Prospective cohort studies of coronary heart disease in the UK: A systematic review of past, present and planned studies

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 111-119

  Critchley, Julia A ^a   Capewell, Simon ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

coronary heart disease; epidemiology; prospective cohortv; systematic review; UK

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; LIPID;

ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; COHORT ANALYSIS; ETHNIC GROUP; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MEDLINE; MINORITY GROUP; MORTALITY; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; QUALITY CONTROL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SMOKING; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; UNITED KINGDOM; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; HEMOSTASIS; HEREDITY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

COHORT STUDIES; CORONARY DISEASE; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RESEARCH DESIGN;

EID: 0037398228     PISSN: 20474873     EISSN: 20474881     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/174182670301000206     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Shaper AG, Pocock SJ, Walker M, Phillips AN, Whitehead TP, Macfarlane PW. Risk factors for ischaemic heart disease: The prospective phase of the British Regional Heart Study. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1985; 39: 197–209.
2. Jarrett RJ, Keen H, McCartney P. The Whitehall Study: Ten year follow-up report on men with impaired glucose tolerance with reference to worsening to diabetes and predictors of death. Diabetic Med 1984; 1: 279–283.
3. Marmot MG, Smith GD, Stansfeld S, Patel C, North F, Head J, et al Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study. Lancet 1991; 337: 1387–1393.
4. Smith WC, Crombie IK, Tavendale R, Irving JM, Kenicer MB, Tunstall Pedoe H. The Scottish Heart Health Study: Objectives and development of methods. Health Bull 1987; 45: 211–217.
5. Isles CG, Hole DJ, Gillis CR, Hawthorne VM, Lever AF. Plasma cholesterol, coronary heart disease, and cancer in the Renfrew and Paisley survey. BMJ 1989; 298: 920–924.
6. Caerphilly and Speedwell collaborative heart disease studies. The Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Group. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1984; 38: 259–262.
7. Bolton-Smith C, Smith WC, Woodward M, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Nutrient intakes of different social-class groups: Results from the Scottish Heart Health Study (SHHS). Br J Nutr 1991; 65: 321–335.
8. Bosma H, Marmot MG, Hemingway H, Nicholson AC, Brunner E, Stansfeld SA. Low job control and risk of coronary heart disease in Whitehall II (prospective cohort) study. BMJ 1997; 314: 558–565.
9. Brunner EJ, Marmot MG, White IR, O'Brien JR, Etherington MD, Slavin BM, et al Gender and employment grade differences in blood cholesterol, apolipoproteins and haemostatic factors in the Whitehall II study. Atherosclerosis 1993; 102: 195–207.
10. Baker IA, Sweetnam PM, Yarnell JW, Bainton D, Elwood PC. Haemostatic and other risk factors for ischaemic heart disease and social class: Evidence from the Caerphilly and Speedwell studies. Int J Epidemiol 1988; 17: 759–765.
11. Wannamethee G, Shaper AG. The association between heart rate and blood pressure, blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors. J Cardiovasc Risk 1994; 1: 223–230.
12. Ben Shlomo Y, Davey-Smith G. Deprivation in infancy or adult life: Which is more important for mortality risk. Lancet 1991; 337: 530–534.
13. Martyn CN, Barker DJ. Reduced fetal growth increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Health Reports 1994; 6: 45–53.
14. Martyn CN, Barker DJ, Osmond C. Mothers' pelvic size, fetal growth, and death from stroke and coronary heart disease in men in the UK. Lancet 1996; 348: 1264–1268.
15. Barker DJ (ed). Fetal and infant origins of adult disease. London: BMJ Publishing Group; 1992.
16. Davey Smith G, Hart C, Ferrell C, Upton M, Hole D, Hawthorne V, et al Birth weight of offspring and mortality in the Renfrew and Paisley study: Prospective observational study. BMJ 1997; 315: 1189–1193.
17. Dedman DJ, Gunnell D, Davey Smith G, Frankel S. Childhood housing conditions and later mortality in the Boyd Orr cohort. J Epidemiol Commun Health 2001; 55: 10–15.
18. Kuh D, Davey-Smith G. The life course and adult chronic disease: An historical perspective with particular reference to coronary heart disease. In: Kuh D, Ben Shlomo Y (editors): A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997.
19. Kuh D, Ben Shlomo Y. Introduction: A life course approach to the aetiology of adult chronic disease. In: Kuh D, Ben Shlomo Y, (editors). A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997. pp. 3–12. 20 Marmot M., Aetiology of coronary heart disease. BMJ 2001; 323:1261–1262. 21 Egger M, Davey Smith G, Altman DG,(eds). Systematic reviews in health care: Meta-analysis in context, 2nd edn. London: BMJ; 2001.
20. Sutton AJ, Jones DR, Abrams KR, Sheldon TA, Song F. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis: A structured review of the methodological literature. J Health Services Res Policy 1999; 4: 1–4.
21. van-Berkel TF, Boersma H, Roos HJ, Erdman RA, Simoons ML. Impact of smoking cessation and smoking interventions in patients with coronary heart disease. Eur Heart J 1999; 20: 1773–1782.
22. Pignone M, Phillips C, Mulrow C. Use of lipid lowering drugs for primary prevention of coronary heart disease: Meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2001; 321: 1–5.
23. Parsons TJ, Power C, Logan S, Summerbell CD. Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review. Int J Obesity 1999; 23: S1–S107.
24. Critchley JA, Capewell S. Smoking Cessation for the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease (Protocol for a Cochrane review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4. Oxford: Update Software; 2002.
25. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Collaborative overview (‘meta-analysis’) of prospective observational studies of the associations of usual blood pressure and usual cholesterol levels with common causes of death; protocol for the second cycle of the Prospective Studies Collaboration. J Cardiovasc Risk 1999; 6: 315–320.
26. Hinds K, Sproston K, Taylor R, National Centre for Social Research. Data sources for social research in Scotland: Results from a scoping study on longitudinal research. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive Central Research Unit; 2001.
27. Sutton AJ, Duval SJ, Tweedie RL, Abrams KR, Jones DR. Empirical assessment of effect of publication bias on meta-analysis. BMJ 2000; 320: 1574–1577.
28. Egger M, Schneider M, Davey SG. Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ 1998; 316: 140–144.
29. Isles CG, Hole DJ, Hawthorne VM, Lever AF. Relation between coronary risk and coronary mortality in women of the Renfrew and Paisley survey: Comparison with men. Lancet 1992; 339: 702–706.
30. Davey Smith G, Hart C, Watt G, Hole D, Hawthorne V. Individual social class, area-based deprivation, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and mortality: The Renfrew and Paisley Study. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1998; 52: 399–405.
31. Davey Smith G, Hart C, Blane D, Hole D. Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study. BMJ 1998; 316: 1631–1635.
32. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ, Hale AK. Serum albumin and mortality in the BUPA study. British United Provident Association. Int J Epidemiol 1994; 23: 38–41.
33. Doll R, Gray R, Hafner B, Peto R. Mortality in relation to smoking: 22 years' observations on female British doctors. BMJ 1980; 280: 967–971.
34. Khaw KT, Bingham S, Welch A, Luben R, Wareham N, Oakes S, et al Relation between plasma ascorbic acid and mortality in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk prospective study: A prospective population study. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Lancet 2001; 357: 657–663.
35. Lawlor DA, Bedford C, Taylor M, Ebrahim S. Aspirin use for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: Results from the British Women's Heart and Health Study. Br J Gen Practice 2001; 51: 743–745.
36. Bhopal R. What is the risk of coronary heart disease in South Asians? A review of UK research. J Public Health Med 2000; 22: 375–385.
37. Clarke R, Shipley M, Lewington S, Youngman L, Collins R, Marmot M, et al Underestimation of risk associations due to regression dilution in long-term follow-up of prospective studies. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 150: 341–353.
38. Greenwood DC, Muir KR, Packham CJ, Madeley RJ. Stress, social support, and stopping smoking after myocardial infarction in England. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1995; 49: 583–587.
39. Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey. A report on activity patterns and fitness levels. Commissioned by the Sports Council and Health Education Authority. Main Findings. London: The Sports Council; 1992.
40. Horwitz RI, Feinstein AR. Methodologic standards and contradictory results in case-control research. Am J Med 1979; 66: 556–564.
41. Hoeymans N, Feskens EJ, Van Den Bod GAM, Kromhout D. Non-response bias in a study of cardiovascular diseases, functional status and self-rated health among elderly men. Age and Ageing 1998; 27: 35–40.
42. Reijneveld SA, Stronks K. The impact of response bias on estimates of health care utilization in a metropolitan area: The use of administrative data. Int J Epidemiol 1999; 28: 1134–1140.
43. Vartiainen E, Jousilahti P, Alfthan G, Sundvall J, Pietinen P, Puska P. Cardiovascular risk factor changes in Finland, 1972–1997. Int J Epidemiol 2000; 29: 49–56.
44. Grotzinger KM, Stuart BC, Ahern F. Assessment and control of nonresponse bias in a survey of medicine use by the elderly. Med Care 1994; 32: 989–1003.
45. Kmietowicz Z. Statins are the new aspirin, Oxford researchers say. BMJ 2001; 323: 1145.
46. Woodward M, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Coffee and tea consumption in the Scottish Heart Health Study follow up: Conflicting relations with coronary risk factors, coronary disease, and all cause mortality. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1999; 53: 481–487.
47. Doll R, Hill AB. Mortality of British doctors in relation to smoking: Observations on coronary thrombosis. National Cancer Institute Monographs 1966; 19: 205–268.
48. Isles CG, Hole DJ, Gillis CR, Hawthorne VM, Lever AF. Plasma cholesterol, coronary heart disease, and cancer in the Renfrew and Paisley survey. BMJ 1989; 298: 920–924.
49. Dawber TR, Meadors GF, Moore FEJ. Epidemiological approaches to heart disease: The Framingham Study. Am J Public Health 1951; 41: 279–286.
50. Smith GD, Hart C, Watt G, Hole D, Hawthorne V. Individual social class, area-based deprivation, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and mortality: The Renfrew and Paisley Study. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1998; 52: 399–405.
51. Kannel WB. Role of blood pressure in cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Study. Angiology 1975; 26: 1–14.
52. Kannel WB. The role of lipids and blood pressure in the development of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study. Giornale Italiano di Cardiologia 1974; 4: 123–137.
53. Kannel WB. Habitual level of physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease: The Framingham study. CMAJ 1967; 96: 811–812.
54. Hu FB, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Spiegelman D, Willett WC. Prospective study of major dietary patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 912–921.
55. Burr ML. Fish and ischaemic heart disease. World Rev Nutrition Dietetics 1993; 72: 49–60.
56. Humphries SE, Talmud PJ, Hawe E, Bolla M, Day IN, Miller GJ. Apolipoprotein E4 and coronary heart disease in middle-aged men who smoke: A prospective study. Lancet 2001; 358: 115–119.
57. Sweetnam PM, Thomas HF, Yarnell JW, Beswick AD, Baker IA, Elwood PC. Fibrinogen, viscosity and the 10-year incidence of ischaemic heart disease. Eur Heart J 1996; 17: 1814–1820.
58. Lowe GD, Yarnell JW, Sweetnam PM, Rumley A, Thomas HF, Elwood PC. Fibrin d-dimer tissue, plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and the risk of major ischaemic heart disease in the Caerphilly Study. Thromb Haemost 1998; 79: 129–133.
59. Nehler MR, Taylor LM, Porter JM. Homocysteinemia as a risk factor for atherosclerosis: A review. Cardiovasc Surg 1997; 5: 559–567.
60. Lindahl B, Toss H, Siegbahn A, Venge P, Wallentin L. Markers of myocardial damage and inflammation in relation to long-term mortality in unstable coronary artery disease. FRISC Study Group. Fragmin during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1139–1147.
61. Biasucci LM, Liuzzo G, Angiolillo DJ, Sperti G, Maseri A. Inflammation and acute coronary syndromes. Herz 2000; 25: 108–112.
62. Gurfinkel E, Bozovich G. Chlamydia pneumoniae: Inflammation and instability of the atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis 1998; 140 (suppl 1): S31–S35.
63. Sheehan D, Bennett T, Cashman K. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms and serum cholesterol in healthy Irish adults: A proposed genetic marker for coronary artery disease risk. Irish J Med Sci 2000; 169: 50–54.
64. Stein CE, Fall CH, Kumaran K, Osmond C, Cox V, Barker DJ. Fetal growth and coronary heart disease in south India. Lancet 1996; 348: 1269–1273.
65. Kuulasmaa K, Tunstall PH, Dobson AJ, France M, Sans S, Tolonen H, et al Estimation of contribution of changes in classic risk factors to trends in coronary-event rates across the WHO MONICA Project. Lancet 2000; 355: 675–687.
66. Shaper AG, Pocock SJ, Walker M, Cohen NM, Wale CJ, Thomson AG. British Regional Heart Study: Cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men in 24 towns. BMJ Clin Res Ed 1981; 283: 179–186.
67. Larson MG. Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly: The Framingham Heart Study. Stat Med 1995; 14: 1745–1756.
68. Imeson JD, Haines AP, Meade TW. Skinfold thickness, body mass index and ischaemic heart disease. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1989; 43: 223–227.
69. Unwin NC, Harland J, White M, Bhopal R, Winocour PH, Stephenson P, et al Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and glucose intolerance in Chinese and European adults in Newcastle, UK. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1997; 51: 160–166.
70. Lampe FC, Walker M, Lennon LT, Whincup PH, Ebrahim S. Validity of a self-reported history of doctor-diagnosed angina. J Clin Epidemiol 1999; 52: 73–81.
71. Patrick DL, Cheadle A, Thompson DC, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Kinne S. The validity of self-reported smoking: A review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 1086–1093.
72. Woodward M, Tunstall PH. Biochemical evidence of persistent heavy smoking after a coronary diagnosis despite self-reported reduction: Analysis from the Scottish Heart Health Study. Eur Heart J 1992; 13: 160–165.
73. Chase D, Roderick P, Cooper K, Davies R, Rafftery J. A computer simulation model of the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. J Epidemiol Commun Health 2001; 55 (suppl 1):A50.
74. Kemm J. Models and Muddles and HIA. 4th Annual Health Impact Assessment Conference; 2001. Liverpool, UK.
75. Ramachandran S, French JM, Vanderpump MP, Croft P, Neary RH. Should treatment recommendations for lipid lowering drugs be based on absolute coronary risk or risk reduction? BMJ 2000; 320: 677–679.
76. Department of Health. Saving lives: Our healthier nation, 1999; London, Stationery Office.
77. Critchley JA, Capewell S. Why model coronary heart disease? Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 110–116.
78. Perry A, Capewell S, Walker A, Chalmers J, Redpath A, Major K, et al Measuring the costs and benefits of heart disease monitoring. Heart 2000; 83: 651–656.
79. Critchley JA. Smoking Cessation for the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. By how much and how quickly does mortlaity risk decline among patients with CHD who stop smoking? London: Systematic Reviews Training Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College; 2000.