RAS and connective tissue in the heart

International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology

Volumn 35, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 919-931

  Sun, Yao ^a   Weber, Karl T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Angiotensin converting enzyme; Angiotensin receptors; Infarct scar; Myocardial infarction; Renin

Indexed keywords

1 (4 AMINO 3 METHYLBENZYL) 5 DIPHENYLACETYL 4,5,6,7 TETRAHYDROIMIDAZO[4,5 C]PYRIDINE 6 CARBOXYLIC ACID; ALDOSTERONE; ANGIOTENSIN; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR; CANDESARTAN HEXETIL; CAPTOPRIL; COLLAGEN TYPE 1; COLLAGEN TYPE 3; DELAPRIL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; ENALAPRIL; HYDRALAZINE; ICATIBANT; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; MESSENGER RNA; PERINDOPRIL; QUINAPRIL; RENIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

CELL PROLIFERATION; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; DRUG EFFECT; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; ENZYME LOCALIZATION; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE FIBROSIS; HEART PROTECTION; HUMAN; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MYOFIBROBLAST; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN METABOLISM; REGULATORY MECHANISM; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TISSUE REPAIR;

ANGIOTENSIN II; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANIMALS; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; ENZYME INHIBITORS; HUMANS; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; MYOCARDIUM; PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A; RECEPTOR, ANGIOTENSIN, TYPE 1; RECEPTORS, ANGIOTENSIN; RENIN; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM;

EID: 0037409429     PISSN: 13572725     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1357-2725(02)00276-5     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Agarwal R., Siva S., Dunn S.R., Sharma K. Add-on angiotensin II receptor blockade lowers urinary transforming growth factor-beta levels. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 39:2002;486-492.
2. Albaladejo P., Bouaziz H., Duriez M., Gohlke P., Levy B.I., Safar M.E., Benetos A. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition prevents the increase in aortic collagen in rats. Hypertension. 23:1994;74-82.
3. Anderson S., Rennke H.G., Brenner B.M. Therapeutic advantage of converting enzyme inhibitors in arresting progressive renal disease associated with systemic hypertension in the rat. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 77:1986;1993-2000.
4. Azizi M., Rousseau A., Ezan E., Guyene T.T., Michelet S., Grognet J.M., Lenfant M., Corvol P., Ménard J. Acute angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition increases the plasma level of the natural stem cell regulator N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 97:1996;839-844.
5. Bélichard P., Savard P., Cardinal R., Nadeau R., Gosselin H., Paradis P., Rouleau J.L. Markedly different effects on ventricular remodeling result in a decrease in inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 23:1994;505-513.
6. Benjamin I.J., Jalil J.E., Tan L.B., Cho K., Weber K.T., Clark W.A. Isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis in relation to myocyte necrosis. Circulation Research. 65:1989;657-670.
7. Blankesteijn W.M., Essers-Janssen Y.P.G., Verluyten M.J.A., Daemen M.J.A.P., Smits J.F.M. A homologue of Drosophila tissue polarity gene frizzled is expressed in migrating myofibroblasts in the infarcted rat heart. Nature Medicine. 3:1997;541-544.
8. Burdmann E.A., Andoh T.F., Nast C.C., Evan A., Connors B.A., Coffman T.M., Lindsley J., Bennett W.M. Prevention of experimental cyclosporin-induced interstitial fibrosis by losartan and enalapril. American Journal of Physiology. 269:1995;F491-F499.
9. Campbell S.E., Janicki J.S., Matsubara B.B., Weber K.T. Myocardial fibrosis in the rat with mineralocorticoid excess: Prevention of scarring by amiloride. American Journal of Hypertension. 6:1993;487-495.
10. 1 in cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 29:1997;1947-1958.
11. Cleutjens J.P.M., Verluyten M.J.A., Smits J.F.M., Daemen M.J.A.P. Collagen remodeling after myocardial infarction in the rat heart. American Journal of Pathology. 147:1995;325-338.
12. Cohen E.P., Moulder J.E., Fish B.L., Hill P. Prophylaxis of experimental bone marrow transplant nephropathy. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 124:1994;371-380.
13. Darrow D.C., Miller H.C. The production of cardiac lesions by repeated injections of desoxycorticosterone acetate. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 21:1942;601-611.
14. Dell'Italia, L. J., & Husain, A. (2000). Chymase: A critical evaluation of its role in angiotensin II formation and cardiovascular disease. In A. Husain & R. M. Graham (Eds.), Drugs, enzymes and receptors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Celebrating a century of discovery (pp. 347-363). Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.
15. Dell'Italia, L. J., Perry, G. J., & Oparil, S. (2001). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and chymase in cardiovascular disease. In T. D. Giles (Ed.), Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE): Clinical and experimental insights (pp. 91-101). Fort Lee, NJ: Health Care Communications.
16. Desmouliére, A., & Gabbiani, G. (1996). The role of the myofibroblast in wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases. In R. A. F. Clark (Ed.), The molecular and cellular biology of wound repair (pp. 391-423). New York: Plenum Press.
17. Desmouliére A., Redard M., Darby I., Gabbiani G. Apoptosis mediates the decrease in cellularity during the transition between granulation tissue and scar. American Journal of Pathology. 146:1995;56-66.
18. Diamond J.R., Anderson S. Irreversible tubulointerstitial damage associated with chronic aminonucleoside nephrosis. American Journal of Pathology. 137:1990;1323-1332.
19. Dixon I.M.C., Ju H., Jassal D.S., Peterson D.J. Effect of ramipril and losartan on collagen expression in right and left heart after myocardial infarction. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 165:1996;31-45.
20. Falkenhahn M., Franke F., Bohle R.M., Zhu Y.C., Stauss H.M., Bachmann S., Danilov S., Unger T. Cellular distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme after myocardial infarction. Hypertension. 25:1995;219-226.
21. Filip D.A., Radu A., Simionescu M. Interstitial cells of the heart valves possess characteristics similar to smooth muscle cells. Circulation Research. 59:1986;310-320.
22. Frimm C.D.C., Sun Y., Weber K.T. Angiotensin II receptor blockade and myocardial fibrosis of the infarcted rat heart. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 129:1997;439-446.
23. Gabbiani G., Ryan G.B., Majno G. Presence of modified fibroblasts in granulation tissue and their possible role in wound contraction. Experientia. 27:1971;549-550.
24. Hanatani A., Yoshiyama M., Kim S., Omura T., Toda I., Akioka K., Teragaki M., Takeuchi K., Iwao H., Takeda T. Inhibition by angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist of cardiac phenotypic modulation after myocardial infarction. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 27:1995;1905-1914.
25. Hirsch A.T., Talsness C.E., Schunkert H., Paul M., Dzau V.J. Tissue-specific activation of cardiac angiotensin converting enzyme in experimental heart failure. Circulation Research. 69:1991;475-482.
26. Hokimoto S., Yasue H., Fujimoto K., Sakata R., Miyamoto E. Increased angiotensin converting enzyme activity in left ventricular aneurysm of patients after myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular Research. 29:1995;664-669.
27. Ikoma M., Kawamura T., Kakinuma Y., Fogo A., Ichikawa I. Cause of variable therapeutic efficiency of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on glomerular lesions. Kidney International. 40:1991;195-202.
28. Ishidoya S., Morrissey J., McCracken R., Klahr S. Delayed treatment with enalapril halts tubulointerstitial fibrosis in rats with obstructive nephropathy. Kidney International. 49:1996;1110-1119.
29. Ishidoya S., Morrissey J., McCracken R., Reyes A., Klahr S. Angiotensin II receptor antagonist ameliorates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Kidney International. 47:1995;1285-1294.
30. Jugdutt B.I. Effect of captopril and enalapril on left ventricular geometry, function and collagen during healing after anterior and inferior myocardial infarction in a dog model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 25:1995;1718-1725.
31. Jugdutt B.I., Khan M.I., Jugdutt S.J., Blinston G.E. Effect of enalapril on ventricular remodeling and function during healing after anterior myocardial infarction in the dog. Circulation. 91:1995;802-812.
32. Jugdutt B.I., Schwarz-Michorowski B.L., Khan M.I. Effect of long-term captopril therapy on left ventricular remodeling and function during healing of canine myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 19:1992;713-721.
33. Juncos L.I., Carrasco Dueñas S., Cornejo J.C., Broglia C.A., Cejas H. Long-term enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide in radiation nephritis. Nephron. 64:1993;249-255.
34. Kaneto H., Morrissey J., McCracken R., Reyes A., Klahr S. Enalapril reduces collagen type IV synthesis and expansion of the interstitium in the obstructed rat kidney. Kidney International. 45:1994;1637-1647.
35. Katwa L.C., Ratajska A., Cleutjens J.P.M., Sun Y., Zhou G., Lee S.J., Weber K.T. Angiotensin converting enzyme and kininase-II-like activities in cultured valvular interstitial cells of the rat heart. Cardiovascular Research. 29:1995;57-64.
36. Katwa L.C., Tyagi S.C., Campbell S.E., Lee S.J., Cicila G.T., Weber K.T. Valvular interstitial cells express angiotensinogen, cathepsin D, and generate angiotensin peptides. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology. 28:1996;807-821.
37. Katwa L.C., Campbell S.E., Tyagi S.C., Lee S.J., Cicila G.T., Weber K.T. Cultured myofibroblasts generate angiotensin peptides de novo. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 29:1997;1375-1386.
38. Katwa L.C., Sun Y., Campbell S.E., Tyagi S.C., Dhalla A.K., Kandala J.C., Weber K.T. Pouch tissue and angiotensin peptide generation. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 30:1998;1401-1413.
39. Keeley F.W., Elmoselhi A., Leenen F.H.H. Enalapril suppresses normal accumulation of elastin and collagen in cardiovascular tissues of growing rats. American Journal of Physiology. 262:1992;H1013-H1021.
40. Kim S., Ohta K., Hamaguchi A., Omura T., Yukimura T., Miura K., Inada Y., Wada T., Ishimura Y., Chatani F., Iwao H. Contribution of renal angiotensin II type I receptor to gene expressions in hypertension-induced renal injury. Kidney International. 46:1994;1346-1358.
41. Kim S., Ohta K., Hamaguchi A., Omura T., Yukimura T., Miura K., Inada Y., Ishimura Y., Chatani F., Iwao H. Angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist inhibits the gene expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and extracellular matrix in cardiac and vascular tissues of hypertensive rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 273:1995;509-515.
42. Lafayette R.A., Mayer G., Meyer T.W. The effects of blood pressure reduction on cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in the rat. Jounal of the American Society of Nephrology. 3:1993;1892-1899.
43. Laurent G.J. Dynamic state of collagen: Pathways of collagen degradation in vivo and their possible role in regulation of collagen mass. American Journal of Physiology. 252:1987;C1-C9.
44. Litwin S.E., Litwin C.M., Raya T.E., Warner A.L., Goldman S. Contractility and stiffness of noninfarcted myocardium after coronary ligation in rats. Effects of chronic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Circulation. 83:1991;1028-1037.
45. Luft F.C. Angiotensin, inflammation, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Current Hypertension Reports. 3:2001;61-67.
46. Messier R.H. Jr., Bass B.L., Aly H.M., Jones J.L., Domkowski P.W., Wallace R.B., Hopkins R.A. Dual structural and functional phenotypes of the porcine aortic valve interstitial population: Characteristics of the leaflet myofibroblast. Journal of Surgical Research. 57:1994;1-21.
47. Michel J.B., Lattion A.L., Salzmann J.L., Cerol M.L., Philippe M., Camilleri J.P., Corvol P. Hormonal and cardiac effects of converting enzyme inhibition in rat myocardial infarction. Circulation Research. 62:1988;641-650.
48. Molteni A., Ward W.F., Ts'ao C., Soliday N.H., Dunnes M. Monocrotaline-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: Amelioration by captopril and penicillamine. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 180:1985;112-120.
49. Morrissey J.J., Ishidoya S., McCracken R., Klahr S. The effect of ACE inhibitors on the expression of matrix genes and the role of p53 and p21 (WAF1) in experimental renal fibrosis. Kidney International. 49(Suppl. 54):1996;S83-S87.
50. 1 receptor: Gain-of-function study using gene transfer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92:1995;10663-10667.
51. Nakamura T., Honma H., Ikeda Y., Kuroyanagi R., Takano H., Obata J., Sato T., Kimura H., Yoshida Y., Tamura K. Renal protective effects of angiotensin II receptor I antagonist CV-11974 in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHR-sp). Blood Pressure. 3(Suppl. 5):1994;61-66.
52. Nakamura T., Obata J., Kuroyanagi R., Kimura H., Ikeda Y., Takano H., Naito A., Sato T., Yoshida Y. Involvement of angiotensin II in glomerulosclerosis of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Kidney International. 49(Suppl. 55):1996;S109-S112.
53. Nicoletti A., Michel J.B. Cardiac fibrosis and inflammation: Interaction with hemodynamic and hormonal factors. Cardiovascular Research. 41:1999;532-543.
54. Ou R., Sun Y., Ganjam V.K., Weber K.T. In situ production of angiotensin II by fibrosed rat pericardium. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 28:1996;1319-1327.
55. Pimentel J.L. Jr., Martinez-Maldonado M., Wilcox J.N., Wang S., Luo C. Regulation of renin-angiotensin system in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Kidney International. 44:1993;390-400.
56. Pimentel J.L. Jr., Sundell C.L., Wang S., Kopp J.B., Montero A., Martinez-Maldonado M. Role of angiotensin II in the expression and regulation of transforming growth factor-β in obstructive nephropathy. Kidney International. 48:1995;1233-1246.
57. Pinto J.E., Viglione P., Saavedra J.M. Autoradiographic localization and quantification of rat heart angiotensin converting enzyme. American Journal of Hypertension. 4:1991;321-326.
58. Pradelles P., Frobert Y., Créminon C., Ivonine H., Frindel E. Distribution of a negative regulator of haematopoietic stem cell proliferation (AcSDKP) and thymosin β4 in mouse tissues. FEBS Letters. 289:1991;171-175.
59. Ratajska A., Campbell S.E., Sun Y., Weber K.T. Angiotenin II associated cardiac myocyte necrosis: Role of adrenal catecholamines. Cardiovascular Research. 28:1994;684-690.
60. 1 receptor subtype as a cardiac target of aldosterone. Role in aldosterone-salt-induced fibrosis. Hypertension. 33:1999;981-986.
61. Robinson T.F., Geraci M.A., Sonnenblick E.H., Factor S.M. Coiled perimysial fibers of papillary muscle in rat heart: Morphology, distribution, and changes in configuration. Circulation Research. 63:1988;577-592.
62. Schieffer B., Wirger A., Meybrunn M., Seitz S., Holtz J., Riede U.N., Drexler H. Comparative effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in the rat. Circulation. 89:1994;2273-2282.
63. Shibouta Y., Chatani F., Ishimura Y., Sanada T., Ohta M., Inada Y., Nishikawa K. TCV-116 inhibits renal interstitial and glomerular injury in glomerulosclerotic rats. Kidney International. 49(Suppl. 55):1996;S115-S118.
64. Skalli O., Schürch W., Seemayer T., Lagac, R., Montandon D., Pittet B., Gabbiani G. Myofibroblasts from diverse pathologic settings are heterogeneous in their content of actin isoforms and intermediate filament proteins. Laboratory Investigation. 60:1989;275-285.
65. Smits J.F.M., van Krimpen C., Schoemaker R.G., Cleutjens J.P.M., Daemen M.J.A.P. Angiotensin II receptor blockade after myocardial infarction in rats: Effects on hemodynamics, myocardial DNA synthesis, and interstitial collagen content. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 20:1992;772-778.
66. Stoll M., Steckelings U.M., Paul M., Bottari S.P., Metzger R., Unger T. The angiotensin AT2-receptor mediates inhibition of cell proliferation in coronary endothelial cells. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 95:1995;651-657.
67. Studer R., Reinecke H., Müller B., Holtz J., Just H., Drexler H. Increased angiotensin-I converting enzyme gene expression in the failing human heart. Quantification by competitive RNA polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 94:1994;301-310.
68. Sun Y., Weber K.T. Angiotensin-converting enzyme and wound healing in diverse tissues of the rat. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 127:1996a;94-101.
69. Sun Y., Weber K.T. Angiotensin converting enzyme and myofibroblasts during tissue repair in the rat heart. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 28:1996b;851-858.
70. Sun Y., Weber K.T. Cells expressing angiotensin II receptors in fibrous tissue of rat heart. Cardiovascular Research. 31:1996c;518-525.
71. Sun Y., Weber K.T. Infarct scar: A dynamic tissue. Cardiovascular Research. 46:2000;250-256.
72. Sun Y., Ratajska A., Zhou G., Weber K.T. Angiotensin converting enzyme and myocardial fibrosis in the rat receiving angiotensin II or aldosterone. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 122:1993;395-403.
73. Sun Y., Cleutjens J.P.M., Diaz-Arias A.A., Weber K.T. Cardiac angiotensin converting enzyme and myocardial fibrosis in the rat. Cardiovascular Research. 28:1994;1423-1432.
74. Sun Y., Diaz-Arias A.A., Weber K.T. Angiotensin-converting enzyme, bradykinin and angiotensin II receptor binding in rat skin, tendon and heart valves: An in vitro quantitative autoradiographic study. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 123:1994;372-377.
75. Sun Y., Ramires F.J.A., Zhou G., Ganjam V.K., Weber K.T. Fibrous tissue and angiotensin II. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 29:1997;2001-2012.
76. 1 and repair in the infarcted heart. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 30:1998;1559-1569.
77. Sun Y., Zhang J., Zhang J.Q., Weber K.T. Renin expression at sites of repair in the infarcted rat heart. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 33:2001;995-1003.
78. Tanaka R., Sugihara K., Tatematsu A., Fogo A. Internephron heterogeneity of growth factors and sclerosis - Modulation of platelet-derived growth factor by angiotensin II. Kidney International. 47:1995;131-139.
79. van Krimpen C., Schoemaker R.G., Cleutjens J.P.M., Smits J.F.M., Struyker-Boudier H.A.J., Bosman F.T., Daemen M.J.A.P. Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors and cardiac remodeling. Basic Research in Cardiology. 86(Suppl. 1):1991a;149-155.
80. van Krimpen C., Smits J.F.M., Cleutjens J.P.M., Debets J.J., Schoemaker R.G., Struyker-Boudier H.A., Bosman F.T., Daemen M.J. DNA synthesis in the non-infarcted cardiac interstitium after left coronary artery ligation in the rat heart: Effects of captopril. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 23:1991b;1245-1253.
81. Volders P.G.A., Willems I.E.M.G., Cleutjens J.P.M., Arends J.W., Havenith M.G., Daemen M.J.A.P. Interstitial collagen is increased in the non-infarcted human myocardium after myocardial infarction. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 25:1993;1317-1323.
82. Ward W.F., Molteni A., Ts'ao C. Radiation-induced endothelial dysfunction and fibrosis in rat lung: Modification by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor CL242817. Radiation Research. 117:1989;342-350.
83. Ward W.F., Molteni A., Ts'ao C.H., Hinz J.M. Captopril reduces collagen and mast cell accumulation in irradiated rat lung. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 19:1990;1405-1409.
84. Ward W.F., Molteni A., Ts'ao C., Kim Y.T., Hinz J.M. Radiation pneumotoxicity in rats: Modification by inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 22:1992;623-625.
85. Weber, K. T. (Ed.). (1995). Inflammation and healing in the heart. Wound healing in cardiovascular disease (pp. 1-21). Armonk, NY: Futura.
86. Weber K.T. Fibrosis, a common pathway to organ failure: Angiotensin II and tissue repair. Seminars in Nephrology. 17:1997a;467-491.
87. Weber K.T. Extracellular matrix remodeling in heart failure. A role for de novo angiotensin II generation. Circulation. 96:1997b;4065-4082.
88. Weber K.T. Angiotensin II and connective tissue: Homeostasis and reciprocal regulation. Regulatory Peptides. 82:1999;1-17.
89. Weber K.T., Brilla C.G. Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac interstitium: Fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Circulation. 83:1991;1849-1865.
90. Weber K.T., Sun Y., Katwa L.C., Cleutjens J.P.M. Connective tissue: A metabolic entity. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 27:1995;107-120.
91. Weber K.T., Swamynathan S.K., Guntaka R.V., Sun Y. Angiotensin II and extracellular matrix homeostasis. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology. 31:1999;395-403.
92. Willems I.E.M.G., Havenith M.G., Smits J.F.M., Daemen M.J.A.P. Structural alterations in heart valves during left ventricular pressure overload in the rat. Laboratory Investigation. 71:1994a;127-133.
93. Willems I.E.M.G., Havenith M.G., De Mey J.G.R., Daemen M.J.A.P. The α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in healing human myocardial scars. American Journal of Pathology. 145:1994b;868-875.
94. Wollert K.C., Studer R., Doerfer K., Schieffer E., Holubarsch C., Just H., Drexler H. Differential effects of kinins on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial collagen matrix in the surviving myocardium after myocardial infarction in the rat. Circulation. 95:1997;1910-1917.
95. Yamada H., Fabris B., Allen A.M., Jackson B., Johnston C.I., Mendelsohn F.A.O. Localization of angiotensin converting enzyme in rat heart. Circulation Research. 68:1991;141-149.
96. Yamagishi H., Kim S., Nishikimi T., Takeuchi K., Takeda T. Contribution of cardiac renin-angiotensin system to ventricular remodelling in myocardial-infarcted rats. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 25:1993;1369-1380.
97. Yanagisawa H., Morrissey J., Morrison A.R., Klahr S. Eicosanoid production by isolated glomeruli of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Kidney International. 37:1990;1528-1535.