications, Society of Manufacturing Engineering.
4. Fitzer, E. 1987. "The Future of Carbon-Carbon Composites," Carbon, 25:163.
5. Rellick, G. 1990. "Densification Efficiency of Carbon-Carbon Composites," Carbon, 25:589.
6. Aglan, H. A. 1993. "The Effect of Intermediate Graphitization on the Mechanical and Fracture Behavior of 2-D C/C Composites," Carbon, 31:1121.
7. Manocha, L. M., E. Yasuda, Y. Tanabe and S. Kimura. 1988. "Effect of Carbon Fiber Surface-Treatment on Mechanical Properties of C/C Composites," Carbon, 26:333.
8. McManus, H. L. N. and G. S. Springer. 1992. "High Temperature Thermomechanical Behavior of Carbon-Phenolic and Carbon-Carbon Composites," J. Comp. Mat., 26:206.
9. Sullivan, R. M. 1993. "A Coupled Solution Method for Predicting the Thermostructural Response of Decomposing, Expanding Polymeric Composites," J. Comp. Mat., 27:408.
10. Tant, M. R. and J. B. Henderson. 1990. "Thermochemical Expansion of Polymer Composites," Handbook of Ceramics and Composites, Vol. 1, Chap. 13.
11. Wang, C. J. 1992. "Thermostructural Responses of Carbon Phenolics in a Restrained Thermal Growth Test," NASA CR-184505, LIV.
12. Wang, C. J. 1994. "An Overview of the Processing and Properties Characteristics of Decomposing Phenolic Resins for Ablative Composites," New Orleans, LA: ICCE/1, p. 549.
13. Nam, J.-D. and J. C. Seferis. 1992. "Initial Polymer Degradation as a Process in the Manufacturing of Carbon-Carbon Composites, Carbon, 30:751.
14. Gao, F., J. W. Patrick and A. Walker. 1993. "The Characterisation of Cracks and Voids in Two-Dimensional Carbon-Carbon Composites," Carbon, 31:103.
15. Jortner, J. 1992. "Microstructure of Cloth-Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Laminates" Carbon, 30:163.
16. Jortner, J. 1986. "Macroporosity and Interface Cracking in Multi-Directional Carbon-Carbons," Carbon, 24:603.
17. Christiansen, A. W. and L. Gollob. 1985. "Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resols," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 30:2279.
18. Moroni, A., J. Mijovic, E. Pearce and C. C. Foun. 1986. "Cure Kinetics of Epoxy Resins and Aromatic Diammes," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 32:3761.
19. Sojka, S. A., R. A. Wolfe and G. D. Guenther. 1981. "Formation of Phenolic Resins: Mechanism and Time Dependence of the Reaction of Phenol and Hexamethylenetetramine As Studied by Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy," Macromolecules, 14:1539.
20. Sullivan, R. M. and N. J. Salamon. 1992. "A Finite Method for the Thermochemical Decomposition of Polymeric Materials - II. Carbon Phenolic Composites," Int. J. Engng Sci., 30:939.
21. Fitzer, E. and B. Terwiesch. 1972. "Carbon-Carbon Composites Unidirectionally Reinforced with Carbon and Graphite Fibers," Carbon, 10:383.
22. Sastri, S. B., J. P. Armisyead and T. M. Keller. 1993. "Carbonization of High-Temperature Resins," Carbon, 31:617.
23. Sykes, G. F. Jr. 1988. "Decomposition Characteristics of a Char-forming Phenolic Polymer Used for Ablative Composites, NASA TN D-381.
24. Markovic, V. and S. Marinkovic. 1980. "A Study of Pyrolysis of Phenolic Resin Reinforced with Carbon Fibres and Oxidized PAN Fibres," Carbon, 18:329.
25. Lum, R., C. W. Wilkins, M. Robbins, A. M. Lyons and R. P. Jones. 1983. "Thermal Analysis of Graphite and Carbon-Phenolic Composites by Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry," Carbon, 21:111.
26. Fitzer, E , K.-H. Geigl and W. Huttner. 1980. "The Influence of Carbon-Fiber Surface Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon/Carbon Composites," Carbon, 18:265.
27. Crose, J. G., T. L. Kuhlmann and J. R. Koenig. 1989. "Analysis Driven Testing for Carbon-Phenolic" in JANNAF Rocet Nozzle Technology Subcommittee Meeting, October.
28. Stokes, E. H. and J. R. Koenig. 1988. "The Physical and Mechanical Properties of the FM5055 Billets, Volume II" Southern Research Institute Report No. SRI-EAS-87-1262-6031, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL.
29. Stokes, E. H., J. R. Koenig. 1988. "The Physical and Mechanical Properties of the FM5055 404 SRM Aft Inlet Ring," Southern Research Institute Report No, SRI-EAS-88-045-6032, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL.
30. Stokes, E. H. 1992. "Permeability of Carbonized Rayon-Based Polymeric Composites," ASME Symposium on Computational Mechanics of Porous Solid Materials and Their Thermal Decomposition," Tucson, Arizona.
31. Ahn, K. J., J. C. Seferis, J. O. Perice and A. J. Berg. 1991. "Permeation Measurements Through Prepreg Laminates," SAMPE J. 27(6):19.
32. Nam, J.-D. and J. C. Seferis. 1991. "A Composite Methodology for Multistage Degradation of Polymers," J. Polym. Sci: Polym. Phys., 29:601.
33. Nam, J.-D. and J. C. Seferis. 1992. "Generalized Composite Degradation Kinetics for Polymeric Systems Under Isothermal and Nonisothermal Conditions," J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Pys., 30:455.
34. Kansa, E. J., H. E. Perlee and R. F. Chaiken. 1977. "Mathematical Model of Wood Pyrolysis Including Internal Forced Convection," Combustion and Flame, 29:311.
35. Henderson, J. B. and T. E. Wiecek. 1987. "A Mathematical Model to Predict the Thermal Response of Decomposing Expanding Polymer Composites," J. Mater. Sci., 21:373.
36. Henderson, J. B., J. A. Wiebelt and M. R. Tant. 1985. "A Model for the Thermal Response of Polymer Composite Materials with Experimental Verification" J. Comp. Mater., 19:579.
37. Stokes, E H. 1993."Anomalous Swelling Behavior of FM 5055 Carbon Phenolic Composite," AIAA J., 31:584.
38. Stokes, E. H. 1991. "Equilibrated Moisture Content of Several Carbon Phenolics and Their Relationship to Resin, Fiber, and Interface Properties," AIAA 32nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, April 8-10, Baltimore, MD.
39. Stokes, E. H. 1994. "A Missing Variable in the Analysis of Phenolic Based Composites," ICCE/1, August 28-31, New Orleans, LA, p. 501.
40. Hwang, L.-R. 1991. "Processing-Structure-Property Relationships of Ceramic Fiber Reinforced Si-C-O Matrix Composites," PhD dissertation, Auburn University, AL.
41. "Engineered Materials Handbook, Volume 1: Composites," ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio. 1987.
42. Hunston, D. L., W. D. Bascon, R. J. Moulton and N. J. Johnston. "Matrix Resin Effect in Composite Delamination: Model-I Fracture Aspects," ASTM STP 937D.
43. Russell, A. J. and K. N. Street. "The Effect of Matrix Toughness on Delamination Static and Fatigue Fracture Under Model II Shear Loading of Graphite/Epoxy Composites," ASTM STP 937.
44. Ko, T.-H. and K.-W. Hone. 1992. "Changes in Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Stabilized Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites During Pyrolysis to Carbon/Carbon Composites," SAMPE J, 26(1):17.