Melanin biosynthesis in the fungus Curvularia lunata (teleomorph: Cochliobolus lunatus)

Canadian Journal of Microbiology

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 110-119

  Lanišnik Rižner, Tea ^a   Wheeler, Michael H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA   (Slovenia)

^b AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cochliobolus lunatus; Curvularia lunata; Fungi; Melanin; Trihydroxynaphthalene reductase

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACIDS; DNA; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENES; METABOLITES; PLANTS (BOTANY);

MELANIZATION;

BIOSYNTHESIS;

1,3,8 TRIHYDROXYNAPHTHALENE REDUCTASE; 2 HYDROXYJUGLONE; AMINO ACID; FLAVIOLIN; GENOMIC DNA; MELANIN; NAPHTHALENE DERIVATIVE; NITROGEN; OXIDOREDUCTASE; PROTEIN; PYRROLE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

FUNGUS;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; BIOSYNTHESIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURE MEDIUM; CURVULARIA LUNATA; DNA LIBRARY; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FUNGAL GENE; FUNGUS; FUNGUS GROWTH; GENE EXPRESSION; METABOLITE; MOLECULAR CLONING; NONHUMAN; NORTHERN BLOTTING; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OPEN READING FRAME; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY;

ASCOMYCOTA; BASE SEQUENCE; CLONING, MOLECULAR; FUNGAL PROTEINS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, FUNGAL; GENOMICS; MELANINS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; OXIDOREDUCTASES; OXIDOREDUCTASES ACTING ON CH-CH GROUP DONORS; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID; THIAZOLES;

COCHLIOBOLUS LUNATUS; CURVULARIA; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FUNGI;

EID: 0037679132     PISSN: 00084166     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/w03-016     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Altschul, S.F., Maden, T.L., Schaffer, A.A., Zhang, J., Miller, W., and Lipman, D.J. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 3389-3402.
2. Bell, A.A., and Wheeler, M.H. 1986. Biosynthesis and function of fungal melanins. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 24: 411-451.
3. Bell, A.A., Stipanovic, R.D., and Puhalla, J.E. 1976. Pentaketide metabolites of Verticillium dahliae: identification of (+)scytalone as a natural precursor of melanin. Tetrahedron, 32: 1353-1356.
4. Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitaion of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254.
5. Brakhage, A.A., Langfelder, K., Wanner, G., Schmidt, A., and Jahn, B. 1999. Pigment biosynthesis and virulence. Contrib. Microbiol. 2: 205-215.
6. Brush, L., and Money, N.P. 1999. Invasive hyphal growth of Wangiella dermatitidis is induced by stab inoculation and shows dependence upon melanin biosynthesis. Fungal Genet. Biol. 28: 190-200.
7. Butler, M.J., and Day, A.W. 1998. Fungal melanins: a review. Can. J. Microbiol. 44: 1115-1136.
8. Butler, M.J., and Lachance, M.-A. 1987. Inhibiton of melanin synthesis in the black yeast Phaeococcomyces sp. by growth on low pH ascorbate medium: production of spheroplasts from "albinized" cells. Can. J. Microbiol. 33: 184-187.
9. Butler, M.J., Day, A.W., Henson, J.M., and Money, N.P. 2001. Pathogenic properties of fungal melanins. Mycologia, 93: 1-8.
10. Casadevall, A., Rosas, A.L., and Nosanchuk, J.D. 2000. Melanin and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 3: 354-358.
11. Eagen, R., Brisson, A., and Breuil, C. 1997. The sap-staining fungus Ophiostoma piceae synthesized different types of melanin in different growth media. Can. J. Microbiol. 43: 592-595.
12. Feng, B., Wang, X., Hauser, M., Kaufmann, S., Jentsch, S., Haase, G., Becker, J.M., and Szaniszlo, P.J. 2001. Molecular cloning and characterization of WdPKS1, a gene involved in dihydroxynaphthalene melanin biosynthesis and virulence in Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis. Infect. Immun. 69: 1781-1794.
13. Fernandez, M., Noyola, D.E., Rossmann, S.N., and Edwards, M.S. 1999. Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Curvularia lunata and a review of Curvularia infections in pediatrics. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 18: 727-731.
14. Henson, J.M., Butler, M.J., and Day, A.W. 1999. The dark side of the mycelium: melanins of phytopathogenic fungi. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 37: 447-471.
15. Jacobson, E.S. 2000. Pathogenic roles for fungal melanins. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 13: 708-717.
16. Jacobson, E.S., and Tinnell, S.B. 1993. Antioxidant function of fungal melanins. J. Bacteriol. 175: 7102-7104.
17. Janaki, C., Sentamilselvi, G., Janaki, V.R., Devesh, S., and Ajithados, K. 1999. Case report. Eumycetoma due to Curvularia lunata. Mycoses, 42: 345-346.
18. Kaushik, S., Ram, J., Chakrabarty, A., Dogra, M.R., Brar, G.S., and Gupta, A. 2001. Curvularia lunata endophthalmitis with secondary keratitis. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 131: 140-142.
19. Kimura, N., and Tsuge, T. 1993. Gene cluster involved in melanin biosynthesis of the filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata. J. Bacteriol. 175: 4427-4435.
20. Lanišnik Rižner, T., Moeller, G., Thole, H.H., Žakelj-Mavrič, M., and Adamski, J. 1999. A novel 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the fungus Cochliobolus lunatus: new insights into the evolution of steroid-hormone signalling. Biochem. J. 337: 425-431.
21. Page, R.D.M. 1996. An application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 12: 357-358.
22. Pearson, W.R., and Lipman, D.J. 1988. Improved tools for biological sequence comparison. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85: 2444-2448.
23. Polak, A. 1989. Melanin as a virulence factor in pathogenic fungi. Mycoses, 33: 215-224.
24. Revankar, S.G., Patterson, J.E., Sutton, D.A., Pullen, R., and Rinaldi, M.G. 2002. Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis: review of an emerging mycosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 34: 467-476.
25. Rinaldi, M.G., Phillips, P., Schwartz, J.G., Winn, R.E., Holt, G.R., Shagets, F.W., Elrod, J., Nishioka, G., and Aufdemorte, T.B. 1987. Human Curvularia infections. Report of five cases and review of the literature. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 6: 27-39.
26. Romero-Martinez, R., Wheeler, M., Guerrero-Plata, A., Rico, G., and Torres-Guerrero, H. 2000. Biosynthesis and functions of melanin in Sporothrix schenckii. Infect. Immun. 68: 3696-3703.
27. Rozman, D., and Komel, R. 1994. Isolation of genomic DNA from filamentous fungi with high glucan level. BioTechniques, 16: 382-384
28. Rozman, D., Hennebert, G.L., Kunej, T., Deckock, C., and Komel, R. 1996. Steroid biotransforming strains designated Cochliobolus lunatus ml18 and Cuvularia lunata AT46 are both Curvularia lunata var. lunata. Mycotaxon, 59: 489-498.
29. Schnitzler, N., Peltroche-Llacsahuanga, H., Bestier, N., Zundorf, J., Lutticken, R., and Haase, G. 1999. Effect of melanin and carotenoids of Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis on phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and killing by human neutrophils. Infect. Immun. 67: 94-101.
30. Shimizu, K., Tanaka, C., and Tsuda, M. 1997. Cloning of BRN1, a reductase gene involved in melanin biosynthesis in Cochliobolus heterostrophus. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 43: 145-150.
31. Takano, Y., Kubo, Y., Kuroda, I., and Furosawa, I. 1997. Temporal transcriptional pattern of three melanin biosynthesis genes, PKS1, SCD1, and THR1, in appressorium-differentiating and nondifferentiating conidia of Colletotrichum lagenarium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 351-354.
32. Taylor, B.E., Wheeler, M.H., and Szaniszlo, P.J. 1987. Evidence for pentaketide melanin biosynthesis in dematiaceous human pathogenic fungi. Mycologia, 79: 320-322.
33. Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G., and Gibson, T.J. 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22: 4673-4680.
34. Thompson, J.E., Basarab, G.S., Pierce, J., Hodge, C.N., and Douglas, B.J. 1998. 2,3-Dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-4H-benzopyran4-one: A nonphysiological substrate for fungal melanin biosynthetic enzymes. Anal. Biochem. 256: 1-6.
35. Thompson, J.E., Fahnestock, S., Farrall, L., Liao, D.-L., Valent, B., and Jordan, D.B. 2000. The second naphthol reductase of fungal melanin biosynthesis in Magnaporthe grisea. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 34 867-34 872.
36. Tsai, H.-F., Chang, Y.C., Washburn, R.G., Wheeler, M.H., and Kwon-Chung, K.J. 1998. The developmentally regulated albl gene of Aspergillus fumigatus: its role in modulation of conidial morphology and virulence. J. Bacteriol. 180: 3031-3038.
37. Tsai, H.-F., Wheeler, M.H., Chang, Y.C., and Kwon-Chung, K.J. 1999. A developmentally regulated gene cluster involved in conidial pigment biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus. J. Bacteriol. 181: 6469-6477.
38. Wang, Y., Aisen, P., and Casadevall, A. 1995. Cryptococcus neoformans inelanin and virulence: mechanism of action. Infect. Immun. 63: 3131-3136.
39. Wheeler, M.H. 1982. Melanin biosynthesis in Verticillium dahliae: dehydration and reduction reactions in cell-free homogenates. Exp. Mycol. 6: 171-179.
40. Wheeler, M.H. 1983. Comparison of fungal melanin biosynthesis in ascomycetous, imperfect and basidiomycetous fungi. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 81: 29-36.
41. Wheeler, M.H., and Klich, M.A. 1995. The effects of tricyclazole, pyroquilon, phthalide, and related fungicides on the production of conidial wall pigments by Penicillium and Aspergillus species. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 52: 125-136.
42. Wheeler, M.H., and Stipanovic, R.D. 1979. Melanin biosynthesis in Thielaviopsis basicola. Exp. Mycol. 3: 340-350.
43. Wheeler, M.H., and Stipanovic, R.D. 1985. Melanin biosynthesis and the metabolism of flaviolin and 2-hydroxyjuglone in Wangiella dermatitidis. Arch. Microbiol. 142: 234-241.