메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 79, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 389-399

Gene flow and melanism in garter snakes revisited: A comparison of molecular markers and island vs. coalescent models

Author keywords

Allozymes; Coalescent theory; FST; Genetic drift; Lake Erie; Microsatellite DNA; Migration; Mutation; Selection; Thamnophis sirtalis

Indexed keywords

GENE FLOW; GENETIC DRIFT; MELANISM; SNAKE;

EID: 0037593344     PISSN: 00244066     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00199.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 77958410921 scopus 로고
    • Morphology, performance and fitness
    • Arnold SJ. 1983. Morphology, performance and fitness. American Zoologist 23: 347-361.
    • (1983) American Zoologist , vol.23 , pp. 347-361
    • Arnold, S.J.1
  • 2
    • 0025628343 scopus 로고
    • History, selection, drift, and gene flow: Complex differentiation in checkerspot butterflies
    • Baughman JF, Brussard PF, Erlich PR, Murphy DD. 1990. History, selection, drift, and gene flow: complex differentiation in checkerspot butterflies. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 1967-1975.
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.68 , pp. 1967-1975
    • Baughman, J.F.1    Brussard, P.F.2    Erlich, P.R.3    Murphy, D.D.4
  • 3
    • 0032212522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic differentiation among local populations of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in mosaic habitats
    • Becher SA, Griffiths R. 1998. Genetic differentiation among local populations of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in mosaic habitats. Molecular Ecology 7: 1599-1604.
    • (1998) Molecular Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 1599-1604
    • Becher, S.A.1    Griffiths, R.2
  • 4
    • 0038653099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington: University of Washington. Distributed over the internet
    • Beerli P. 1997. MIGRATE documentation, Version 0.7. Washington: University of Washington. Distributed over the internet:http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/lamarc.html/.
    • (1997) MIGRATE Documentation, Version 0.7
    • Beerli, P.1
  • 5
    • 0002452163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of migration rates and population sizes in geographically structured populations
    • Carvalho GR, ed. Amsterdam: IOS Press
    • Beerli P. 1998. Estimation of migration rates and population sizes in geographically structured populations. In. Carvalho GR, ed. Advances in molecular ecology. Amsterdam: IOS Press 39-53.
    • (1998) Advances in Molecular Ecology , pp. 39-53
    • Beerli, P.1
  • 6
    • 0032979748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum-likelihood estimation of migration rates and effective population numbers in two populations using a coalescent approach
    • Beerli P, Felsenstein J. 1999. Maximum-likelihood estimation of migration rates and effective population numbers in two populations using a coalescent approach. Genetics 152: 763-773.
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.152 , pp. 763-773
    • Beerli, P.1    Felsenstein, J.2
  • 7
    • 0035836728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood estimation of a migration matrix and effective population sizes in n subpopulations by using a coalescent approach
    • Beerli P, Felsenstein J. 2001. Maximum likelihood estimation of a migration matrix and effective population sizes in n subpopulations by using a coalescent approach. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98: 4563-4568.
    • (2001) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA , vol.98 , pp. 4563-4568
    • Beerli, P.1    Felsenstein, J.2
  • 9
    • 0038653100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphic clay models of Thamnophis sirtalis suggest patterns of avian predation
    • in press
    • Bittner TD. 2003. Polymorphic clay models of Thamnophis sirtalis suggest patterns of avian predation. Ohio Journal of Science in press.
    • (2003) Ohio Journal of Science
    • Bittner, T.D.1
  • 10
    • 0036107298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of body size and melanism on the thermal biology of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis)
    • Bittner TD, King RB, Kerfin JM. 2002. Effects of body size and melanism on the thermal biology of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis). Copeia 2002: 477-482.
    • (2002) Copeia , vol.2002 , pp. 477-482
    • Bittner, T.D.1    King, R.B.2    Kerfin, J.M.3
  • 11
    • 0001173083 scopus 로고
    • The inheritance of melanism in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis (Linneaus) and some further evidence of effective autumn mating
    • Blanchard F, Blanchard F. 1940. The inheritance of melanism in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis (Linneaus) and some further evidence of effective autumn mating. Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 26: 177-193.
    • (1940) Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters , vol.26 , pp. 177-193
    • Blanchard, F.1    Blanchard, F.2
  • 12
    • 0033102596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersal, gene flow and population structure
    • Bohonak AJ. 1999. Dispersal, gene flow and population structure. Quarterly Review of Biology 74: 21-45.
    • (1999) Quarterly Review of Biology , vol.74 , pp. 21-45
    • Bohonak, A.J.1
  • 13
    • 0032080714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic estimates of population structure and gene flow, limitations, lessons and new directions
    • Bossart JL, Prowell DP. 1998. Genetic estimates of population structure and gene flow. limitations, lessons and new directions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13: 202-206.
    • (1998) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.13 , pp. 202-206
    • Bossart, J.L.1    Prowell, D.P.2
  • 14
    • 0028995910 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of ecologically significant genetic variation in the tiger swallowtail butterfly through differential selection and gene flow
    • Bossart JL, Scriber JM. 1995. Maintenance of ecologically significant genetic variation in the tiger swallowtail butterfly through differential selection and gene flow. Evolution 49: 1163-1171.
    • (1995) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 1163-1171
    • Bossart, J.L.1    Scriber, J.M.2
  • 15
    • 0027060019 scopus 로고
    • Correlational selection for color pattern and antipredator behavior in the garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides
    • Brodie ED III. 1992. Correlational selection for color pattern and antipredator behavior in the garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides. Evolution 46: 1284-1298.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 1284-1298
    • Brodie E.D. III1
  • 17
    • 0022181406 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the Erie-basin Great Lakes
    • Karrow PF, Calkin PE, eds. St. Johns, Newfoundland: Geological Association of Canada
    • Calkin PE, Feenstra BHH. 1985. Evolution of the Erie-basin Great Lakes. In: Karrow PF, Calkin PE, eds. Quaternary evolution of the Great Lakes. St. Johns, Newfoundland: Geological Association of Canada 149-170.
    • (1985) Quaternary Evolution of the Great Lakes , pp. 149-170
    • Calkin, P.E.1    Feenstra, B.H.H.2
  • 18
    • 0031958013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of historical events and gene flow on the population structure of a Mediterranean ragwort, Senecio gallicus (Asteraceae)
    • Comes HP, Abbott RJ. 1998. The relative importance of historical events and gene flow on the population structure of a Mediterranean ragwort, Senecio gallicus (Asteraceae). Evolution 52: 355-367.
    • (1998) Evolution , vol.52 , pp. 355-367
    • Comes, H.P.1    Abbott, R.J.2
  • 19
    • 0027136961 scopus 로고
    • Ecology and genetics of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera. Interactions between selection and gene flow
    • Daly JC. 1993. Ecology and genetics of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera. interactions between selection and gene flow. Genetica 90: 217-226.
    • (1993) Genetica , vol.90 , pp. 217-226
    • Daly, J.C.1
  • 20
    • 0031597285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of microsatellite and allozyme markers: A case study investigating microgeographic differentiation in the brown trout (Salmo trutta)
    • Estoup A, Rousset F, Michalakis Y, Cornuet J-M, Adriamanga M, Guyomard R. 1998. Comparative analysis of microsatellite and allozyme markers: a case study investigating microgeographic differentiation in the brown trout (Salmo trutta). Molecular Ecology 7: 339-353.
    • (1998) Molecular Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 339-353
    • Estoup, A.1    Rousset, F.2    Michalakis, Y.3    Cornuet, J.-M.4    Adriamanga, M.5    Guyomard, R.6
  • 21
    • 0033197813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of two indirect methods for estimating average levels of gene flow using microsatellite data
    • Gaggiotti OE, Lange O, Rassmann K, Gliddons C. 1999. A comparison of two indirect methods for estimating average levels of gene flow using microsatellite data. Molecular Ecology 8: 1513-1520.
    • (1999) Molecular Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 1513-1520
    • Gaggiotti, O.E.1    Lange, O.2    Rassmann, K.3    Gliddons, C.4
  • 22
    • 0035076168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of reduction in population size using data from microsatellite loci
    • Garza JC, Williamson EG. 2001. Detection of reduction in population size using data from microsatellite loci. Molecular Ecology 10: 305-318.
    • (2001) Molecular Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 305-318
    • Garza, J.C.1    Williamson, E.G.2
  • 23
    • 0031284710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure of populations of the threatened eastern massasauga rattlesnake, Sistrurus c. catenatus: Evidence from microsatellite DNA markers
    • Gibbs HL, Prior KA, Weatherhead PJ, Johnson G. 1997. Genetic structure of populations of the threatened eastern massasauga rattlesnake, Sistrurus c. catenatus: Evidence from microsatellite DNA markers. Molecular Ecology 6: 1123-1132.
    • (1997) Molecular Ecology , vol.6 , pp. 1123-1132
    • Gibbs, H.L.1    Prior, K.A.2    Weatherhead, P.J.3    Johnson, G.4
  • 25
    • 0002283686 scopus 로고
    • Thermal biology of the common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis (L.). II. The effects of melanism
    • Gibson AR, Falls JB. 1979. Thermal biology of the common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis (L.). II. The effects of melanism. Oecologia (Berl.) 43: 99-109.
    • (1979) Oecologia (Berl.) , vol.43 , pp. 99-109
    • Gibson, A.R.1    Falls, J.B.2
  • 26
    • 0030766607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ST Calc: A collection of computer programs for calculating estimates of genetic differentiation from microsatellite data and determining their significance
    • ST Calc: a collection of computer programs for calculating estimates of genetic differentiation from microsatellite data and determining their significance. Molecular Ecology 6: 881-885.
    • (1997) Molecular Ecology , vol.6 , pp. 881-885
    • Goodman, S.J.1
  • 28
    • 0033427602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of pair-wise genetic and geographic distance measures. Inferring the relative influences of gene flow and drift on the distribution of genetic variability
    • Hutchinson DW, Templeton AR. 1999. Correlation of pair-wise genetic and geographic distance measures. inferring the relative influences of gene flow and drift on the distribution of genetic variability. Evolution 53: 1898-1914.
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 1898-1914
    • Hutchinson, D.W.1    Templeton, A.R.2
  • 29
    • 0043015531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellites, from molecules to populations and back
    • Jarne P, Lagoda PJL. 1996. Microsatellites, from molecules to populations and back. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11: 424-429.
    • (1996) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.11 , pp. 424-429
    • Jarne, P.1    Lagoda, P.J.L.2
  • 30
    • 0023519328 scopus 로고
    • Color pattern polymorphism in the Lake Erie water snake, Nerodia sipedon insularum
    • King RB. 1987. Color pattern polymorphism in the Lake Erie water snake, Nerodia sipedon insularum. Evolution 41: 241-255.
    • (1987) Evolution , vol.41 , pp. 241-255
    • King, R.B.1
  • 31
    • 0024253299 scopus 로고
    • Polymorphic populations of the common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis near Lake Erie
    • King RB. 1988. Polymorphic populations of the common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis near Lake Erie. Herpetologica 44: 451-458.
    • (1988) Herpetologica , vol.44 , pp. 451-458
    • King, R.B.1
  • 32
    • 0027130657 scopus 로고
    • Color pattern variation in Lake Erie water snakes: Prediction and measurement of natural selection
    • King RB. 1993. Color pattern variation in Lake Erie water snakes: prediction and measurement of natural selection. Evolution 47: 1819-1833.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 1819-1833
    • King, R.B.1
  • 33
    • 0037976665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mendelian inheritance of melanism in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis
    • in press
    • King RB. 2003. Mendelian inheritance of melanism in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis. Herpetologica in press.
    • (2003) Herpetologica
    • King, R.B.1
  • 34
    • 0029200742 scopus 로고
    • Color-pattern variation in Lake Erie water snakes: The role of gene flow
    • King RB, Lawson R. 1995. Color-pattern variation in Lake Erie water snakes: the role of gene flow. Evolution 49: 885-896.
    • (1995) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 885-896
    • King, R.B.1    Lawson, R.2
  • 35
    • 0029669935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-linked inheritance of fumarate hydratase alleles in natricine snakes
    • King RB, Lawson R. 1996. Sex-linked inheritance of fumarate hydratase alleles in natricine snakes. Journal of Heredity 87: 81-83.
    • (1996) Journal of Heredity , vol.87 , pp. 81-83
    • King, R.B.1    Lawson, R.2
  • 36
    • 0035817454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of population subdivision and gene flow in three sympatric natricine snakes
    • King RB, Lawson R. 2001. Patterns of population subdivision and gene flow in three sympatric natricine snakes. Copeia 2001: 602-614.
    • (2001) Copeia , vol.2001 , pp. 602-614
    • King, R.B.1    Lawson, R.2
  • 37
    • 0037976668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lake Erie amphibians and reptiles, history, current status, and future trends
    • in press. Ciborowski J, ed. Toronto, ON, Canada: Canadian Scholar's Press
    • King RB, Oldham MJ. in press. Lake Erie amphibians and reptiles, history, current status, and future trends. In: Ciborowski J, ed. Lake Erie at the Millenium. Toronto, ON, Canada: Canadian Scholar's Press.
    • Lake Erie at the Millenium
    • King, R.B.1    Oldham, M.J.2
  • 38
    • 0030802263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historic and current amphibian and reptile distributions in the island region of western Lake Erie
    • King RB, Oldham MJ, Weller WF, Wynn D. 1997. Historic and current amphibian and reptile distributions in the island region of western Lake Erie. American Midland Naturalist 138: 153-173.
    • (1997) American Midland Naturalist , vol.138 , pp. 153-173
    • King, R.B.1    Oldham, M.J.2    Weller, W.F.3    Wynn, D.4
  • 39
    • 0032774011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical separation and present gene flow through a zone of secondary contact in ponderosa pine
    • Latta RG, Mitton JB. 1999. Historical separation and present gene flow through a zone of secondary contact in ponderosa pine. Evolution 53: 769-776.
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 769-776
    • Latta, R.G.1    Mitton, J.B.2
  • 41
    • 0030217884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae populations from East and West Africa. Comparison of microsatellite and allozyme loci
    • Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Kamau L, Fontenille D, Simard F, Collins FH. 1996. Genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae populations from East and West Africa. comparison of microsatellite and allozyme loci. Heredity 77: 192-208.
    • (1996) Heredity , vol.77 , pp. 192-208
    • Lehmann, T.1    Hawley, W.A.2    Kamau, L.3    Fontenille, D.4    Simard, F.5    Collins, F.H.6
  • 42
    • 0033452206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical patterns of genetic population structure in black rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta) as revealed by microsatellite DNA analysis
    • Lougheed SC, Gibbs HL, Prior KA, Weatherhead PJ. 1999. Hierarchical patterns of genetic population structure in black rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta) as revealed by microsatellite DNA analysis. Evolution 53: 1995-2001.
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 1995-2001
    • Lougheed, S.C.1    Gibbs, H.L.2    Prior, K.A.3    Weatherhead, P.J.4
  • 43
    • 0032747915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite markers and multiple paternity in the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis
    • McCracken GF, Burghardt GM, Houts SE. 1999. Microsatellite markers and multiple paternity in the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis. Molecular Ecology 8: 1475-1480.
    • (1999) Molecular Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 1475-1480
    • McCracken, G.F.1    Burghardt, G.M.2    Houts, S.E.3
  • 45
    • 0029278735 scopus 로고
    • Nonamplifying alleles at microsatellite loci: A caution for parentage and population studies
    • Pemberton JM, Slate J, Bancroft DR, Barrett JA. 1995. Nonamplifying alleles at microsatellite loci: a caution for parentage and population studies. Molecular Ecology 4: 249-252.
    • (1995) Molecular Ecology , vol.4 , pp. 249-252
    • Pemberton, J.M.1    Slate, J.2    Bancroft, D.R.3    Barrett, J.A.4
  • 46
    • 0033083939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microgeographic population genetic structure in the northern water snake, Nerodia sipedon sipedon detected using microsatellite DNA loci
    • Prosser MR, Gibbs HL, Weatherhead PJ. 1999. Microgeographic population genetic structure in the northern water snake, Nerodia sipedon sipedon detected using microsatellite DNA loci. Molecular Ecology 8: 329-333.
    • (1999) Molecular Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 329-333
    • Prosser, M.R.1    Gibbs, H.L.2    Weatherhead, P.J.3
  • 48
    • 0000262278 scopus 로고
    • GENEPOP (Version 1.2): Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism
    • Raymond M, Rousset F. 1995. GENEPOP (Version 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. Journal of Heredity 86: 248-249.
    • (1995) Journal of Heredity , vol.86 , pp. 248-249
    • Raymond, M.1    Rousset, F.2
  • 49
    • 0027804545 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of potential gene flow limitation of behavioral adaptation in an aridlands spider
    • Riechert SE. 1993. Investigation of potential gene flow limitation of behavioral adaptation in an aridlands spider. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 32: 355-363.
    • (1993) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.32 , pp. 355-363
    • Riechert, S.E.1
  • 50
    • 0016731849 scopus 로고
    • Gene frequency distributions as a test of selective neutrality
    • Robertson A. 1975. Gene frequency distributions as a test of selective neutrality. Genetics 81: 775-785.
    • (1975) Genetics , vol.81 , pp. 775-785
    • Robertson, A.1
  • 51
    • 0028980255 scopus 로고
    • Joint influence of gene flow and selection on a reproductively important genetic polymorphism in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta
    • Ross KG, Keller L. 1995. Joint influence of gene flow and selection on a reproductively important genetic polymorphism in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. American Naturalist 146: 325-348.
    • (1995) American Naturalist , vol.146 , pp. 325-348
    • Ross, K.G.1    Keller, L.2
  • 52
    • 0031948487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial scale of genetic structure and an indirect estimate of gene flow in eelgrass, Zostera marina
    • Ruckelshaus MH. 1998. Spatial scale of genetic structure and an indirect estimate of gene flow in eelgrass, Zostera marina. Evolution 52: 330-343.
    • (1998) Evolution , vol.52 , pp. 330-343
    • Ruckelshaus, M.H.1
  • 53
    • 0030272049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein and microsatellite single locus variability in Salmo salar L. (Atlantic salmon)
    • Sanchez JA, Clabby C, Ramos D, Blanco G, Flavin F, Vazquez E, Powell R. 1996. Protein and microsatellite single locus variability in Salmo salar L. (Atlantic salmon). Heredity 77: 423-432.
    • (1996) Heredity , vol.77 , pp. 423-432
    • Sanchez, J.A.1    Clabby, C.2    Ramos, D.3    Blanco, G.4    Flavin, F.5    Vazquez, E.6    Powell, R.7
  • 54
    • 0023159436 scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations
    • Slatkin M. 1987. Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations. Science 236: 787-792.
    • (1987) Science , vol.236 , pp. 787-792
    • Slatkin, M.1
  • 55
    • 0028816747 scopus 로고
    • A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies
    • Slatkin M. 1995. A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies. Genetics 139: 457-462.
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.139 , pp. 457-462
    • Slatkin, M.1
  • 57
    • 0032862117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and local adaptation in a sunfish-salamander system
    • Storfer A. 1999. Gene flow and local adaptation in a sunfish-salamander system. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 46: 273-279.
    • (1999) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.46 , pp. 273-279
    • Storfer, A.1
  • 58
    • 0032800592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive coloration and gene flow as a constraint to local adaptation in the streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri
    • Storfer A, Cross J, Rush V, Caruso J. 1999. Adaptive coloration and gene flow as a constraint to local adaptation in the streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri. Evolution 53: 889-898.
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 889-898
    • Storfer, A.1    Cross, J.2    Rush, V.3    Caruso, J.4
  • 59
    • 0025625524 scopus 로고
    • Different spatial scales of adaptation in the climbing behavior of Peromyscus maniculatus: Geographic variation, natural selection, and gene flow
    • Thompson DB. 1990. Different spatial scales of adaptation in the climbing behavior of Peromyscus maniculatus: geographic variation, natural selection, and gene flow. Evolution 44: 952-965.
    • (1990) Evolution , vol.44 , pp. 952-965
    • Thompson, D.B.1
  • 60
    • 0032436879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological and historical associations of gene flow in darters (Teleostei: Percidae)
    • Turner TF, Trexler JC. 1998. Ecological and historical associations of gene flow in darters (Teleostei: Percidae). Evolution 52: 1781-1801.
    • (1998) Evolution , vol.52 , pp. 1781-1801
    • Turner, T.F.1    Trexler, J.C.2
  • 61
    • 0031660754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating null allele frequencies at a microsatellite locus in the oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus)
    • Van Treuren R. 1998. Estimating null allele frequencies at a microsatellite locus in the oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus). Molecular Ecology 7: 1413-1417.
    • (1998) Molecular Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 1413-1417
    • Van Treuren, R.1
  • 62
    • 0024498122 scopus 로고
    • A generalized approach for estimating effective population size from temporal changes in allele frequency
    • Waples RS. 1989. A generalized approach for estimating effective population size from temporal changes in allele frequency. Genetics 121: 379-391.
    • (1989) Genetics , vol.121 , pp. 379-391
    • Waples, R.S.1
  • 63
    • 0021566877 scopus 로고
    • Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure
    • Weir BS, Cockerham CC. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38: 1358-1370.
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 1358-1370
    • Weir, B.S.1    Cockerham, C.C.2
  • 65
    • 0001771498 scopus 로고
    • Evolution in Mendelian populations
    • Wright S. 1931. Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics 16: 97-159.
    • (1931) Genetics , vol.16 , pp. 97-159
    • Wright, S.1
  • 66
    • 0001024012 scopus 로고
    • Isolation by distance
    • Wright S. 1943. Isolation by distance. Genetics 28: 114-138.
    • (1943) Genetics , vol.28 , pp. 114-138
    • Wright, S.1
  • 68
    • 0031894616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent non-Mendelian inheritance of melanism in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis
    • Zweifel RG. 1998. Apparent non-Mendelian inheritance of melanism in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis. Herpetologica 54: 83-87.
    • (1998) Herpetologica , vol.54 , pp. 83-87
    • Zweifel, R.G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.