Betaine

Alternative Medicine Review

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 193-196

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETAINE; HOMOCYSTEINE;

ABDOMINAL CRAMP; ALCOHOL LIVER DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; CHEMICAL REACTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY INTAKE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TOLERABILITY; FATTY LIVER; HOMOCYSTINURIA; HUMAN; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; NAUSEA; OBESITY; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; STOMACH PH; TREATMENT INDICATION; ARTICLE; METABOLISM;

BETAINE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; FATTY LIVER; HOMOCYSTEINE; HOMOCYSTINURIA; HUMANS; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; LIVER DISEASES, ALCOHOLIC; OBESITY;

EID: 0037673931     PISSN: 10895159     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (28)

1. Schwahn BC, Hafner D, Hohlfeld T, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oral betaine in healthy subjects and patients with homocystinuria. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003;55:6-13.
2. Miller AL, Kelly GS. Homocysteine metabolism: nutritional modulation and impact on health and disease. Altern Med Rev 1997;2:234-254.
3. Miller AL. The methionine-homocysteine cycle and its effects on cognitive diseases. Altern Med Rev 2003;8:7-19.
4. Millian NS, Garrow TA. Human betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase is a zinc metalloenzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998;356:93-98.
5. Barak AJ, Beckenhauer HC, Tuma DJ, Donohue TM. Adaptive increase in betaine:homocysteine methyltransferase activity maintains hepatic S-adenosylmethionine levels in ethanol-treated rats. IRCS Med Sci 1984;12:866-867.
6. Surtees R, Bowron A, Leonard J. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma total homocysteine and related metabolites in children with cystathionine betasynthase deficiency: the effect of treatment. Pediatr Res 1997;42:577-582.
7. Wilcken DE, Wilcken B, Dudman NP, Tyrrell PA. Homocystinuria - the effects of betaine in the treatment of patients not responsive to pyridoxine. N Engl J Med 1983;309:448-453.
8. Schwab U, Torronen A, Toppinen L, et al. Betaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine concentrations but does not affect body weight, body composition, or resting energy expenditure in human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:961-967.
9. Brouwer IA, Verhoef P, Urgert R. Betaine supplementation and plasma homocysteine in healthy volunteers. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2546-2547.
10. Hopkins PN, Wu LL, Wu J, et al. Higher plasma homocyst(e)ine and increased susceptibility to adverse effects of low folate in early familial coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995;15:1314-1320.
11. Boushey CJ, Beresford SA, Omenn GS, Motulsky AG. A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes. JAMA 1995;274:1049-1057.
12. Landgren F, Israelsson B, Lindgren A, et al. Plasma homocysteine in acute myocardial infarction: homocysteine-lowering effect of folic acid. J Intern Med 1995;237:381-388.
13. Chasan-Taber L, Selhub J, Rosenberg IH, et al. A prospective study of folate and vitamin B6 and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians. JAm Coll Nutr 1996;15:136-143.
14. Knekt P, Alfthan G, Aromaa A, et al. Homocysteine and major coronary events: a prospective population study amongst women. J Intern Med 2001;249:461-465.
15. Bots ML, Launer LJ, Lindemans J, et al. Homocysteine and short-term risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:38-44.
16. Brattstrom L, Lindgren A, Israelsson B, et al. Hyperhomocysteinaemia in stroke: prevalence, cause, and relationships to type of stroke and stroke risk factors. Eur J Clin Invest 1992;22:214-221.
17. Molgaard J, Malinow MR, Lassvik C, et al. Hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia: an independent risk factor for intermittent claudication. J Intern Med 1992;231:273-279.
18. No authors listed. Lowering blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: meta-analysis of randomised trials. Homocysteine Lowering Trialists' Collaboration. BMJ 1998;316:894-898.
19. Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, et al. Effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 on clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention: the Swiss Heart Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:973-979.
20. Yap S, Boers GH, Wilcken B, et al. Vascular outcome in patients with homocystinuria due to cystathione beta-synthase deficiency treated chronically: a multicenter observational study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:2080-2085.
21. Wilcken DE, Dudman NP, Tyrrell PA. Homocystinuria due to cystathione beta-synthase deficiency - the effects of betaine treatment in pyridoxine-responsive patients. Metabolism 1985;34:1115-1121.
22. Kluijtmans LA, Boers GH, Kraus JP, et al. The molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Dutch patients with homocystinuria: effect of CBS genotype on biochemical and clinical phenotype and on response to treatment. Am J Hum Genet 1999;65:59-67.
23. Patrick L. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: relationship to insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. Treatment approaches using vitamin E, magnesium, and betaine. Altern Med Rev 2002;7:276-291.
24. Saeian K, Curro K, Binion DG, et al. Plasma total homocysteine levels are higher in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 1999;30:436A.
25. Abdelmalek MF, Angulo P, Jorgensen RA, et al. Betaine, a promising new agent for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results of a pilot study. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:2711-2717.
26. Miglio F, Rovati LC, Santoro A, Setnikar I. Efficacy and safety of oral betaine glucoronate in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled prospective clinical study. Arzneimittelforschung 2000;50:722-727.
27. Barak AJ, Beckenhauer HC, Tuma DJ. Dietary betaine promotes generation of hepatic S-adenosylmethionine and protects the liver from ethanol-induced fatty infiltration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993;17:552-555.
28. Barak AJ, Beckenhauer HC, Tuma DJ. Betaine, ethanol, and the liver: a review. Alcohol 1996;13:395-398.