메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 147-152

Patients on party drugs undergoing anesthesia

Author keywords

Addiction; Anesthesia; Cocaine; Drug abuse; Ecstasy; Heroin

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; 4 HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; ALCOHOL; AMPHETAMINE; ANESTHETIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CANNABIS; COCAINE; DIAMORPHINE; FLUNITRAZEPAM; ILLICIT DRUG; METHAMPHETAMINE; PHENCYCLIDINE; SUXAMETHONIUM; THIOPENTAL;

EID: 0037398096     PISSN: 09527907     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001503-200304000-00007     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (19)

References (63)
  • 2
    • 0038551770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illegal drug use and public policy
    • Grossman M, Chaloupka FJ, Shim K. Illegal drug use and public policy. Health Aff (Millwood) 2002; 21:134-145. An overview of how drug abuse has created public policy and vice versa.
    • (2002) Health Aff (Millwood) , vol.21 , pp. 134-145
    • Grossman, M.1    Chaloupka, F.J.2    Shim, K.3
  • 4
    • 0036150753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unusual presentation of inhalant abuse with dissociative amnesia
    • Miller PW, Mycyk MB, Leikin JB, Ruland SD. An unusual presentation of inhalant abuse with dissociative amnesia. Vet Hum Toxicol 2002; 44:17-19. During an 18-month work-up for seizures the patient never mentioned how the seizures were preceded by his inhalant abuse.
    • (2002) Vet Hum Toxicol , vol.44 , pp. 17-19
    • Miller, P.W.1    Mycyk, M.B.2    Leikin, J.B.3    Ruland, S.D.4
  • 5
    • 0027511292 scopus 로고
    • The underreporting of cocaine-related trauma: Drug abuse warning network reports vs. hospital toxicology tests
    • Brookoff D, Campbell EA, Shaw LM. The underreporting of cocaine-related trauma: drug abuse warning network reports vs. hospital toxicology tests. Am J Public Health 1993; 83:369-371
    • (1993) Am J Public Health , vol.83 , pp. 369-371
    • Brookoff, D.1    Campbell, E.A.2    Shaw, L.M.3
  • 6
    • 0035007315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The patient recovering from alcohol or drug addiction: Special issues for the anesthesiologist
    • May J, White H, Leonard-White A. The patient recovering from alcohol or drug addiction: special issues for the anesthesiologist. Anesth Analg 2001; 92:1601-1608. An excellent discourse on issues such as sedation, pain control, and altered physiology.
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.92 , pp. 1601-1608
    • May, J.1    White, H.2    Leonard-White, A.3
  • 7
    • 0036144593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dextromethorphan can produce false positive phenoyclidine testing with HPLC
    • Budai B, Iskandar H. Dextromethorphan can produce false positive phenoyclidine testing with HPLC. Am J Emerg Med 2002; 20:61-62. Cough syrup shows up as phenoyolidine as well as opioid.
    • (2002) Am J Emerg Med , vol.20 , pp. 61-62
    • Budai, B.1    Iskandar, H.2
  • 8
    • 0033819814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance and evaluations of four on-site drug-testing devices for detection of drug abuse in urine
    • Peace MR, Tarnai LD, Poklis A. Performance and evaluations of four on-site drug-testing devices for detection of drug abuse in urine. J Anal Toxicol 2000; 24:589-594.
    • (2000) J Anal Toxicol , vol.24 , pp. 589-594
    • Peace, M.R.1    Tarnai, L.D.2    Poklis, A.3
  • 9
    • 0033810085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the ion trap mass spectrometer for routine qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs of abuse extracted from urine
    • Voroe SP, Sklerov JH, Kalsinsky KS. Assessment of the ion trap mass spectrometer for routine qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs of abuse extracted from urine. J Anal Toxiool 2000; 24:595-601.
    • (2000) J Anal Toxiool , vol.24 , pp. 595-601
    • Voroe, S.P.1    Sklerov, J.H.2    Kalsinsky, K.S.3
  • 10
    • 0033971091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical applications of hair testing for drugs of abuse: The Canadian experience
    • Klein J, Karaskov T, Koren G. Clinical applications of hair testing for drugs of abuse: the Canadian experience. Forens Sci Int 2000; 107:281-288.
    • (2000) Forens Sci Int , vol.107 , pp. 281-288
    • Klein, J.1    Karaskov, T.2    Koren, G.3
  • 11
    • 0242716546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DAWN Report (Drug Abuse Warning Network). www.SAMHSA.gov [Accessed 30 October 2002].
  • 12
    • 0035194850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive review of MDMA and GHB: Two common club drugs
    • A comprehensive review of MDMA and GHB: two common club drugs. Pharmaootherapy 2001; 21:1486-1513. An excellent article on nearly every aspect of MDMA, including metabolites that could accumulate and wreak havoc. Includes pharmacokinetic data and how not all effects are dose dependent
    • (2001) Pharmaootherapy , vol.21 , pp. 1486-1513
  • 13
    • 0242547433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the Future Survey. www.NIDA.NIH.gov [Accessed 30 October 2002].
  • 14
    • 0035379625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonidine abuse among opiate addicts
    • Dennison SJ. Clonidine abuse among opiate addicts. Psychiatr Q 2001; 72:191-195. Clonidine withdrawal by addicts abusing it to increase their high could result in lethal hypertensive changes.
    • (2001) Psychiatr Q , vol.72 , pp. 191-195
    • Dennison, S.J.1
  • 16
    • 0034839472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of polysubstance abuse in the parturient
    • Birnbach DJ, Browne IM, Kim A, et al. Identification of polysubstance abuse in the parturient. Br J Anaesth 2001; 87:488-490. An evaluation of a new immunodiagnostic assay that revealed a high prevalence of opioid abuse in cocaine-abusing patients.
    • (2001) Br J Anaesth , vol.87 , pp. 488-490
    • Birnbach, D.J.1    Browne, I.M.2    Kim, A.3
  • 17
    • 0033659374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between cigarette smoking and drug abuse in the United States
    • Lai S, Lai H, Page JB. The association between cigarette smoking and drug abuse in the United States. J Addict Dis 2000; 19:11-23.
    • (2000) J Addict Dis , vol.19 , pp. 11-23
    • Lai, S.1    Lai, H.2    Page, J.B.3
  • 18
    • 0034983853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine alters some of cocaine's subjective effects in the absence of physiological or pharmacokinetic changes
    • Kouri M, Stull M, Lukas SE. Nicotine alters some of cocaine's subjective effects in the absence of physiological or pharmacokinetic changes. Pharmacol Biochem Behave 2001; 69:209-217. Nicotine actually interferes with some of the sought-after effects of cocaine, which begs further research into nicotinic action in the brain.
    • (2001) Pharmacol Biochem Behave , vol.69 , pp. 209-217
    • Kouri, M.1    Stull, M.2    Lukas, S.E.3
  • 19
    • 0036593837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical efficacy of cannabinoids and marijuana: A comprehensive review of the literature
    • Bagshaw SM, Hagen NA. Medical efficacy of cannabinoids and marijuana: a comprehensive review of the literature. J Palliat Care 2002; 18:111-122. A large review of the beneficial uses of cannabis as supported in the scientific literature.
    • (2002) J Palliat Care , vol.18 , pp. 111-122
    • Bagshaw, S.M.1    Hagen, N.A.2
  • 21
    • 0036234624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of smoking marijuana on brain perfusion and cognition
    • O'Leary DS, Block RI, Koeppel JA, et al. Effects of smoking marijuana on brain perfusion and cognition. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002; 26:802-816.
    • (2002) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.26 , pp. 802-816
    • O'Leary, D.S.1    Block, R.I.2    Koeppel, J.A.3
  • 22
    • 0032924511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abstinence symptoms following smoked marijuana in humans
    • Haney M, Ward AS, Comer SD. Abstinence symptoms following smoked marijuana in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999; 141:395-404.
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.141 , pp. 395-404
    • Haney, M.1    Ward, A.S.2    Comer, S.D.3
  • 23
    • 0036283635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung bullae and marijuana
    • Thompson CS, White RJ. Lung bullae and marijuana. Thorax 2002; 57:563.
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 563
    • Thompson, C.S.1    White, R.J.2
  • 24
    • 0035089020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway effects of marijuana, cocaine, and other inhaled illicit agents
    • Tashkin DP. Airway effects of marijuana, cocaine, and other inhaled illicit agents. Curr Opin Pulmon Med 2001; 7:43-61. An excellent overview of what inhaling common illicit substances does to the airways, with a great bibliography.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Pulmon Med , vol.7 , pp. 43-61
    • Tashkin, D.P.1
  • 25
    • 0036079623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis abuse and Laryngospasm
    • White SM. Cannabis abuse and Laryngospasm. Anaesthesia 2002; 57:622-623. Marijuana smoking is known to cause significant airway changes, and can precipitate laryngospasm.
    • (2002) Anaesthesia , vol.57 , pp. 622-623
    • White, S.M.1
  • 26
    • 0037198874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of cannabinoids
    • Jarai Z, Kunos G. Cardiovascular effects of cannabinoids. Orv Hetil 2002; 143:1563-1568. CB-1 receptors cause vasodilation and bradycardia and may play a role in different types of shock.
    • (2002) Orv Hetil , vol.143 , pp. 1563-1568
    • Jarai, Z.1    Kunos, G.2
  • 27
    • 0035694707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early invasive pulmonary aspergiliosis in a leukemia patient linked to aspergillus contaminated marijuana smoking
    • Szyper-Kravitz M, Lang R, Manor Y. Early invasive pulmonary aspergiliosis in a leukemia patient linked to aspergillus contaminated marijuana smoking. Leuk Lymphoma 2001; 42:1433-1437. CB-2 receptors are expressed on immune cells, and smoking contaminated marijuana may make infection with unusual organisms easier.
    • (2001) Leuk Lymphoma , vol.42 , pp. 1433-1437
    • Szyper-Kravitz, M.1    Lang, R.2    Manor, Y.3
  • 28
    • 0037022908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of the blood pressure-raising effect of cocaine in humans
    • Tuncel M, Wang Z, Arbique D, et al. Mechanism of the blood pressure-raising effect of cocaine in humans. Circulation 2002; 105:1054-1059. A brilliant piece on recreating the actual human experience of cocaine abuse (not anesthetized) and documenting the real cause of cocaine hypertension.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1054-1059
    • Tuncel, M.1    Wang, Z.2    Arbique, D.3
  • 29
    • 0036329107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cocaine and alcohol alone and in combination on cardiovascular performance in dogs
    • Mehta MC, Jain AC, Billie M. Effects of cocaine and alcohol alone and in combination on cardiovascular performance in dogs. Am J Med Sci 2002; 324:76-83. An interesting work on how two drugs may be synergistic in one combination and only additive in another.
    • (2002) Am J Med Sci , vol.324 , pp. 76-83
    • Mehta, M.C.1    Jain, A.C.2    Billie, M.3
  • 30
    • 0034704439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine, HIV, and their cardiovascular effects: Is there a role for ACE-inhibitor therapy?
    • Margolin A, Avants SK, Setaro JF, et al. Cocaine, HIV, and their cardiovascular effects: is there a role for ACE-inhibitor therapy? Drug Alcohol Depend 2000; 61:35-45.
    • (2000) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.61 , pp. 35-45
    • Margolin, A.1    Avants, S.K.2    Setaro, J.F.3
  • 31
    • 0036727778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexmedetomidine increases the cocaine seizure threshold in rats
    • Whittington R, Virag L, Vulliemoz Y, et al. Dexmedetomidine increases the cocaine seizure threshold in rats. Anesthesiology 1997; 3:693-700.
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.3 , pp. 693-700
    • Whittington, R.1    Virag, L.2    Vulliemoz, Y.3
  • 32
    • 0035850849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol administration potentiates cocaine-induced dopamine levels in the rat nucleus aooumbens
    • Lindholm S, Rosin A, Dahlin I, et al. Ethanol administration potentiates cocaine-induced dopamine levels in the rat nucleus aooumbens. Brain Res 2001; 915:176-184. Alcohol increases the dopamine reward from cocaine.
    • (2001) Brain Res , vol.915 , pp. 176-184
    • Lindholm, S.1    Rosin, A.2    Dahlin, I.3
  • 33
    • 0033990665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of stimulated lipid-peroxidation and impaired calcium sequestration in the enhancement of cocaine induced hepatotoxioity by ethanol
    • Oztezcan S, Dogru-Abbasoglu S, Mutlu-Turkoglu U, et al. The role of stimulated lipid-peroxidation and impaired calcium sequestration in the enhancement of cocaine induced hepatotoxioity by ethanol. Drug Alcohol Depend 2000; 58:77-83.
    • (2000) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.58 , pp. 77-83
    • Oztezcan, S.1    Dogru-Abbasoglu, S.2    Mutlu-Turkoglu, U.3
  • 34
    • 0034745952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of chronic cocaine administration on hemodynamic stability and neurohumoral mediators during isoflurane anesthesia and shock in rats
    • Mets B, Pantuok CB, Diaz J, Soo E. The effect of chronic cocaine administration on hemodynamic stability and neurohumoral mediators during isoflurane anesthesia and shock in rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001; 45:377-384. After 13 days of cocaine, the rats were no different from controls in terms of the hormonal or hypotensive response to isoflurane.
    • (2001) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.45 , pp. 377-384
    • Mets, B.1    Pantuok, C.B.2    Diaz, J.3    Soo, E.4
  • 35
    • 0035672469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions in anesthesia: Anesthetic management of the drug abusing parturient
    • Birnbach DJ. Interactions in anesthesia: anesthetic management of the drug abusing parturient. Acta Anaesth Belg 2001; 52:351-356. A review of the obstetric and anesthetic implications of drug abuse in the pregnant patient.
    • (2001) Acta Anaesth Belg , vol.52 , pp. 351-356
    • Birnbach, D.J.1
  • 36
    • 0036708074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of haloperidol or risperadone on subjective responses to methamphetamine in healthy volunteers
    • Wachtel S, Ortengren A, Wit H. The effects of haloperidol or risperadone on subjective responses to methamphetamine in healthy volunteers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002; 68:23-33.
    • (2002) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.68 , pp. 23-33
    • Wachtel, S.1    Ortengren, A.2    Wit, H.3
  • 37
    • 0033849931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General anesthesia in a patient on long-term amphetamine therapy: Is there a cause for concern?
    • Fischer SP, Healzer JM, Brook MW, Brook-Utne JG. General anesthesia in a patient on long-term amphetamine therapy: is there a cause for concern? Anesth Analg 2000; 91:756-759.
    • (2000) Anesth Analg , vol.91 , pp. 756-759
    • Fischer, S.P.1    Healzer, J.M.2    Brook, M.W.3    Brook-Utne, J.G.4
  • 38
    • 0036099574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered response to intravenous thiopental and succinyloholine in acute amphetamine abuse
    • Stibolt O, Wachowiak-Anderson G. Altered response to intravenous thiopental and succinyloholine in acute amphetamine abuse. Acta Anesthesiol Scand 2002; 46:609-610. Amphetamine in this case report seems to shorten drug effect, contrary to previous case reporting with cocaine and succinyloholine.
    • (2002) Acta Anesthesiol Scand , vol.46 , pp. 609-610
    • Stibolt, O.1    Wachowiak-Anderson, G.2
  • 39
    • 0036140501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumomediastinum following ecstasy ingestion in two people at the same rave
    • Rejali D, Glen P, Odom N. Pneumomediastinum following ecstasy ingestion in two people at the same rave. J Laryngol Otol 2002; 116:75-76. A highly probable link with no clear explanation.
    • (2002) J Laryngol Otol , vol.116 , pp. 75-76
    • Rejali, D.1    Glen, P.2    Odom, N.3
  • 40
    • 0036171484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy: Are the psychological problems associated with its use reversed by prolonged abstinence?
    • Morgan MJ, McFie L, Fleetwood H, Robinson JA. Ecstasy: are the psychological problems associated with its use reversed by prolonged abstinence? Psyohopharmaoology (Berl) 2002; 159:294-303.
    • (2002) Psyohopharmaoology (Berl) , vol.159 , pp. 294-303
    • Morgan, M.J.1    McFie, L.2    Fleetwood, H.3    Robinson, J.A.4
  • 41
    • 0034913606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of ecstasy abuse on the human brain studied by FDG PET
    • Buchert R, Obrooki J, Thomasius O, et al. Long-term effects of ecstasy abuse on the human brain studied by FDG PET. Nucl Med Commun 2001; 22:889-897. Adolescent or prolonged MDMA abuse produces long-lasting changes in glucose metabolism in the brain, despite abstinence.
    • (2001) Nucl Med Commun , vol.22 , pp. 889-897
    • Buchert, R.1    Obrooki, J.2    Thomasius, O.3
  • 42
    • 0034661051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and sympathetic responses and reflex changes elicited by MDMA
    • O'Cain PA, Hletko SB, Ogden BA, Varner KJ. Cardiovascular and sympathetic responses and reflex changes elicited by MDMA. Physiol Behav 2000; 70:141-148.
    • (2000) Physiol Behav , vol.70 , pp. 141-148
    • O'Cain, P.A.1    Hletko, S.B.2    Ogden, B.A.3    Varner, K.J.4
  • 44
    • 0036156417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy (MDMA) deaths in New York City: A case series and review of the literature
    • Gill JR, Hayes JA, de Souza IS, et al. Ecstasy (MDMA) deaths in New York City: a case series and review of the literature. J Forens Sci 2002; 47:121-126.
    • (2002) J Forens Sci , vol.47 , pp. 121-126
    • Gill, J.R.1    Hayes, J.A.2    De Souza, I.S.3
  • 45
    • 0034237466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhabdomyolisis and drugs of abuse
    • Richards JR. Rhabdomyolisis and drugs of abuse. J Emerg Med 2000; 19:51-56.
    • (2000) J Emerg Med , vol.19 , pp. 51-56
    • Richards, J.R.1
  • 46
    • 0035372569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GHB: A new and novel drug of abuse
    • Nicholson KL, Balster RL, GHB: a new and novel drug of abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend 2001; 63:1-22. An excellent review of γ-hydroxybutyrate, which has some clinical potential, and because it has a relatively safe profile and is easy to make at home will probably continue as an abused agent.
    • (2001) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.63 , pp. 1-22
    • Nicholson, K.L.1    Balster, R.L.2
  • 47
    • 0031783949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: An emerging recreational drug
    • Kam PC, Yoong FF, Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: an emerging recreational drug. Anaesthesia 1998; 53:1195-1198.
    • (1998) Anaesthesia , vol.53 , pp. 1195-1198
    • Kam, P.C.1    Yoong, F.F.2
  • 50
    • 0033999828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convulsive status epilepticus following abrupt high-dose benzodiazepine discontinuation
    • Gatzonis SD, Angelopoulos EK, Daskalopoulou EG, et al. Convulsive status epilepticus following abrupt high-dose benzodiazepine discontinuation. Drug Alcohol Depend 2000; 59:95-97.
    • (2000) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.59 , pp. 95-97
    • Gatzonis, S.D.1    Angelopoulos, E.K.2    Daskalopoulou, E.G.3
  • 51
    • 0033829883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous intravenous flumazenil infusion for benzodiazepine poisoning
    • Brammer G, Gibly R, Walter FG, et al. Continuous intravenous flumazenil infusion for benzodiazepine poisoning. Vet Hum Toxiool 2001; 42:280-281. Rohypnol and other benzodiazepines with intermediate to long half-lives can be treated with flumazenil infusion safely.
    • (2001) Vet Hum Toxiool , vol.42 , pp. 280-281
    • Brammer, G.1    Gibly, R.2    Walter, F.G.3
  • 52
    • 0035188554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum and urine concentrations of flunitrazepam and metabolites after a single oral dose, by immunoassay and GC-MS
    • Snyder H, Sohwenzer KS, Pearlman R, et al. Serum and urine concentrations of flunitrazepam and metabolites after a single oral dose, by immunoassay and GC-MS. J Anal Toxicol 2001; 25:699-704. Gas chromatography is best, but the SBENZ tool can detect rohypnol up to 72 h after a single dose.
    • (2001) J Anal Toxicol , vol.25 , pp. 699-704
    • Snyder, H.1    Sohwenzer, K.S.2    Pearlman, R.3
  • 53
    • 0037008347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to chronic PCP results in hyperfunctional NMDA and hypofunctional GABA(A) synaptic receptors
    • Yu B, Wang C, Liu J, et al. Adaptation to chronic PCP results in hyperfunctional NMDA and hypofunctional GABA(A) synaptic receptors. Neuroscience 2002; 113:1-10. This study explains the behavioral changes in phencyclidine abusers and offers insight into potential problems with anesthetizing chronic phencyclidine abusers.
    • (2002) Neuroscience , vol.113 , pp. 1-10
    • Yu, B.1    Wang, C.2    Liu, J.3
  • 55
    • 0034332504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute ketamine intoxication treated by haloperidol: A preliminary study
    • Giannini AJ, Underwood NA, Condon M. Acute ketamine intoxication treated by haloperidol: a preliminary study. Am J Ther 2000; 7:389-391.
    • (2000) Am J Ther , vol.7 , pp. 389-391
    • Giannini, A.J.1    Underwood, N.A.2    Condon, M.3
  • 56
    • 0032104703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural basis of inhalant abuse
    • Balster RL. Neural basis of inhalant abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend 1998; 51:207-214.
    • (1998) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.51 , pp. 207-214
    • Balster, R.L.1
  • 57
    • 0036471643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toluene inhalation produces regionally specific changes in extracellular dopamine
    • Gerasimov MR, Schiffer WK, Marstellar D, et al. Toluene inhalation produces regionally specific changes in extracellular dopamine. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002; 65:243-251.
    • (2002) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.65 , pp. 243-251
    • Gerasimov, M.R.1    Schiffer, W.K.2    Marstellar, D.3
  • 58
    • 0028925335 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol use in combination with cocaine, heroin, and methadone by medical examiner cases
    • Haberman PW, Noble JA, Dufour MC. Alcohol use in combination with cocaine, heroin, and methadone by medical examiner cases. J Stud Alcohol 1995; 56:344-347.
    • (1995) J Stud Alcohol , vol.56 , pp. 344-347
    • Haberman, P.W.1    Noble, J.A.2    Dufour, M.C.3
  • 59
    • 0035096359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New developments in the pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence
    • Myrick H, Brady KT, Malcolm R. New developments in the pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence. Am J Addict 2001; 10 (Suppl):3-15.
    • (2001) Am J Addict , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 3-15
    • Myrick, H.1    Brady, K.T.2    Malcolm, R.3
  • 60
    • 0141854772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative studies on liver fibrosis and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in heroin abusers
    • de Arujo MS, Guerret S, Gerard F, et al. Quantitative studies on liver fibrosis and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in heroin abusers. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1997; 43:589-596.
    • (1997) Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) , vol.43 , pp. 589-596
    • De Arujo, M.S.1    Guerret, S.2    Gerard, F.3
  • 61
    • 0029349178 scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine and MHPG plasma levels, platelet MAO activity, and 3H-imipramine binding in heroin and cocaine addicts
    • Macedo T, Ribeiro CA, Cotrim D, et al. Catecholamine and MHPG plasma levels, platelet MAO activity, and 3H-imipramine binding in heroin and cocaine addicts. Mol Neurobiol 1995; 11:21-29.
    • (1995) Mol Neurobiol , vol.11 , pp. 21-29
    • Macedo, T.1    Ribeiro, C.A.2    Cotrim, D.3
  • 62
    • 0034012320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, efficacy, and long-term results of a modified version of rapid opiate detoxification under general anesthesia: A prospective study in methadone, heroin, codeine, and morphine addicts
    • Hensel M, Kox WJ. Safety, efficacy, and long-term results of a modified version of rapid opiate detoxification under general anesthesia: a prospective study in methadone, heroin, codeine, and morphine addicts. Acta Anaesth Scand 2000; 44:326-333.
    • (2000) Acta Anaesth Scand , vol.44 , pp. 326-333
    • Hensel, M.1    Kox, W.J.2
  • 63
    • 0035197319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra rapid opioid detoxification: Effects on cardiopulmonary physiology, stress hormones and clinical outcomes
    • Elman I, D'Ambra MN, Krause S, et al. Ultra rapid opioid detoxification: effects on cardiopulmonary physiology, stress hormones and clinical outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2001; 61:163-172. Side-effects include significant respiratory distress in the post-anesthetic phase.
    • (2001) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.61 , pp. 163-172
    • Elman, I.1    D'Ambra, M.N.2    Krause, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.