Renewable fuels and chemicals by thermal processing of biomass

Chemical Engineering Journal

Volumn 91, Issue 2-3, 2003, Pages 87-102

  Bridgwater, A V ^a  

^a ASTON UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bio fuels; Gasification; Pyrolysis; Renewable energy; Thermal processing

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL REACTORS; OPTIMIZATION; THERMAL EFFECTS;

RENEWABLE FUELS;

BIOMASS;

BIOMASS; GASIFICATION; PROCESSING TECHNIQUE; PYROLYSIS; RENEWABLE RESOURCE;

EID: 0037443297     PISSN: 13858947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1385-8947(02)00142-0     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. European Commission, Communication from the Commission: Energy for the Future: Renewable Energy Sources-White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan. COM (97) 599, Final of 26.11.97, Brussels, 1997.
2. International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2000, IEA, Paris, 2000.
3. IEA Bioenergy, The Role of Bioenergy in Greenhouse Gas Mitigation, Position Paper, IEA Bioenergy, New Zealand, 1998.
4. H.A.M. Knoef, Inventory of Biomass Gasifier Manufacturers and Installations, Final Report to European Commission, Contract DIS/ 1734/98-NL, Biomass Technology Group B.V., University of Twente, Enschede, 2000 (see http://btgs1.ct.utwente.nl/).
5. M. Walker, G. Jackson, G.V.C. Peacocke, Small scale biomass gasification: Development of a gas cleaning system for power generation, in: A.V. Bridgwater (Ed.), Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 2001, pp. 441-451.
6. UK DTI New Review No. 35, see website: http://www.dti.gov.uk/NewReview/ nr35/html/gasifier.html.
7. H.A.M. Knoef, A.V. Hunnik, A. van Pourkamal, G.J. Buffinga, Value engineering study of a 150 kWe downdraft gasification system, Final Report For: Shell Renewables and Novem, May 2000.
8. Fluidyne, see "Fluidyne Special Project.pdf" downloadable from web-site: http://www.fluidynenz.250x.com/anniversary.htm.
9. The System Johansson Gasifier, see web-site: http://www. eskomenterprises.co.za/Casestudies/TSIcases/systemjohansson.htm.
10. R. McLellan, Design of a 2.5 MWe biomass gasification power generation module, ETSU Report B/T1/00569/REP, AEA, Harwell, UK, 2000.
11. See website http://www.volund.dk/rd2.html.
12. E. Kurkela, PROGAS-gasification and pyrolysis R&D programme 1997-1999, in: K. Sipila, M. Korhonen (Eds.), Power Production from Biomass III, Gasification and Pyrolysis R&D&D for Industry, VTT Symposium, Vol. 192, VTT Espoo, 1999.
13. See website: http://www.energyproducts.com/EPISearchPage.htm.
14. K. Salo, A. Horwath, Minnesota agri-power project (MAP), in: K. Sipila, M. Korhonen (Eds.), Power Production from Biomass III, Gasification & Pyrolysis R&D&D for Industry, VTT Symposium, Vol. 192, VTT Espoo, 1999.
15. J. De Ruyck, G. Allard, K. Maniatis, An externally fired evaporative gas turbine cycle for small scale biomass CHP production, in: P. Chartier, et al. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth European Bioenergy conference, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1996.
16. H. Hofbauer, R. Rauch, Stoichiometric water consumption of steam gasification by the FICFB-gasification process, in: A.V. Bridgwater (Ed.), Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 2001, pp. 199-208.
17. L. Waldheim, M. Morris, M.R.L.V. Leal, Biomass power generation: Sugar cane bagasse and trash, in: A.V. Bridgwater (Ed.), Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 2001, pp. 509-523.
18. H. Vierrath, C. Greil, Energy and electricity from biomass, forestry and agricultural waste, in: S. Kyritsis, A.A.C.M. Beenackers, P. Helm, A. Grassi, D. Chiaramonti (Eds.), Proceedings of the First World Biomass Conference, Proceedings the First World Conference and Exhibition on Biomass for Energy and Industry, James & James, 2001.
19. J. Nieminen, Biomass CFB gasifier connected to a 350 MWth steam boiler fired with coal and natural gas-THERMIE demonstration project in Lahti, Finland, in: K. Sipila, M. Korhonen (Eds.), Power Production from Biomass III, Gasification & Pyrolysis R&D&D for Industry, VTT Symposium, Vol. 192, VTT Espoo, 1999.
20. M.A. Paisley, R.P. Overend, M.C. Farris, Preliminary operating results from Battelle/FERCO gasification demonstration plant in Burlington, Vermont, USA, in: Proceedings of the First World Biomass Conference, Elsevier, 2001.
21. C. Heermann, F.J. Schwager, K.J. Whiting, Pyrolysis and Gasification of Waste, Vol. 2, Juniper Consultancy Services, UK, 2000.
22. K. Ståhl, M. Neergaard, J. Nieminen, Final Report: Värnamo demonstration programme in: A.V. Bridgwater (Ed.), Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 2001, pp. 549-563.
23. A.V. Bridgwater, Catalysis in thermal biomass conversion, Appl. Catal. A 116 (1-2) (1994) 5-47.
24. K. Maniatis, Progress in biomass gasification: An overview, in: A.V. Bridgwater (Ed.), Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 2001, pp. 1-32.
25. A.V. Bridgwater, The technical and economic feasibility of biomass gasification for power generation, Fuel 74 (5) (1995) 631-653. ISSN 0016-2361.
26. A.J. Limbrick, TASK 28 Annual Report, IEA Bioenergy, Task 28 Solid Biomass Fuels Standardisation & Classification, Rotorua, 2000.
27. L. van de Beld, Cleaning of hot producer gas in a catalytic, reverse flow reactor, Final Report For: Novem (EWAB Programme, Report no. 9605) and European Commission (AIR Programme, AIR-CT93-1436).
28. K. Maniatis, Overview of EU THERMIE gasification projects, in: K. Sipila, M. Korhonen (Eds.), Power Production from Biomass III, Gasification & Pyrolysis R&D&D for Industry, VTT Symposium, Vol. 192, VTT Espoo, 1999.
29. R. Costello, An overview of the US Department of Energy's biomass power program, in: K. Sipila, M. Korhonen (Eds.), Power Production from Biomass III, Gasification & Pyrolysis R&D&D for Industry, VTT Symposium, Vol. 192, VTT Espoo, 1999.
30. European Commission, Proposal for a Directive on the Promotion of Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources in the Internal Electricity market, COM (2000) 279, of 10.05.00, Brussels, 2000.
31. A.A.C.M. Beenackers, Bio-energy implementation: Constraints for large scale commercialisation, in: S. Kyritsis, A.A.C.M. Beenackers, P. Helm, A. Grassi, D. Chiaramonti (Eds.), Proceedings of the First World Conference and Exhibition on Biomass for Energy & Industry, Conclusions of Workshop, James & James, 2001.
32. G. Harrisson, D.A. Fell, N.M. McDonald, A.J. Limbrick, D.C. Pike, A study of market constraints on the development of power from biomass, Final Report, EC THERMIE contract STR-1125-96/UK, Green Land Reclamation Ltd., Berkshire, 1998.
33. K. Maniatis, E. Millich, Energy from biomass and waste: The contribution of utility scale biomass gasification plants, in: A.A.C.M. Beenackers, K. Maniatis (Eds.), International Biomass Gasification Utility Scale Demonstration Projects, Bioenergy, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1998.
34. A.V. Bridgwater, G.V.C. Peacocke, Fast pyrolysis processes for biomass, Sustain. Renew. Energy Rev. 4 (1) (1999) 1-73.
35. D.S. Scott, J. Piskorz, D. Radlein, Liquid products from the continuous flash pyrolysis of biomass, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 24 (1985) 581-588;
36. D.S. Scott, J. Piskorz, P. Majerski, D. Radlein, Fast pyrolysis of biomass for recovery of exotic chemicals, in: A.V. Bridgwater, D.G.B. Boocock (Eds.), Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackie, London, 1997.
37. A. Cuevas, C. Reinoso, D.S. Scott, Pyrolysis oil production and its perspectives, in: Proceedings of the Conference on Power production from Biomass II, VTT, Espoo, March 1995.
38. A. Robson, PyNe Newsletter No. 11, Aston University, UK, June 2001, pp. 1-2. ISSN 1470-3521.
39. R. McLellan, PyNe Newsletter No. 10, Aston University, Birmingham, UK, December 2000, 12 pp. ISSN 1470-3521.
40. http://www.ensyn.com/rtp.htm.
41. I. Boukis, M.E. Gyftopoulou, I. Papamichael, Biomass fast pyrolysis in an air-blown circulating fluidized bed reactor, in: A.V. Bridgwater (Ed.), Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 2001.
42. J. Lédé, J. Panagopoulos, H.Z. Li, J. Villermaux, Fast pyrolysis of wood: Direct measurement and study of ablation rate, Fuel 64 (1985) 1514-1520.
43. J.P. Diebold, J. Scahill, in: E.J. Soltes, T.A. Milne (Eds.), Production of Primary Pyrolysis Oils in a Vortex Reactor in Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass, ACS, Washington, D.C., 1988, pp. 31-40.
44. G.V.C. Peacocke, A.V. Bridgwater, Ablative plate pyrolysis of biomass for liquids, Biomass Bionergy 7 (1-6) (1995) 147-154.
45. R.J. Kovac, D.J. O'Neil, in: G.L. Ferrero, K. Maniatis, A. Buekens, A.V. Bridgwater (Eds.), The Georgia Tech Entrained Flow Pyrolysis Process, Pyrolysis and Gasification, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989, pp. 169-179.
46. K. Maniatis, J. Baeyens, H. Peeters, G. Roggeman, The Egemin flash pyrolysis process: Commissioning and results, in: A.V. Bridgwater (Ed.), Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackie, London, 1993, pp. 1257-1264.
47. W. Prins, B.M. Wagenaar, in: A.V. Bridgwater, M.K. Kaltschmitt (Eds.), Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis, CPL, 1997, pp. 316-326.
48. B.M. Wagenaar, R.H. Venderbosch, J. Carrasco, R. Strenziok, B.J. van der Aa, Rotating cone bio-oil production and applications, in: A.V. Bridgwater (Ed.), Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 2001.
49. J. Yang, D. Blanchette, B. de Caumia, C. Roy, Modelling, scale-up and demonstration of a vacuum pyrolysis reactor, in: A.V. Bridgwater (Ed.), Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 2001.
50. J.P. Diebold, S. Czernik, J.W. Scahill, S.D. Philips, C.J. Feik, Hot-gas filtration to remove char from pyrolysis vapours produced in the vortex reactor at NREL, in: TA Milne (Ed.), Proceedings of the Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Properties and Combustion Meeting, NREL, 1994, pp. 90-108.
51. D.R. Huffman, A.J. Vogiatzis, A.V. Bridgwater, The characterisation of RTP bio-oils, in: A.V. Bridgwater (Ed.), Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993.
52. D.S. Scott, J. Piskorz, The flash pyrolysis of Aspen-Poplar wood, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 60 (1982) 666-674.
53. J.P. Diebold, A review of the chemical and physical mechanisms of the storage stability of fast pyrolysis bio-oils, in: A.V. Bridgwate (Ed.), Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Handbook, vol. 2, CPL Press, Newbury, UK, 2002, pp. 243-292.
54. J.P. Diebold, T.A. Milne, S. Czernik, A. Oasmaa, A.V. Bridgwater, A. Cuevas, S. Gust, D. Huffman, J. Piskorz, Proposed specifications for various grades of pyrolysis oils, in: A.V. Bridgwater, D.G.B. Boocock (Eds.), Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackie, London, 1997, pp. 433-447.
55. M. Ikura, M. Slamak, H. Sawatzky, Pyrolysis liquid-in-diesel oil microemulsions, US Patent 5,820,640 (1998).
56. P. Baglioni, D. Chiaramonti, M. Bonini, I. Soldaini, G. Tondi, BCO/Diesel oil emulsification: Main achievements of the emulsi-fication process and preliminary results of tests on diesel engine, in: A.V. Bridgwater (Ed.), Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 2001.
57. J.P. Diebold, S. Czernik, Additives to lower and stabilize the viscosity of pyrolysis oils during storage, Energy Fuels 11 (1997) 1081-1091.
58. R. Maggi, D. Elliott, in: A.V. Bridgwater, D.G.B. Boocock (Eds.), Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Blackie, London, 1997, pp. 575-588.
59. A.V. Bridgwater, Production of high grade fuels and chemicals from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, Catal. Today 29 (1996) 285-295.
60. A.V. Bridgwater, Catalysis in thermal biomass conversion, Appl. Catal. A 116 (1-2) (1994) 5-47.
61. A.V. Bridgwater, A.J. Toft, J.G. Brammer, A technoeconomic comparison of power production by biomass fast pyrolysis with gasification and combustion, Sustain. Renew. Energy Rev. 6 (3) (2002) 181-248.
62. P. Thornley, E. Wright, Evaluation of bio-energy projects, PyNe Final Report to the EC, October 2001.