Hierarchical patterns of genetic population structure in black rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta) as revealed by microsatellite DNA analysis

Evolution

Volumn 53, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 1995-2001

  Lougheed, Stephen C ^a   Gibbs, H Lisle ^b   Prior, Kent A ^c,d   Weatherhead, Patrick J ^c  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Elaphe obsoleta; Gene flow; Hibernacula; Microsatellites; Population structure; Snakes

Indexed keywords

GENE FLOW; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC STRUCTURE; POPULATION GENETICS; SNAKE;

CANADA; ONTARIO;

ELAPHE OBSOLETA;

EID: 0033452206     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04581.x     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Busbar, L. M., H. K. Reinert, and L. Gelbert. 1998. Genetic variation and gene flow within and between local populations of the timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus. Copeia 1998:411-422.
2. Conant, R., and J. T. Collins. 1991. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and central North America. 3d ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA.
3. Dawson, R. J. G., H. L. Gibbs, K. A. Hobson, and S. M. Yezerinac. 1997. Isolation of microsatellite markers from a passerine bird, the yellow warbler, Dendroica petechia, and their use in population studies. Heredity 79:506-514.
4. Dodd, C. K., Jr. 1993. Strategies of snake conservation. Pp. 363-393 in R. A. Seigel and J. T. Collins, eds. Snakes ecology and behavior. McGraw-Hill, Toronto, ON, Canada.
5. Durner, G. M., and J. E. Gates. 1993. Spatial ecology of black rat snakes on Remington Farms, Maryland. J. Wildl. Manage. 57: 812-826.
6. Ernst, C. H., and R. W. Barbour. 1989. Snakes of eastern North America. George Mason Univ. Press, Fairfax, VA.
7. Excoffier, L., P. Smouse, and J. Quattro. 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: Application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131:479-491.
8. Frankham, R. 1995. Effective population size/adult population size ratios in wildlife: a review. Genet. Res. 66:95-107.
9. Gannon, V. 1978. Factors limiting the distribution of the prairie rattlesnake. Blue Jay 36:142-144.
10. Gibbs, H. L., K. A. Prior, P. J. Weatherhead, and G. Johnson. 1997. Genetic structure of populations of the threatened eastern massasauga rattlesnake, Sistrurus c. catenatus: evidence from microsatellite DNA markers. Mol. Ecol. 6:1123-1132.
11. Gibbs, H. L., K. A. Prior, and C. Parent. 1998. Characterization of DNA microsatellite loci from a threatened snake, the eastern massasauga rattlesnake (Sistrurus c. catenatus) and their use in population studies. J. Hered. 89:169-173.
12. Goodman, S. J. 1997. RST CALC: a collection of computer programs for calculating unbiased estimates of genetic differentiation and determining their significance for microsatellite data. Mol. Ecol. 6:881-885.
13. Goodnight, K. L., D. C. Quellar, and T. Poznanasky. 1997. Kinship, version 1.1.2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX. http://www.bioc.rice.edu/~kfg/ GSoft.html.
14. Goudet, J. 1995. FSTAT version 1.2: a computer program to calculate F-statistics. J. Hered. 86:485-486.
15. Gregory, P. T. 1984. Communal denning in snakes. Pp. 57-75. in R. A. Seigel, L. E. Hunt, J. L. Knight, L. Malaret, and N. L. Zuschlag, eds. Vertebrate ecology and systematics: a tribute to Henry S. Fitch. Museum of Natural History. Univ. of Kannsas, Lawrence, KS.
16. Hartl, D. L., and A. G. Clark. 1989. Principles of population genetics. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
17. Kimura, M., and J. F. Crow. 1964. The number of alleles that can be maintained in a finite population. Genetics 49:725-738.
18. King, R. B. and R. Lawson. 1995. Color-pattern variation in Lake Erie water snakes: the role of gene flow. Evolution 49:885-896.
19. Larsen, K. W. 1987. Movements and behavior of migratory garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis. Can. J. Zool. 65:2241-2247.
20. Lawson, R., and R. B. King. 1996. Gene flow and melanism in Lake Erie garter snake populations. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 59:1-19.
21. Lawson, R., and C. S. Lieb. 1990. Variation and hybridization in Elaphe bairdi (Serpentes: Colubridae). J. Herpetol. 24:280-292.
22. Legendre, P., and A. Vaudor. 1991. The R package: multidimensional analysis, spatial analysis. Vers. 3.0. Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, PQ, Canada.
23. Madsen, T., B. Stille, and R. Shine. 1996. Inbreeding depression in an isolated population of adders Vipera berus. Biol. Conserv. 75:113-118.
24. Mantel, N. 1967. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res. 27:209-220.
25. Michalakis, Y., and L. Excoffier. 1996. A generic estimation of population subdivision using distances between alleles with special reference for microsatellite loci. Genetics 142:1061-1064.
26. Ohta, T., and M. Kimura. 1973. The model of mutation appropriate to estimate the number of electrophoretically detectable alleles in a genetic population. Genet. Res. 22:201-204.
27. Pemberton, J. M., J. Slate, D. R. Bancroft, and J. A. Barrett. 1995. Non-amplifying alleles at microsatellite loci: caution for parentage and population studies. Mol. Ecol. 4:249-252.
28. Prior, K. A., and P. J. Weatherhead. 1996. Habitat features of black rat snake hibernacula in Ontario. J. Herpetol. 30:211-218.
29. Prior, K. A., H. L. Gibbs, and P. J. Weatherhead. 1997. Population genetic structure in the black rat snake: implications for management. Conserv. Biol. 11:1147-1158.
30. Prosser, M. R., H. L. Gibbs, and P. J. Weatherhead. 1999. Microgeographic population structure in the northern watersnake detected using microsatellite DNA loci. Mol. Ecol. 8:329-333.
31. Queller, D. C., and K. F. Goodnight. 1989. Estimating relatedness using genetic markers. Evolution 242:258-275.
32. Rassman, K., C. Schlötter, and D. Tautz. 1991. Isolation of simple-sequence loci for use in polymerase chain reaction-based DNA fingerprinting. Electrophoresis 12:113-118.
33. Raymond, M., and F. Rousset. 1995. GENEPOP. Version 1.2. Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Hered. 86:248-249.
34. Reynolds, J., B. S. Weir, and C. C. Cockerham. 1983. Estimation of the coancestry coefficient: basis for a short-term genetic distance. Genetics 105:767-779.
35. Rice, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
36. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 2d ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
37. Schneider, S., J. M. Kueffer, D. Roessli, and L. Excoffier. 1997. Arlequin. Version 1.1. A software for population genetic data analysis. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
38. Schwaner, T. D. 1990. Geographic variation in scale and skeletal anomalies of tiger snakes (Elaphidae: Notechis scutatus-ater complex) in southern Australia. Copeia 1990:1168-1173.
39. Seutin, G., B. N. White, and P. T. Boag. 1991. Preservation of avian blood and tissue samples for DNA analysis. Can. J. Zool. 69: 82-90.
40. Slatkin, M. 1987. Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations. Science 236:787-792.
41. _. 1995a. A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies. Genetics 139:457-462.
42. _. 1995b. Hitchhiking and associative overdominance at a microsatellite locus. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:473-480.
43. Stickel, L. F., W. H. Stickel, and F. C. Schmid. 1980. Ecology of a Maryland population of black rat snakes (Elaphe o. obsoleta). Am. Midl. Nat. 103:1-14.
44. Sugg, D. W., R. K. Chesser, F. S. Dobson, and J. L. Hoogland. 1996. Population genetics meets behavioral ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11:338-342.
45. Wahlund, S. 1928. Zusammersetung von Populationen und Korrelation-sercheinungen von Standpunkt der Verebungslehre aus betrachtet. Hereditas 30:262-270.
46. Weatherhead, P. J., and D. J. Hoysak. 1988. Spatial and activity patterns of black rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta) from radiotelemetry and recapture data. Can. J. Zool. 67:463-468.
47. Weir, B. S. 1996. Intraspecific differentiation. Pp. 385-405 in D. A. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable, eds. Molecular systematics. 2d ed. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
48. Wright, S. J. 1943. Isolation by distance. Genetics 28:114-138.
49. _. 1969. Evolution and the genetics of populations. Vol. 2. The theory of gene frequencies. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.