Complexation of a carbon nanoring with fullerenes

Angewandte Chemie - International Edition

Volumn 42, Issue 14, 2003, Pages 1624-1628

  Kawase, Takeshi ^a   Tanaka, Kenji ^a   Fujiwara, Naoki ^a   Darabi, Hossein R ^a   Oda, Masaji ^a  

^a OSAKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cyclophanes; Fullerenes; Host guest systems; Inclusion compounds; Noncovalent interactions

Indexed keywords

COMPLEXATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY;

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS;

FULLERENES;

FULLERENE;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ANISOTROPY; ARTICLE; CARBON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; COMPLEX FORMATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; NANOPARTICLE; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

EID: 0037432914     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/anie.200250728     Document Type: Article

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9. The synthetic challenges for belt-shaped conjugated systems: a) E. Vögtle, Top. Curr. Chem. 1983, 115, 157-159; b) P. R. Ashton, N. S. Isaacs, F. H. Kohnke, A. M. Z. Slawin, C. M. Spencer, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 981-983; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 966-969; c) F. Diederich, Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, R. L. Whetten, K. E. Schriver, K. N. Houk, Y. Li, Science 1989, 245, 1088-1090; d) Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, F. Diederich, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1607-1617; e) Y. Tobe, T. Fujii, H. Matsumoto, K. Naemura, Y. Achiba, T. Wakabayashi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2758-2759; f) R. Friederich, M. Neiger, E Vögtle, Chem. Ber. 1993, 126, 1723-1732; g) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, A. J. Dikmans, J. J. Vittal, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1983-1986; h) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1987-1990.
10. The synthetic challenges for belt-shaped conjugated systems: a) E. Vögtle, Top. Curr. Chem. 1983, 115, 157-159; b) P. R. Ashton, N. S. Isaacs, F. H. Kohnke, A. M. Z. Slawin, C. M. Spencer, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 981-983; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 966-969; c) F. Diederich, Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, R. L. Whetten, K. E. Schriver, K. N. Houk, Y. Li, Science 1989, 245, 1088-1090; d) Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, F. Diederich, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1607-1617; e) Y. Tobe, T. Fujii, H. Matsumoto, K. Naemura, Y. Achiba, T. Wakabayashi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2758-2759; f) R. Friederich, M. Neiger, E Vögtle, Chem. Ber. 1993, 126, 1723-1732; g) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, A. J. Dikmans, J. J. Vittal, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1983-1986; h) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1987-1990.
11. The synthetic challenges for belt-shaped conjugated systems: a) E. Vögtle, Top. Curr. Chem. 1983, 115, 157-159; b) P. R. Ashton, N. S. Isaacs, F. H. Kohnke, A. M. Z. Slawin, C. M. Spencer, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 981-983; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 966-969; c) F. Diederich, Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, R. L. Whetten, K. E. Schriver, K. N. Houk, Y. Li, Science 1989, 245, 1088-1090; d) Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, F. Diederich, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1607-1617; e) Y. Tobe, T. Fujii, H. Matsumoto, K. Naemura, Y. Achiba, T. Wakabayashi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2758-2759; f) R. Friederich, M. Neiger, E Vögtle, Chem. Ber. 1993, 126, 1723-1732; g) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, A. J. Dikmans, J. J. Vittal, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1983-1986; h) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1987-1990.
12. The synthetic challenges for belt-shaped conjugated systems: a) E. Vögtle, Top. Curr. Chem. 1983, 115, 157-159; b) P. R. Ashton, N. S. Isaacs, F. H. Kohnke, A. M. Z. Slawin, C. M. Spencer, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 981-983; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 966-969; c) F. Diederich, Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, R. L. Whetten, K. E. Schriver, K. N. Houk, Y. Li, Science 1989, 245, 1088-1090; d) Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, F. Diederich, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1607-1617; e) Y. Tobe, T. Fujii, H. Matsumoto, K. Naemura, Y. Achiba, T. Wakabayashi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2758-2759; f) R. Friederich, M. Neiger, E Vögtle, Chem. Ber. 1993, 126, 1723-1732; g) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, A. J. Dikmans, J. J. Vittal, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1983-1986; h) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1987-1990.
13. The synthetic challenges for belt-shaped conjugated systems: a) E. Vögtle, Top. Curr. Chem. 1983, 115, 157-159; b) P. R. Ashton, N. S. Isaacs, F. H. Kohnke, A. M. Z. Slawin, C. M. Spencer, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 981-983; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 966-969; c) F. Diederich, Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, R. L. Whetten, K. E. Schriver, K. N. Houk, Y. Li, Science 1989, 245, 1088-1090; d) Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, F. Diederich, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1607-1617; e) Y. Tobe, T. Fujii, H. Matsumoto, K. Naemura, Y. Achiba, T. Wakabayashi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2758-2759; f) R. Friederich, M. Neiger, E Vögtle, Chem. Ber. 1993, 126, 1723-1732; g) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, A. J. Dikmans, J. J. Vittal, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1983-1986; h) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1987-1990.
14. The synthetic challenges for belt-shaped conjugated systems: a) E. Vögtle, Top. Curr. Chem. 1983, 115, 157-159; b) P. R. Ashton, N. S. Isaacs, F. H. Kohnke, A. M. Z. Slawin, C. M. Spencer, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 981-983; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 966-969; c) F. Diederich, Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, R. L. Whetten, K. E. Schriver, K. N. Houk, Y. Li, Science 1989, 245, 1088-1090; d) Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, F. Diederich, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1607-1617; e) Y. Tobe, T. Fujii, H. Matsumoto, K. Naemura, Y. Achiba, T. Wakabayashi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2758-2759; f) R. Friederich, M. Neiger, E Vögtle, Chem. Ber. 1993, 126, 1723-1732; g) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, A. J. Dikmans, J. J. Vittal, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1983-1986; h) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1987-1990.
15. The synthetic challenges for belt-shaped conjugated systems: a) E. Vögtle, Top. Curr. Chem. 1983, 115, 157-159; b) P. R. Ashton, N. S. Isaacs, F. H. Kohnke, A. M. Z. Slawin, C. M. Spencer, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 981-983; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 966-969; c) F. Diederich, Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, R. L. Whetten, K. E. Schriver, K. N. Houk, Y. Li, Science 1989, 245, 1088-1090; d) Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, F. Diederich, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1607-1617; e) Y. Tobe, T. Fujii, H. Matsumoto, K. Naemura, Y. Achiba, T. Wakabayashi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2758-2759; f) R. Friederich, M. Neiger, E Vögtle, Chem. Ber. 1993, 126, 1723-1732; g) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, A. J. Dikmans, J. J. Vittal, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1983-1986; h) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1987-1990.
16. The synthetic challenges for belt-shaped conjugated systems: a) E. Vögtle, Top. Curr. Chem. 1983, 115, 157-159; b) P. R. Ashton, N. S. Isaacs, F. H. Kohnke, A. M. Z. Slawin, C. M. Spencer, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 981-983; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 966-969; c) F. Diederich, Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, R. L. Whetten, K. E. Schriver, K. N. Houk, Y. Li, Science 1989, 245, 1088-1090; d) Y. Rubin, C. B. Knobler, F. Diederich, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1607-1617; e) Y. Tobe, T. Fujii, H. Matsumoto, K. Naemura, Y. Achiba, T. Wakabayashi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2758-2759; f) R. Friederich, M. Neiger, E Vögtle, Chem. Ber. 1993, 126, 1723-1732; g) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, A. J. Dikmans, J. J. Vittal, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1983-1986; h) R. M. Cory, C. L. McPhail, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1987-1990.
17. Some belt-shaped conjugated systems have been reported since the first synthesis by Herges and co-workers, however, the host properties have not been reported so far: a) S. Kammermeier, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 470-472; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 417-419; b) T. Kawase, H. R. Darabi, M. Oda, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2803-2805; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2664-2666; c) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996,108, 2834-2836; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2669-2671; d) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2317-2319; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2200-2202; e) T. Kawase, N. Ueda, K. Tanaka, Y. Seirai, M. Oda, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 5509-5511; f) M. Ohkita, K. Ando, T. Tsuji, Chem. Commun. 2001, 2570-2571.
18. Some belt-shaped conjugated systems have been reported since the first synthesis by Herges and co-workers, however, the host properties have not been reported so far: a) S. Kammermeier, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 470-472; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 417-419; b) T. Kawase, H. R. Darabi, M. Oda, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2803-2805; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2664-2666; c) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996,108, 2834-2836; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2669-2671; d) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2317-2319; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2200-2202; e) T. Kawase, N. Ueda, K. Tanaka, Y. Seirai, M. Oda, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 5509-5511; f) M. Ohkita, K. Ando, T. Tsuji, Chem. Commun. 2001, 2570-2571.
19. Some belt-shaped conjugated systems have been reported since the first synthesis by Herges and co-workers, however, the host properties have not been reported so far: a) S. Kammermeier, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 470-472; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 417-419; b) T. Kawase, H. R. Darabi, M. Oda, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2803-2805; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2664-2666; c) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996,108, 2834-2836; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2669-2671; d) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2317-2319; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2200-2202; e) T. Kawase, N. Ueda, K. Tanaka, Y. Seirai, M. Oda, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 5509-5511; f) M. Ohkita, K. Ando, T. Tsuji, Chem. Commun. 2001, 2570-2571.
20. Some belt-shaped conjugated systems have been reported since the first synthesis by Herges and co-workers, however, the host properties have not been reported so far: a) S. Kammermeier, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 470-472; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 417-419; b) T. Kawase, H. R. Darabi, M. Oda, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2803-2805; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2664-2666; c) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996,108, 2834-2836; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2669-2671; d) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2317-2319; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2200-2202; e) T. Kawase, N. Ueda, K. Tanaka, Y. Seirai, M. Oda, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 5509-5511; f) M. Ohkita, K. Ando, T. Tsuji, Chem. Commun. 2001, 2570-2571.
21. Some belt-shaped conjugated systems have been reported since the first synthesis by Herges and co-workers, however, the host properties have not been reported so far: a) S. Kammermeier, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 470-472; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 417-419; b) T. Kawase, H. R. Darabi, M. Oda, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2803-2805; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2664-2666; c) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996,108, 2834-2836; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2669-2671; d) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2317-2319; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2200-2202; e) T. Kawase, N. Ueda, K. Tanaka, Y. Seirai, M. Oda, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 5509-5511; f) M. Ohkita, K. Ando, T. Tsuji, Chem. Commun. 2001, 2570-2571.
22. Some belt-shaped conjugated systems have been reported since the first synthesis by Herges and co-workers, however, the host properties have not been reported so far: a) S. Kammermeier, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 470-472; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 417-419; b) T. Kawase, H. R. Darabi, M. Oda, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2803-2805; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2664-2666; c) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996,108, 2834-2836; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2669-2671; d) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2317-2319; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2200-2202; e) T. Kawase, N. Ueda, K. Tanaka, Y. Seirai, M. Oda, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 5509-5511; f) M. Ohkita, K. Ando, T. Tsuji, Chem. Commun. 2001, 2570-2571.
23. Some belt-shaped conjugated systems have been reported since the first synthesis by Herges and co-workers, however, the host properties have not been reported so far: a) S. Kammermeier, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 470-472; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 417-419; b) T. Kawase, H. R. Darabi, M. Oda, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2803-2805; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2664-2666; c) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996,108, 2834-2836; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2669-2671; d) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2317-2319; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2200-2202; e) T. Kawase, N. Ueda, K. Tanaka, Y. Seirai, M. Oda, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 5509-5511; f) M. Ohkita, K. Ando, T. Tsuji, Chem. Commun. 2001, 2570-2571.
24. Some belt-shaped conjugated systems have been reported since the first synthesis by Herges and co-workers, however, the host properties have not been reported so far: a) S. Kammermeier, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 470-472; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 417-419; b) T. Kawase, H. R. Darabi, M. Oda, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2803-2805; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2664-2666; c) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996,108, 2834-2836; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2669-2671; d) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2317-2319; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2200-2202; e) T. Kawase, N. Ueda, K. Tanaka, Y. Seirai, M. Oda, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 5509-5511; f) M. Ohkita, K. Ando, T. Tsuji, Chem. Commun. 2001, 2570-2571.
25. Some belt-shaped conjugated systems have been reported since the first synthesis by Herges and co-workers, however, the host properties have not been reported so far: a) S. Kammermeier, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 470-472; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 417-419; b) T. Kawase, H. R. Darabi, M. Oda, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2803-2805; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2664-2666; c) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996,108, 2834-2836; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2669-2671; d) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2317-2319; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2200-2202; e) T. Kawase, N. Ueda, K. Tanaka, Y. Seirai, M. Oda, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 5509-5511; f) M. Ohkita, K. Ando, T. Tsuji, Chem. Commun. 2001, 2570-2571.
26. Some belt-shaped conjugated systems have been reported since the first synthesis by Herges and co-workers, however, the host properties have not been reported so far: a) S. Kammermeier, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 470-472; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 417-419; b) T. Kawase, H. R. Darabi, M. Oda, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 2803-2805; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2664-2666; c) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1996,108, 2834-2836; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2669-2671; d) S. Kammermeier, P. G. Jones, R. Herges, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2317-2319; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2200-2202; e) T. Kawase, N. Ueda, K. Tanaka, Y. Seirai, M. Oda, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 5509-5511; f) M. Ohkita, K. Ando, T. Tsuji, Chem. Commun. 2001, 2570-2571.
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37. 6 in benzene) have been reported. These hosts involve transition-metal ions as well as heteroatoms. In contrast, CPPAs are composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms: a) K. Tashiro, T. Aida, J.-Y. Zheng, K. Kinbara, K. Saigo, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999,121, 9477-9478; b) O. D. Fox, M. G. B. Drew, E. J. S. Wilkinson, P. D. Beer, Chem. Commun. 2000, 391-392; c) P. D. W. Boyd, M. C. Hodgson, L. Chaker, C. E. F. Rickard, A. G. Oliver, P. J. Brothers, R. Bolskar, F. S. Tham, C. A. Reed, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10487-10489; d) D. Sun, F. S. Tham, C. A. Reed, L. Chaker, M. Burgess, P. D. W. Boyd, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10704-10705; e) J.-Y. Zheng, K. Tashiro, Y. Hirabayashi, K. Kinbara, K. Saigo, T. Aida, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 1909-1913; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1857-1861.
38. 6 in benzene) have been reported. These hosts involve transition-metal ions as well as heteroatoms. In contrast, CPPAs are composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms: a) K. Tashiro, T. Aida, J.-Y. Zheng, K. Kinbara, K. Saigo, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999,121, 9477-9478; b) O. D. Fox, M. G. B. Drew, E. J. S. Wilkinson, P. D. Beer, Chem. Commun. 2000, 391-392; c) P. D. W. Boyd, M. C. Hodgson, L. Chaker, C. E. F. Rickard, A. G. Oliver, P. J. Brothers, R. Bolskar, F. S. Tham, C. A. Reed, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10487-10489; d) D. Sun, F. S. Tham, C. A. Reed, L. Chaker, M. Burgess, P. D. W. Boyd, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10704-10705; e) J.-Y. Zheng, K. Tashiro, Y. Hirabayashi, K. Kinbara, K. Saigo, T. Aida, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 1909-1913; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1857-1861.
39. 6 in benzene) have been reported. These hosts involve transition-metal ions as well as heteroatoms. In contrast, CPPAs are composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms: a) K. Tashiro, T. Aida, J.-Y. Zheng, K. Kinbara, K. Saigo, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999,121, 9477-9478; b) O. D. Fox, M. G. B. Drew, E. J. S. Wilkinson, P. D. Beer, Chem. Commun. 2000, 391-392; c) P. D. W. Boyd, M. C. Hodgson, L. Chaker, C. E. F. Rickard, A. G. Oliver, P. J. Brothers, R. Bolskar, F. S. Tham, C. A. Reed, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10487-10489; d) D. Sun, F. S. Tham, C. A. Reed, L. Chaker, M. Burgess, P. D. W. Boyd, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10704-10705; e) J.-Y. Zheng, K. Tashiro, Y. Hirabayashi, K. Kinbara, K. Saigo, T. Aida, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 1909-1913; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1857-1861.
40. 6 in benzene) have been reported. These hosts involve transition-metal ions as well as heteroatoms. In contrast, CPPAs are composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms: a) K. Tashiro, T. Aida, J.-Y. Zheng, K. Kinbara, K. Saigo, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999,121, 9477-9478; b) O. D. Fox, M. G. B. Drew, E. J. S. Wilkinson, P. D. Beer, Chem. Commun. 2000, 391-392; c) P. D. W. Boyd, M. C. Hodgson, L. Chaker, C. E. F. Rickard, A. G. Oliver, P. J. Brothers, R. Bolskar, F. S. Tham, C. A. Reed, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10487-10489; d) D. Sun, F. S. Tham, C. A. Reed, L. Chaker, M. Burgess, P. D. W. Boyd, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10704-10705; e) J.-Y. Zheng, K. Tashiro, Y. Hirabayashi, K. Kinbara, K. Saigo, T. Aida, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 1909-1913; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1857-1861.
41. 6 in benzene) have been reported. These hosts involve transition-metal ions as well as heteroatoms. In contrast, CPPAs are composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms: a) K. Tashiro, T. Aida, J.-Y. Zheng, K. Kinbara, K. Saigo, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999,121, 9477-9478; b) O. D. Fox, M. G. B. Drew, E. J. S. Wilkinson, P. D. Beer, Chem. Commun. 2000, 391-392; c) P. D. W. Boyd, M. C. Hodgson, L. Chaker, C. E. F. Rickard, A. G. Oliver, P. J. Brothers, R. Bolskar, F. S. Tham, C. A. Reed, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10487-10489; d) D. Sun, F. S. Tham, C. A. Reed, L. Chaker, M. Burgess, P. D. W. Boyd, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10704-10705; e) J.-Y. Zheng, K. Tashiro, Y. Hirabayashi, K. Kinbara, K. Saigo, T. Aida, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 1909-1913; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1857-1861.
42. 6 in benzene) have been reported. These hosts involve transition-metal ions as well as heteroatoms. In contrast, CPPAs are composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms: a) K. Tashiro, T. Aida, J.-Y. Zheng, K. Kinbara, K. Saigo, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999,121, 9477-9478; b) O. D. Fox, M. G. B. Drew, E. J. S. Wilkinson, P. D. Beer, Chem. Commun. 2000, 391-392; c) P. D. W. Boyd, M. C. Hodgson, L. Chaker, C. E. F. Rickard, A. G. Oliver, P. J. Brothers, R. Bolskar, F. S. Tham, C. A. Reed, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10487-10489; d) D. Sun, F. S. Tham, C. A. Reed, L. Chaker, M. Burgess, P. D. W. Boyd, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10704-10705; e) J.-Y. Zheng, K. Tashiro, Y. Hirabayashi, K. Kinbara, K. Saigo, T. Aida, S. Sakamoto, K. Yamaguchi, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 1909-1913; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1857-1861.
43. -3. All non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically. Hydrogen atoms were placed geometrically and refined by using a rigid model. The high R1 value results from the disorder of included toluene molecules;
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70. The driving force for fullerene complexation was referred to in the following publications: Z. Yoshida, H. Takekuma, S. Takekuma, Y. Matsubara, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1658-1670; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1597-1599; E.C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 2359-2361; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2269-2271; A. Ikeda, Y. Suzuki, M. Yoshimura, S. Shinkai, Terrahedron 1998, 54, 2497-2508; T. Haino, M. Yanase, Y. Fukazawa, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1044-1046; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 997-998; M. Yamase, M. Matsuoka, Y. Tatsumi, M. Suzuki, H. Iwamoto, T. Haino, Y. Fukazawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 493-497; S. Mizyed, M. Ashram, D. O. Miller, P. E. Georghiou, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 2001, 1916-1919; Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kobayashi, N. Amita, T. Wakamiya, Y. Matsubara, K. Sugimoto, Z. Yoshida, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 3277-3280.
71. The driving force for fullerene complexation was referred to in the following publications: Z. Yoshida, H. Takekuma, S. Takekuma, Y. Matsubara, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1658-1670; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1597-1599; E.C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 2359-2361; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2269-2271; A. Ikeda, Y. Suzuki, M. Yoshimura, S. Shinkai, Terrahedron 1998, 54, 2497-2508; T. Haino, M. Yanase, Y. Fukazawa, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1044-1046; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 997-998; M. Yamase, M. Matsuoka, Y. Tatsumi, M. Suzuki, H. Iwamoto, T. Haino, Y. Fukazawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 493-497; S. Mizyed, M. Ashram, D. O. Miller, P. E. Georghiou, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 2001, 1916-1919; Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kobayashi, N. Amita, T. Wakamiya, Y. Matsubara, K. Sugimoto, Z. Yoshida, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 3277-3280.
72. The driving force for fullerene complexation was referred to in the following publications: Z. Yoshida, H. Takekuma, S. Takekuma, Y. Matsubara, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1658-1670; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1597-1599; E.C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 2359-2361; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2269-2271; A. Ikeda, Y. Suzuki, M. Yoshimura, S. Shinkai, Terrahedron 1998, 54, 2497-2508; T. Haino, M. Yanase, Y. Fukazawa, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1044-1046; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 997-998; M. Yamase, M. Matsuoka, Y. Tatsumi, M. Suzuki, H. Iwamoto, T. Haino, Y. Fukazawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 493-497; S. Mizyed, M. Ashram, D. O. Miller, P. E. Georghiou, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 2001, 1916-1919; Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kobayashi, N. Amita, T. Wakamiya, Y. Matsubara, K. Sugimoto, Z. Yoshida, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 3277-3280.
73. The driving force for fullerene complexation was referred to in the following publications: Z. Yoshida, H. Takekuma, S. Takekuma, Y. Matsubara, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1658-1670; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1597-1599; E.C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 2359-2361; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2269-2271; A. Ikeda, Y. Suzuki, M. Yoshimura, S. Shinkai, Terrahedron 1998, 54, 2497-2508; T. Haino, M. Yanase, Y. Fukazawa, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1044-1046; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 997-998; M. Yamase, M. Matsuoka, Y. Tatsumi, M. Suzuki, H. Iwamoto, T. Haino, Y. Fukazawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 493-497; S. Mizyed, M. Ashram, D. O. Miller, P. E. Georghiou, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 2001, 1916-1919; Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kobayashi, N. Amita, T. Wakamiya, Y. Matsubara, K. Sugimoto, Z. Yoshida, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 3277-3280.
74. The driving force for fullerene complexation was referred to in the following publications: Z. Yoshida, H. Takekuma, S. Takekuma, Y. Matsubara, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1658-1670; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1597-1599; E.C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 2359-2361; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2269-2271; A. Ikeda, Y. Suzuki, M. Yoshimura, S. Shinkai, Terrahedron 1998, 54, 2497-2508; T. Haino, M. Yanase, Y. Fukazawa, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1044-1046; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 997-998; M. Yamase, M. Matsuoka, Y. Tatsumi, M. Suzuki, H. Iwamoto, T. Haino, Y. Fukazawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 493-497; S. Mizyed, M. Ashram, D. O. Miller, P. E. Georghiou, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 2001, 1916-1919; Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kobayashi, N. Amita, T. Wakamiya, Y. Matsubara, K. Sugimoto, Z. Yoshida, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 3277-3280.
75. The driving force for fullerene complexation was referred to in the following publications: Z. Yoshida, H. Takekuma, S. Takekuma, Y. Matsubara, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1658-1670; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1597-1599; E.C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 2359-2361; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2269-2271; A. Ikeda, Y. Suzuki, M. Yoshimura, S. Shinkai, Terrahedron 1998, 54, 2497-2508; T. Haino, M. Yanase, Y. Fukazawa, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1044-1046; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 997-998; M. Yamase, M. Matsuoka, Y. Tatsumi, M. Suzuki, H. Iwamoto, T. Haino, Y. Fukazawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 493-497; S. Mizyed, M. Ashram, D. O. Miller, P. E. Georghiou, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 2001, 1916-1919; Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kobayashi, N. Amita, T. Wakamiya, Y. Matsubara, K. Sugimoto, Z. Yoshida, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 3277-3280.
76. The driving force for fullerene complexation was referred to in the following publications: Z. Yoshida, H. Takekuma, S. Takekuma, Y. Matsubara, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1658-1670; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1597-1599; E.C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 2359-2361; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2269-2271; A. Ikeda, Y. Suzuki, M. Yoshimura, S. Shinkai, Terrahedron 1998, 54, 2497-2508; T. Haino, M. Yanase, Y. Fukazawa, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1044-1046; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 997-998; M. Yamase, M. Matsuoka, Y. Tatsumi, M. Suzuki, H. Iwamoto, T. Haino, Y. Fukazawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 493-497; S. Mizyed, M. Ashram, D. O. Miller, P. E. Georghiou, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 2001, 1916-1919; Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kobayashi, N. Amita, T. Wakamiya, Y. Matsubara, K. Sugimoto, Z. Yoshida, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 3277-3280.
77. The driving force for fullerene complexation was referred to in the following publications: Z. Yoshida, H. Takekuma, S. Takekuma, Y. Matsubara, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1658-1670; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1597-1599; E.C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 2359-2361; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2269-2271; A. Ikeda, Y. Suzuki, M. Yoshimura, S. Shinkai, Terrahedron 1998, 54, 2497-2508; T. Haino, M. Yanase, Y. Fukazawa, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1044-1046; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 997-998; M. Yamase, M. Matsuoka, Y. Tatsumi, M. Suzuki, H. Iwamoto, T. Haino, Y. Fukazawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 493-497; S. Mizyed, M. Ashram, D. O. Miller, P. E. Georghiou, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 2001, 1916-1919; Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kobayashi, N. Amita, T. Wakamiya, Y. Matsubara, K. Sugimoto, Z. Yoshida, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 3277-3280.
78. The driving force for fullerene complexation was referred to in the following publications: Z. Yoshida, H. Takekuma, S. Takekuma, Y. Matsubara, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1658-1670; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1597-1599; E.C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 2359-2361; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2269-2271; A. Ikeda, Y. Suzuki, M. Yoshimura, S. Shinkai, Terrahedron 1998, 54, 2497-2508; T. Haino, M. Yanase, Y. Fukazawa, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1044-1046; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 997-998; M. Yamase, M. Matsuoka, Y. Tatsumi, M. Suzuki, H. Iwamoto, T. Haino, Y. Fukazawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 493-497; S. Mizyed, M. Ashram, D. O. Miller, P. E. Georghiou, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 2001, 1916-1919; Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kobayashi, N. Amita, T. Wakamiya, Y. Matsubara, K. Sugimoto, Z. Yoshida, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 3277-3280.
79. The driving force for fullerene complexation was referred to in the following publications: Z. Yoshida, H. Takekuma, S. Takekuma, Y. Matsubara, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 1658-1670; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1597-1599; E.C. Constable, Angew. Chem. 1994, 106, 2359-2361; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2269-2271; A. Ikeda, Y. Suzuki, M. Yoshimura, S. Shinkai, Terrahedron 1998, 54, 2497-2508; T. Haino, M. Yanase, Y. Fukazawa, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1044-1046; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 997-998; M. Yamase, M. Matsuoka, Y. Tatsumi, M. Suzuki, H. Iwamoto, T. Haino, Y. Fukazawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 493-497; S. Mizyed, M. Ashram, D. O. Miller, P. E. Georghiou, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 2001, 1916-1919; Y. Yamaguchi, S. Kobayashi, N. Amita, T. Wakamiya, Y. Matsubara, K. Sugimoto, Z. Yoshida, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 3277-3280.