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Comments on fossil dates and their use in calibrating the molecular clock are included in (18).
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Species names and GenBank accession numbers are given in table S1.
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In order to retain more data for resolving relationships within the Sciuridae and because Graphiurus is ambiguous in its sequence alignment with Aplodontia and Sciuridae at a greater number of sites, analyses illustrated here used Aplodontia as the sole outgroup.
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Our DNA sequence data concur with morphological characters of the wrist (35) in supporting flying squirrel monophyly, which earlier morphological and immunological evidence had contested.
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We thank K. Springer for technical assistance; K, Pryer, A. Weil, F. Luzoni, T, Crowley, and G. Wray for constructive comments on the manuscript; and M. Bayes, H. deBruijn, L. Flynn, W. Korth, H. Lessios, D. Livingstone, P. Manos, R. W. Thorington Jr., A. Walton, and A. Winkler for other insights or information. For specimens and tissue samples, we thank the staff, curators, and collectors donating material at American Musem of Natural History, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Field Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles County Museum, Louisiana State Museum of Natural Science, Museum of Southwest Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (University of California, Berkeley), Royal Ontario Museum, Museum of Texas Tech University, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, and U.S. National Museum (Smithsonian Institution); as we[[ as the following individuals: L. Barkley, C. Cannon, P. Clerc, L Emmons, M. Engstrom, L. D. Gómez, L Gordon, F. Greenwell, R. Harrison, L. Heaney, R. Hoffmann, J. Jacobs, J. Kerbis, J. Kingdon, S. Lahm, D. LaPointe, R. López, T. McCarthy, S. McLaren, G. Musser, J. Patton, J. Ruben, L. Ruedas, D. Schlitter, D. Stone, J. P. Sullivan, R. Thorington, P. Thrall, R. Voss, P. Weigt, A. Yu, P. Zahler, and especially C. Francis. Partial financial support was provided by NSF and Duke University's Arts and Sciences Research Council.
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