Cost Comparisons of Community and Institutional Residential Settings: Historical Review of Selected Research

Mental Retardation

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 103-122

  Walsh, Kevin K ^a   Kastner, Theodore A ^b,c   Green, Regina Gentlesk ^d  

^a Southern New Jersey Office   (United States)

^b Education for the Geriatric Mental Health Alliance of New York   (United States)

^c Columbia Univ Coll Phys Surgs ^*  (United States)

^d NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY CARE; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; INSTITUTIONAL CARE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MEDICAL STAFF; MENTAL DEFICIENCY; METHODOLOGY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; RESIDENTIAL CARE; REVIEW; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ECONOMICS; INSTITUTIONALIZATION; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT;

COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; HUMANS; INSTITUTIONALIZATION; MENTAL RETARDATION; PERSONNEL STAFFING AND SCHEDULING; RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT;

EID: 0037641051     PISSN: 00476765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2003)041<0103:CCOCAI>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Adams, E. K., Ellwood, M. R., & Pine, P. L. (1989). Utilization and expenditures under Medicaid for Supplemental Security Income Disabled. Health Care Financing Review, 11(1), 1-24.
2. Anderson, D. J., Lakin, K. C., Hill, B. K., & Chen, T. (1992). Social integration of older persons with mental retardation in residential facilities. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 96, 488-501.
3. Ashbaugh, J., & Allard, M. A. (1983). Comparative analysis of the costs of residential and day services within institutional and day settings. Boston: Human Services Research Institute.
4. Ashbaugh, J., & Nerney, T. (1990). Costs of providing residential and related support services to individuals with mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 28, 269-273.
5. Borthwick-Duffy, S. (1994). Prevalence of destructive behaviors. A study of aggression, self-injury, and property destruction. In T. Thompson & D. B. Gray (Eds.), Destructive behavior in developmental disabilities: Diagnosis and treatment (pp. 3-23). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
6. Braddock, D., & Fujiura, G. (1987). State government financial effort in mental retardation. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 91, 450-459.
7. Braddock, D., Fujiura, G., Hemp, R., Mitchell, D., & Bachelder, L. (1991). Current and future trends in state-operated mental retardation institutions in the United States. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 95, 451-462.
8. Braddock, D., & Hemp, R. (1997). Toward family and community mental retardation services in Massachusetts, New England, and the United States. Mental Retardation, 35, 241-256.
9. Braddock, D., Hemp, R., & Fujiura, G. (1987). National study of public spending for mental retardation and developmental disabilities. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 92, 121-133.
10. Braddock, D., Hemp, R., & Howes, R. (1986). Direct costs of institutional care in the United States. Mental Retardation, 24, 9-17.
11. Braddock, D., Hemp, R., & Howes, R. (1987). Financing community services in the United States: Results of a nationwide study. Mental Retardation, 25, 21-30.
12. Braddock, D., & Mitchell, D. (1992). Residential services for persons with developmental disabilities in the United States: A national study of staff compensation, turnover and related issues. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.
13. Bruininks, R. H., Olson, K. M., Larson, S. A., & Lakin, K. C. (1994). Challenging behaviors among persons with mental retardation in residential settings. In T. Thompson & D. B. Gray (Eds.), Destructive behavior in developmental disabilities: Diagnosis and treatment (pp. 24-48). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
14. Butterfield, E. C. (1987). Why and how to study the influence of living arrangements. In S. Landesman & P. Vietze (Eds.), Living environments and mental retardation (pp. 43-59). Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.
15. Campbell, E. M., Fortune, J., & Heinlein, K. B. (1998). The effects of funding packages on the outcomes of integration and independence of adults with developmental disabilities in two rural states. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 10, 257-281.
16. Campbell, E. M., & Heal, L. W. (1995). Prediction of cost, rates, and staffing by provider client characteristics. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 100, 17-35.
17. Campo, S. F., Sharpton, W. R., Thompson, B., & Sexton, D. (1997). Correlates of the quality of life of adults with severe or profound mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 35, 329-337.
18. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (formerly HCFA). (2001). ICF/MR program summary, October, 1996-November, 2000. Retrieved 9/13/2001 from http://www.hcfa.gov/ medicaid/icfmr/icfinits.htm.
19. Conroy, J., Efthimiou, J., & Lemanowicz, J. (1982). A matched comparison of the developmental growth of institutionalized and deinstitutionalized mentally retarded clients. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 86, 581-587.
20. Davis, S., Abeson, A., & Lloyd, J. C. (1997). A status report to the nation on people with mental retardation waiting for community services. The Arc. Retrieved 10/28/01 from http://thearc.org/ report/Wait/Page.html.
21. Eiken, S., & Burwell, B. (2001). Medicaid HCBS Waiver expenditures, FY 1995 through FY 2000. HCBS website; retrieved 11/2/01 from http:// www.hcbs.org/Waiver_expenditure.htm.
22. Emerson, E. (1999). Residential supports for people with intellectual disabilities: Questions and challenges from the UK. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 24, 309-319.
23. Emerson, E., Robertson, J., Gregory, N., Hatton, C., Kessissoglou, S., Hallam, A., Knapp, M., Jarbrink, K., Walsh, P. N., & Netten, A. (2000). Quality and costs of community-based residential supports, village communities, and residential campuses in the United Kingdom. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 105, 81-102.
24. Felce, D. (1994). Costs, quality and staffing in services for people with severe learning disabilities. Journal of Mental Health, 3, 495-507.
25. Felce, D., Lowe, K., Beecham, J., & Hallam, A. (2000). Exploring the relationships between costs and quality of services for adults with severe intellectual disabilities and the most severe challenging behaviors: A multivariate regression analysis. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 4, 307-326.
26. Felce, D., & Perry, J. (1995). Quality of life: Its definition and measurement. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 16, 51-74.
27. Harrington, C., & Swan, J. H. (1990). State Medicaid ICF-MR utilization and expenditures in the 1980-1984 period. Mental Retardation, 28, 15-27.
28. Hatton, C., Emerson, E., Robertson, J., Henderson, D., & Cooper, J. (1995). The quality and costs of residential services for adults with multiple disabilities: A comparative evaluation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 16, 439-460.
29. Heal, L. W. (1987). Institutions cost more than community services. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 92, 136-138.
30. Hughes, C., Hwang, B., Kim, J., Eisenman, L. T., & Killian, D. J. (1995). Quality of life in applied research: A review and analysis of empirical measures. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 99, 623-641.
31. Jones, P. A., Conroy, J. W., Feinstein, C. S., & Lemanowicz, J. (1984). A matched comparison study of cost-effectiveness: Institutionalized and deinstitutionalized people. Journal of the Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps, 9, 304-313.
32. Kastner, T. (2000). On the need for policy requiring data-sharing among researchers publishing in AAMR journals: Critique of Conroy and Adler (1998). Mental Retardation, 38, 519-529.
33. Kavanagh, S., & Opit, L. (1998). The cost of caring: The economics of providing for the intellectually disabled. London: Politeia.
34. Knobbe, C. A., Carey, S. P., Rhodes, L., & Horner, R. H. (1995). Benefit-cost analysis of community residential versus institutional services for adults with severe mental retardation and challenging behaviors. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 99, 533-541.
35. Kronick, R. (1997). Expenditure patterns of New Jersey DDD clients in 1995. Division of Health Care Sciences, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego.
36. Kronick, R., Dreyfus, T., Lee, L., & Zhou, Z. (1996). Diagnostic risk adjustment for Medicaid: The Disability Payment System. Health Care Financing Review, 17(3), 7-33.
37. Lakin, K. C. (1996). On the outside looking in: Attending to waiting lists in systems of services for people with developmental disabilities. Mental Retardation, 36, 165-167.
38. Lakin, K. C., Anderson, L., & Prouty, R. (1998). Decreases continue in out-of-home residential placements of children and youth with mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 36, 165-167.
39. Lakin, K. C., Polister, B., Prouty, R. W., & Smith, J. (2001). Utilization of and expenditures for Medicaid Institutional and Home and Community Based services. In R. W. Prouty, G. Smith, & K. C. Lakin (Eds.), Residential services for persons with developmental disabilities: Status and trends through 2000 (pp. 87-117). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Research and Training Center on Community Living, Institute on Community Integration.
40. Lakin, K. C., Prouty, R. W., Polister, B., & Kwak, N. (2001). Characteristics and movement of residents of large state facilities. In R. W. Prouty, G. Smith, & K. C. Lakin (Eds.), Residential services for persons with developmental disabilities: Status and trends through 2000 (pp. 33-48). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Research and Training Center on Community Living, Institute on Community Integration.
41. Larson, S. A., Hewitt, A., & Anderson, L. (1999). Staff recruitment challenges and interventions in agencies supporting people with developmental disabilities. Mental Retardation, 37, 36-46.
42. Larsson, G., & Larsson, B. W. (2001). Quality of care and service as perceived by adults with developmental disabilities, their parents, and primary caregivers. Mental Retardation, 39, 249-258.
43. LeBlanc, A. J., Tonner, M. C., & Harrington, C. (2000). Medicaid 1915 Home and Community-Based Services Waivers across the states. Health Care Financing Review, 2(2), 159-174.
44. Lutsky, S., Alecxih, L. M. B., Duffy, J., & Neill, C. (2000). Review of the Medicaid 1915(c) Home and Community Based Services Waiver program literature and program data. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services and The Lewin Group.
45. Miller, N. A., Ramsland, S., & Harrington, C. (1999). Trends and issues in the Medicaid 1915(c) Waiver program. Health Care Financing Review, 20(4), 139-160.
46. Mitchell, D., Braddock, D., & Hemp, R. (1990). Synthesis of research on the costs of institutional and community-based care. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 7, 171-183.
47. Murphy, J. G., & Datel, W. E. (1976). A cost-benefit analysis of community versus institutional living. Hospital & Community Psychiatry, 27, 165-170.
48. Nerney, D. B. (2000). Meta-analysis, decision analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis: Methods for quantitative synthesis in medicine (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Nerney, T., & Conley, R. W. (1992). A policy analysis of community costs for persons with severe disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 3, 31-51.
50. Polister, B., Smith, J., Prouty, R. W., & Lakin, K. C. (2001). Large state MR/DD residential facilities, 1960-2001, individual facility populations, per diem costs, and closures in FY 2000. In R. W. Prouty, G. Smith, & K. C. Lakin (Eds.), Residential services for persons with developmental disabilities: Status and trends through 2000 (pp. 19-31). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Research and Training Center on Community Living, Institute on Community Integration.
51. Prouty, R. W., Smith, G., & Lakin, K. C. (Eds.). (2001). Residential services for persons with developmental disabilities: Status and trends through 2000. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Research and Training Center on Community Integration.
52. Rhoades, J. A., & Altman, B. M. (2001). Personal characteristics and contextual factors associated with residential expenditures for individuals with mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 39, 114-129.
53. Schalock, M., & Fredericks, B. (1990). Comparative costs for institutional services and services for selected populations in the community. Behavioral Residential Treatment, 5, 271-286.
54. Smith, J., Polister, B., Prouty, R. W., Bruininks, R. H., & Lakin, K. C. (2001). Current populations and longitudinal trends of state residential settings (1950-2000). In R. W. Prouty, G. Smith, & K. C. Lakin (Eds.), Residential services for persons with developmental disabilities: Status and trends through 2000 (pp. 3-18). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Research and Training Center on Community Living, Institute on Community Integration.
55. Smith, G. A., & Gettings, R. M. (1996). The Medicaid Home and Community-Based Waiver program: Recent and emerging trends in serving people with developmental disabilities. Alexandria, VA: National Association of State Directors of Developmental Disabilities Services.
56. Stancliffe, R. J. (2001). Living with support in the community: Predictors of choice and self-determination. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 7, 91-98.
57. Stancliffe, R. J., & Abery, B. H. (1997). Longitudinal study of deinstitutionalization and the exercise of choice. Mental Retardation, 35, 159-169.
58. Stancliffe, R. J., Emerson, E., & Lakin, K. C. (2000). Community living and people with intellectual disability: Introduction to Part I. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 25(4), i-iv.
59. Stancliffe, R. J., & Hayden, M. F. (1998). Longitudinal study of institutional downsizing: Effects on individuals who remain in the institution. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102, 500-510.
60. Stancliffe, R. J., Hayden, M. F., & Lakin, K. C. (1999). Effectiveness of challenging behavior IHP objectives in residential settings: A longitudinal study. Mental Retardation, 37, 482-493.
61. Stancliffe, R. J., Hayden, M. F., & Lakin, K. C. (2000). Quality and content of individualized plan objectives in residential settings. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 35, 191-207.
62. Stancliffe, R. J., & Lakin, K. C. (1998). Analysis of expenditures and outcomes of residential alternatives for persons with developmental disabilities. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102, 552-568.
63. Stancliffe, R. J., & Lakin, K. C. (1999). A longitudinal comparison of day program services and outcomes of people who left institutions and those who stayed. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24, 44-57.
64. Strauss, D., & Kastner, T. (1996). Comparative mortality of people with mental retardation in institutions and the community. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 101, 26-40.
65. Strauss, D., Kastner, T., & Shavelle, R. (1998). Mortality of adults with developmental disabilities living in California institutions and community care, 1985-1994. Mental Retardation, 98, 360-371.
66. Strauss, D., Shavelle, R., Baumeister, A., & Anderson, T. W. (1998). Mortality in persons with developmental disabilities after transfer into community care. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102, 569-581.
67. Taylor, S. J. (Ed.). (1998). Methodological issues in mortality research: Commentaries on Strauss et al. and O'Brien and Zaharia [special section]. Mental Retardation, 36(5).
68. Walsh, K. K., & Kastner, T. A. (1999). Quality of health care for people with developmental disabilities: The challenge of managed care. Mental Retardation, 37, 1-15.
69. Wieck, C. A., & Bruininks, R. H. (1980). The cost of public and community residential care for mentally retarded people in the United States. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychoeducational Studies.