메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 95, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 470-478

Variations in Lung cancer risk among smokers

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASBESTOS; BETA CAROTENE; PLACEBO; RETINOL;

EID: 0037454225     PISSN: 00278874     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/95.6.470     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (537)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0024801278 scopus 로고
    • Projecting individualized probabilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being examined annually
    • Gail MH, Brinton LA, Byar DP, Corle DK, Green SB, Schairer C, et al. Projecting individualized probabilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being examined annually. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:1879-86.
    • (1989) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.81 , pp. 1879-1886
    • Gail, M.H.1    Brinton, L.A.2    Byar, D.P.3    Corle, D.K.4    Green, S.B.5    Schairer, C.6
  • 2
    • 0032077901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in radiology and the real versus apparent effects of early diagnosis
    • Black WC. Advances in radiology and the real versus apparent effects of early diagnosis. Eur J Radiol 1998;27:116-22.
    • (1998) Eur. J. Radiol. , vol.27 , pp. 116-122
    • Black, W.C.1
  • 3
    • 0034674903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overdiagnosis: An underrecognized cause of confusion and harm in cancer screening
    • Black WC. Overdiagnosis: an underrecognized cause of confusion and harm in cancer screening. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:1280-2.
    • (2000) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.92 , pp. 1280-1282
    • Black, W.C.1
  • 5
    • 0028314403 scopus 로고
    • The beta-carotene and retinol efficacy trial (CARET) for chemoprevention of lung cancer in high risk populations: Smokers and asbestos-exposed workers
    • Omenn GS, Goodman G, Thornquist M, Grizzle J, Rosenstock L, Barnhart S, et al. The beta-carotene and retinol efficacy trial (CARET) for chemoprevention of lung cancer in high risk populations: smokers and asbestos-exposed workers. Cancer Res 1994;54:2038s-43s.
    • (1994) Cancer Res. , vol.54
    • Omenn, G.S.1    Goodman, G.2    Thornquist, M.3    Grizzle, J.4    Rosenstock, L.5    Barnhart, S.6
  • 6
    • 9244262406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease
    • Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, Balmes J, Cullen MR, Glass A, et al. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. New Engl J Med 1996;334:1150-5.
    • (1996) New Engl. J. Med. , vol.334 , pp. 1150-1155
    • Omenn, G.S.1    Goodman, G.E.2    Thornquist, M.D.3    Balmes, J.4    Cullen, M.R.5    Glass, A.6
  • 8
    • 85038454047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. decennial life tables for 1989-91
    • National Center for Health Statistics. No. 1. United States Life Tables. (PHS) 97-1150-1. Hyattsville (MD): Public Health Service. [Accessed 2/4/2003.] Available at:
    • National Center for Health Statistics. U.S. decennial life tables for 1989-91. Vol. 1, No. 1. United States Life Tables. (PHS) 97-1150-1. Hyattsville (MD): Public Health Service. p. 44. [Accessed 2/4/2003.] Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/lftbls/decenn/1991-89.htm.
    • , vol.1 , pp. 44
  • 9
    • 84888983527 scopus 로고
    • Surgeon General Report: Reducing the health consequences of smoking
    • [Accessed 1/31/2003.] Available at:
    • 9 Surgeon General Report: reducing the health consequences of smoking. [Accessed 1/31/2003.] Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_1989/1989SGRChapter3pdf. p. 148.
    • (1989) , pp. 148
  • 10
    • 0032886554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung cancer epidemiology and genetics
    • Bepler G. Lung cancer epidemiology and genetics. J Thorac Imaging 1999;14:228-34.
    • (1999) J. Thorac. Imaging , vol.14 , pp. 228-234
    • Bepler, G.1
  • 11
    • 0004005568 scopus 로고
    • The health consequences of smoking: Cancer
    • A report of the Surgeon General. DHHS Publ No. 82-50179. Rockville (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • The health consequences of smoking: cancer. A report of the Surgeon General. DHHS Publ No. 82-50179. Rockville (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1982.
    • (1982)
  • 13
    • 0030069896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariable prognostic models: Issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors
    • Harrell FE, Lee KL, Mark DB. Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med 1996;15:361-87.
    • (1996) Stat. Med. , vol.15 , pp. 361-387
    • Harrell, F.E.1    Lee, K.L.2    Mark, D.B.3
  • 14
    • 84945737762 scopus 로고
    • A leisurely look at the bootstrap, the jacknife, and cross-validation
    • Efron B, Gong G. A leisurely look at the bootstrap, the jacknife, and cross-validation. Am Stat 1983;37:36-48.
    • (1983) Am. Stat. , vol.37 , pp. 36-48
    • Efron, B.1    Gong, G.2
  • 15
    • 1842289823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resampling and cross-validation techniques: A tool to reduce bias caused by model building?
    • Schumacher M, Hollander N, Sauerbrei W. Resampling and cross-validation techniques: a tool to reduce bias caused by model building? Stat Med 1997;16:2813-27.
    • (1997) Stat. Med. , vol.16 , pp. 2813-2827
    • Schumacher, M.1    Hollander, N.2    Sauerbrei, W.3
  • 16
    • 84935761346 scopus 로고
    • Methods for measuring the concentration of wealth
    • Lorenz MO. Methods for measuring the concentration of wealth. Am Stat Assoc 1905;9:209-19.
    • (1905) Am. Stat. Assoc. , vol.9 , pp. 209-219
    • Lorenz, M.O.1
  • 18
    • 85038479391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Lung Screening Trial. National Cancer Institute. [Accessed: 1/6/] Available at:
    • National Lung Screening Trial. National Cancer Institute. [Accessed: 1/6/2003.] Available at: http://cancer.gov/nlst.
    • (2003)
  • 19
    • 0003732572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression modeling strategies: With applications to linear models, logisitic regression, and survival analysis
    • New York (NY): Springer
    • Harrell FE. Regression modeling strategies: with applications to linear models, logisitic regression, and survival analysis. New York (NY): Springer, 2001.
    • (2001)
    • Harrell, F.E.1
  • 20
    • 0037616996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SEER cancer statistics review, 1973-1998
    • Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; 2001. [Accessed 1/30/] Available at:
    • Ries LA, Eisner MP, Kosary CL, Hankey BF, Miller BA, Clegg L, et al. SEER cancer statistics review, 1973-1998. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; 2001. [Accessed 1/30/2003.] Available at: http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1973_1998/.
    • (2003)
    • Ries, L.A.1    Eisner, M.P.2    Kosary, C.L.3    Hankey, B.F.4    Miller, B.A.5    Clegg, L.6
  • 22
    • 0037075258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct-to-consumer marketing of high-technology screening tests
    • Lee TH, Brennan TA. Direct-to-consumer marketing of high-technology screening tests. New Engl J Med 2002;346:529-31.
    • (2002) New Engl. J. Med. , vol.346 , pp. 529-531
    • Lee, T.H.1    Brennan, T.A.2
  • 23
    • 0037248808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for lung cancer: A review of the current literature
    • Bach PB, Kelley MJ, Tate RC, McCrory DC. Screening for lung cancer: a review of the current literature. Chest 2003;123(1 Suppl):72S-82S.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.123 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Bach, P.B.1    Kelley, M.J.2    Tate, R.C.3    McCrory, D.C.4
  • 25
    • 0003193619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung screening study ties up advisors, board sends it back to NCI for revision
    • Lung screening study ties up advisors, board sends it back to NCI for revision. Cancer Lett 2001;27:1-4.
    • (2001) Cancer Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 1-4
  • 26
    • 0027164433 scopus 로고
    • Are female smokers at higher risk for lung cancer than male smokers? A case-control analysis by histologic type
    • Risch HA, Howe GR, Jain M, Burch JD, Holowaty EJ, Miller AB. Are female smokers at higher risk for lung cancer than male smokers? A case-control analysis by histologic type. Am J Epidemiol 1993;138:281-93.
    • (1993) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.138 , pp. 281-293
    • Risch, H.A.1    Howe, G.R.2    Jain, M.3    Burch, J.D.4    Holowaty, E.J.5    Miller, A.B.6
  • 27
    • 0027284350 scopus 로고
    • Race and sex differences in lung cancer risk associated with cigarette smoking
    • Harris RE, Zang EA, Anderson JI, Wynder EL. Race and sex differences in lung cancer risk associated with cigarette smoking. Int J Epidemiol 1993;22:592-9.
    • (1993) Int. J. Epidemiol. , vol.22 , pp. 592-599
    • Harris, R.E.1    Zang, E.A.2    Anderson, J.I.3    Wynder, E.L.4
  • 28
    • 0030056868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in lung cancer risk between men and women: Examination of the evidence
    • Zang EA, Wynder EL. Differences in lung cancer risk between men and women: examination of the evidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:183-92.
    • (1996) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.88 , pp. 183-192
    • Zang, E.A.1    Wynder, E.L.2
  • 29
    • 0035824082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex, smoking, and cancer: A reappraisal
    • Perneger TV. Sex, smoking, and cancer: a reappraisal. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:1600-2.
    • (2001) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.93 , pp. 1600-1602
    • Perneger, T.V.1
  • 30
    • 0033989708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in lung cancer risk by smoking: A multicentre case-control study in Germany and Italy
    • Kreuzer M, Boffetta P, Whitley E, Ahrens W, Gaborieau V, Heinrich J, et al. Gender differences in lung cancer risk by smoking: a multicentre case-control study in Germany and Italy. Br J Cancer 2000;82:227-33.
    • (2000) Br. J. Cancer , vol.82 , pp. 227-233
    • Kreuzer, M.1    Boffetta, P.2    Whitley, E.3    Ahrens, W.4    Gaborieau, V.5    Heinrich, J.6
  • 31
    • 0027155408 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in lung-cancer risk associated with cigarette smoking
    • Osann KE, Anton-Culver H, Kurosaki T, Taylor T. Sex differences in lung-cancer risk associated with cigarette smoking. Int J Cancer 1993;54:44-8.
    • (1993) Int. J. Cancer , vol.54 , pp. 44-48
    • Osann, K.E.1    Anton-Culver, H.2    Kurosaki, T.3    Taylor, T.4
  • 32
    • 0031975406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and smoking-related risk of lung cancer
    • The Copenhagen Center for Prospective Population Studies
    • Prescott E, Osler M, Hein HO, Borch-Johnsen K, Lange P, Schnohr P, et al. Gender and smoking-related risk of lung cancer. The Copenhagen Center for Prospective Population Studies. Epidemiology 1998;9:79-83.
    • (1998) Epidemiology , vol.9 , pp. 79-83
    • Prescott, E.1    Osler, M.2    Hein, H.O.3    Borch-Johnsen, K.4    Lange, P.5    Schnohr, P.6
  • 33
    • 0022854025 scopus 로고
    • Influence of dose and duration of smoking on lung cancer rates
    • Peto R. Influence of dose and duration of smoking on lung cancer rates. IARC Sci Publ 1986;(74):23-33.
    • (1986) IARC Sci. Publ. , vol.74 , pp. 23-33
    • Peto, R.1
  • 34
    • 0027399003 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of absolute risk of lung cancer mortality in former smokers
    • Halpern MT, Gillespie BW, Warner KE. Patterns of absolute risk of lung cancer mortality in former smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:457-64.
    • (1993) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.85 , pp. 457-464
    • Halpern, M.T.1    Gillespie, B.W.2    Warner, K.E.3
  • 35
    • 0026563639 scopus 로고
    • The health benefits of smoking cessation
    • Samet JM. The health benefits of smoking cessation. Med Clin North Am 1992;76:399-414.
    • (1992) Med. Clin. North Am. , vol.76 , pp. 399-414
    • Samet, J.M.1
  • 38
    • 0031577130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The smoking gun and the damage done: Genetic alterations in the lungs of smokers
    • Fearon ER. The smoking gun and the damage done: genetic alterations in the lungs of smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997;89:834-6.
    • (1997) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.89 , pp. 834-836
    • Fearon, E.R.1
  • 39
    • 0033574245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the generalizability of prognostic information
    • Justice AC, Covinsky KE, Berlin JA. Assessing the generalizability of prognostic information. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:515-24.
    • (1999) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.130 , pp. 515-524
    • Justice, A.C.1    Covinsky, K.E.2    Berlin, J.A.3
  • 41
    • 0035760864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of poor prognostic features among patients requiring mechanical ventilation after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
    • Bach PB, Schrag D, Nierman DM, Horak D, White PJ, Young JW, et al. Identification of poor prognostic features among patients requiring mechanical ventilation after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2001;98:3234-40.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.98 , pp. 3234-3240
    • Bach, P.B.1    Schrag, D.2    Nierman, D.M.3    Horak, D.4    White, P.J.5    Young, J.W.6
  • 42
    • 0035118008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The search for cancer risk factors: When can we stop looking?
    • Begg CB. The search for cancer risk factors: when can we stop looking? Am J Public Health 2001;91:360-4.
    • (2001) Am. J. Public Health , vol.91 , pp. 360-364
    • Begg, C.B.1
  • 44
    • 0032537990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: Report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study
    • Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, Redmond CK, Kavanah M, Cronin WM, et al. Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:1371-88.
    • (1998) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.90 , pp. 1371-1388
    • Fisher, B.1    Costantino, J.P.2    Wickerham, D.L.3    Redmond, C.K.4    Kavanah, M.5    Cronin, W.M.6
  • 46
    • 0001069248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and mortality: The Kaiser Permanente experience. Changes in cigarette-related disease risks and their implications for prevention and control
    • Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 8. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute
    • Friedman GD, Tekawa I, Sadler M, Sidney S. Smoking and mortality: the Kaiser Permanente experience. Changes in cigarette-related disease risks and their implications for prevention and control. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 8. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; 1997. p. 477-97.
    • (1997) , pp. 477-497
    • Friedman, G.D.1    Tekawa, I.2    Sadler, M.3    Sidney, S.4
  • 48
    • 0032803858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation and mortality trends among 118,000 Californians, 1960-1997
    • Enstrom JE, Heath CW. Smoking cessation and mortality trends among 118,000 Californians, 1960-1997. Epidemiology 1999;10:500-12.
    • (1999) Epidemiology , vol.10 , pp. 500-512
    • Enstrom, J.E.1    Heath, C.W.2
  • 49
    • 0034037922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levelling-off of the risk of lung and bladder cancer in heavy smokers: An analysis based on multicentric case-control studies and a metabolic interpretation
    • Vineis P, Kogevinas M, Simonato L, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Levelling-off of the risk of lung and bladder cancer in heavy smokers: an analysis based on multicentric case-control studies and a metabolic interpretation. Mutat Res 2000;463:103-10.
    • (2000) Mutat. Res. , vol.463 , pp. 103-110
    • Vineis, P.1    Kogevinas, M.2    Simonato, L.3    Brennan, P.4    Boffetta, P.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.