The cracked foundations of the right to secede

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 5-17

  Horowitz, Donald L ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0037621831     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.2003.0033     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. See the excellent entry by Michael Banton, "Self-Determination," in Athena Leoussi, ed., Encyclopaedia of Nationalism (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2001), 271-73.
2. The so-called secession of Singapore was actually an expulsion of the city-state from Malaysia and was portrayed in legal instruments as occurring by mutual consent.
3. Opinions of the Arbitration Committee, reported by Alain Pellet, "The Opinions of the Badinter Arbitration Committee: A Second Breath for the Self-Determination of Peoples," European Journal of International Law 3 (1992): 178, Appendix, at 183.
4. See Thomas M. Franck, "The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance," American Journal of International Law 86 (January 1992): 46-91. See also Antonio Cassese, "Political Self-Determination: Old Concepts and New Developments," in Antonio Cassese, ed., UN Law/Fundamental Rights: Two Topics in International Law (Alphanaanden Rijn, Netherlands: Sijthoff and Noordhoff, 1979), 137-65; and Morton H. Halperin and Kristen Lomasney, "Toward a Global 'Guarantee Clause,'" Journal of Democracy 4 (July 1993): 60-69.
5. See Thomas M. Franck, "The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance," American Journal of International Law 86 (January 1992): 46-91. See also Antonio Cassese, "Political Self-Determination: Old Concepts and New Developments," in Antonio Cassese, ed., UN Law/Fundamental Rights: Two Topics in International Law (Alphanaanden Rijn, Netherlands: Sijthoff and Noordhoff, 1979), 137-65; and Morton H. Halperin and Kristen Lomasney, "Toward a Global 'Guarantee Clause,'" Journal of Democracy 4 (July 1993): 60-69.
6. See Thomas M. Franck, "The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance," American Journal of International Law 86 (January 1992): 46-91. See also Antonio Cassese, "Political Self-Determination: Old Concepts and New Developments," in Antonio Cassese, ed., UN Law/Fundamental Rights: Two Topics in International Law (Alphanaanden Rijn, Netherlands: Sijthoff and Noordhoff, 1979), 137-65; and Morton H. Halperin and Kristen Lomasney, "Toward a Global 'Guarantee Clause,'" Journal of Democracy 4 (July 1993): 60-69.
7. See for example Daniel Philpott, "Self-Determination in Practice," in Margaret Moore, ed., National Self-Determination and Secession (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 79-102.
8. For surveys of such theories, see Donald L. Horowitz, "Self-Determination: Politics, Philosophy, and Law," in Margaret Moore, ed., National Self-Determination and Secession, 197-200; and Allen Buchanan and David Golove, "The Philosophy of International Law," in Jules Coleman and Scott Shapiro, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).
9. For surveys of such theories, see Donald L. Horowitz, "Self-Determination: Politics, Philosophy, and Law," in Margaret Moore, ed., National Self-Determination and Secession, 197-200; and Allen Buchanan and David Golove, "The Philosophy of International Law," in Jules Coleman and Scott Shapiro, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).
10. See Allen Buchanan and David Golove, "The Philosophy of International Law." See also Allen Buchanan, Secession: The Morality of Political Divorce from Fort Sumter to Lithuania and Quebec (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991); and Diane F. Orentlicher, "International Responses to Separatist Claims," paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy, San Francisco, 2-3 January 2001.
11. See Allen Buchanan and David Golove, "The Philosophy of International Law." See also Allen Buchanan, Secession: The Morality of Political Divorce from Fort Sumter to Lithuania and Quebec (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991); and Diane F. Orentlicher, "International Responses to Separatist Claims," paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy, San Francisco, 2-3 January 2001.
12. Robert McCorquodale, "Human Rights and Self-Determination," in Mortimer Sellers, ed., The New World Order: Sovereignty, Human Rights, and the Self-Determination of Peoples (Oxford: Berg, 1996), 24-25; and Gerry J. Simpson, "The Diffusion of Sovereignty: Self-Determinations in the Post-Colonial Age," in Mortimer Sellers, ed., The New World Order, 48, 54-56.
13. Robert McCorquodale, "Human Rights and Self-Determination," in Mortimer Sellers, ed., The New World Order: Sovereignty, Human Rights, and the Self-Determination of Peoples (Oxford: Berg, 1996), 24-25; and Gerry J. Simpson, "The Diffusion of Sovereignty: Self-Determinations in the Post-Colonial Age," in Mortimer Sellers, ed., The New World Order, 48, 54-56.
14. Diane F. Orentlicher, "International Responses to Separatist Claims," 17-18.
15. Quoted by Thurman Arnold, "Criminal Attempts - The Rise and Fall of an Abstraction," Yale Law Journal 40 (1930-31): 58.
16. See for example Daniel Philpott, "Self-Determination in Practice," 92; and Diane F. Orentlicher, "International Responses to Separatist Claims."
17. See for example Daniel Philpott, "Self-Determination in Practice," 92; and Diane F. Orentlicher, "International Responses to Separatist Claims."
18. Hurst Hannum, "Territorial Autonomy: Permanent Solution or Step Toward Secession?" paper presented at the conference on "Facing Ethnic Conflicts: Perspectives from Research and Policy Making," University of Bonn, 14-16 December 2000, 4.
19. See Saadia Touval, The Boundary Politics of Independent Africa (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972).
20. See Donald L. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), 281-88; and Donald L. Horowitz, "Irredentas and Secessions: Adjacent Phenomena, Neglected Connections," in Naomi Chazan, ed., Irredentism and International Politics (Studies in International Politics) (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1991), 9-22.
21. See Donald L. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), 281-88; and Donald L. Horowitz, "Irredentas and Secessions: Adjacent Phenomena, Neglected Connections," in Naomi Chazan, ed., Irredentism and International Politics (Studies in International Politics) (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1991), 9-22.
22. Nicholas Sambanis, "Partition as a Solution to Ethnic War: An Empirical Critique of the Theoretical Literature," World Politics 52 (July 2000): 437-83.
23. See Nicholas Sambanis, "Partition as a Solution to Ethnic War," 479; and Donald L. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict, 592-96.
24. See Nicholas Sambanis, "Partition as a Solution to Ethnic War," 479; and Donald L. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict, 592-96.
25. Diane F. Orentlicher, "International Responses to Separatist Claims," 14 (emphasis omitted).
26. Diane F. Orentlicher, "International Responses to Separatist Claims," 17.
27. See Thomas M. Franck, "The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance."
28. James Crawford, "State Practice and International Law in Relation to Secession," British Yearbook of International Law 1998 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999), 85-117.
29. James Crawford, "State Practice and International Law in Relation to Secession," 114.
30. James Crawford, "State Practice and International Law in Relation to Secession," 115.
31. James Crawford, "State Practice and International Law in Relation to Secession," 116.
32. Antonio Cassese, "Political Self-Determination."
33. The International Court of Justice has itself recognized periodically that customary international law comprises a limited set of norms to assure coexistence and cooperation among states. See for example Case Concerning Delimitation of the Mari-time Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area, 1984 I.C.J. 246.
34. Karl N. Llewellyn, The Common Law Tradition: Deciding Appeals (Boston: Little, Brown, 1960).
35. Robert Lansing, quoted in David Fromkin, Kosovo Crossing: American Ideals Meet Reality on the Balkan Battlefields (New York: Free Press, 1999), 127.
36. See Arend Lijphart, Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977).
37. I have written about such devices in various places. See for example Donald L. Horowitz, A Democratic South Africa? Constitutional Engineering in a Divided Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
38. See Donald L. Horowitz, "Constitutional Design: An Oxymoron," NOMOS 42 (2000): 253-84.