Reducing bias in frequency judgment by improving source monitoring

Acta Psychologica

Volumn 113, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 23-44

  Dougherty, Michael R P ^a   Franco Watkins, Ana M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Availability heuristic; Frequency judgment; Judgment and decision making; Source monitoring

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DECISION MAKING; HUMAN; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY;

DECISION MAKING; HUMANS; JUDGMENT; PREJUDICE;

EID: 0037643336     PISSN: 00016918     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0001-6918(02)00149-X     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Aarts H. Dijksterhuis A. How often did I do it? Experienced ease of retrieval and frequency estimates of past behavior Acta Psychologica 103 1999 77-89
2. Anderson J.A. Anderson J.A. Brown U. Silverstein J.W. Ritz S.A. Jones R.S. Distinctive features, categorical perception, and probability learning: some applications of a neural model Psychological Review 84 1977 413-451
3. Batting W.F. Montague W.E. Category norms for verbal items in 56 categories: a replication and extension of the connecticut category norms Journal of Experimental Psychology Monograph 80 1969 1-46
4. Begg I. Maxwell D. Mitterer J.O. Harris G. Estimates of frequency: attribute or attribution? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 12 1986 496-508
5. Brown N. Estimation strategies and the judgment of event frequency Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 21 1995 1539-1553
6. Brown N. Context memory and the selection of frequency estimation strategies Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 23 1997 898-914
7. Dalton P. The role of stimulus familiarity in context-dependent recognition Memory & Cognition 21 1993 223-234
8. Dougherty M.R.P. Gettys C.F. Ogden E. Minerva-DM: a memory process model for judgments of likelihood Psychological Review 106 1999 180-209
9. Friendly M. Franklin P.E. Hoffman D. Rubin D.C. The Toronto word pool: norms for imagery, concreteness, orthographic variables, and grammatical usage for 1080 words Behavior Research Methods & Instruments 14 1982 375-399
10. Greene R.L. Generation effects in frequency judgment Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 14 1988 298-304
11. Hart J.T. Memory and the memory-monitoring process Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 6 1967 685-691
12. Henkel L.A. Franklin N. Johnson M.K. Cross-modal source monitoring confusions between perceived and imagined events Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 26 2000 32-335
13. Hintzman D.L. Judgments of frequency and recognition memory in a multiple trace model Psychological Review 95 1988 528-551
14. Hockley W.E. Cristi C. Tests of separate retrieval of item and associative information using a frequency-judgment task Memory and Cognition 24 1996 796-811
15. Johnson M.K. Hashtroudi S. Lindsay D.S. Source monitoring Psychological Bulletin 114 1993 3-28
16. Johnson M.K. Raye C.L. Reality monitoring Psychological Review 88 1981 67-85
17. Johnson M.K. Taylor T.H. Raye C.L. Fact and fantasy: the effects of internally generated events on the apparent frequency of externally generated events Memory and Cognition 5 1977 116-122
18. Lewandowsky S. Smith P.W. The effect of increasing the memorability of category instances on estimates of category size Memory and Cognition 11 1983 347-350
19. Reichardt C.S. Shaughnessy J.J. Zimmerman J. On the independence of judged frequencies for items presented in successive lists Memory and Cognition 1 1973 149-156
20. Schwarz N. Bless H. Strack F. Klumpp G. Rittenauer-Schatka H. Simons A. Ease of retrieval as information: another look at the availability heuristic Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61 1991 195-202
21. Sedlmeier P. Improving statistical reasoning: theoretical models and practical implications 1999 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Mahwah, NJ, US
22. Sedlmeier P. Hertwig R. Gigerenzer G. Are judgments of the positional frequency of letters systematically biased due to availability? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 24 1998 754-770
23. Shiffrin R.M. Steyvers M. A model for recognition memory: REM - retrieving effectively from memory Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 4 1996 145-166
24. Tulving E. Thomson D.M. Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in recognition memory Psychological Review 80 1973 353-370
25. Tversky A. Kahneman D. Availability: a heuristic for judging frequency and probability Cognitive Psychology 5 1973 207-232
26. Wänke M. Schwarz N. Bless H. The availability heuristic revisited: experienced ease of retrieval in mundane frequency estimates Acta Psychologica 89 1995 83-90