Transcriptional silencing and translational control: Key features of early germline development

BioEssays

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 326-335

  Leatherman, Judith L ^a   Jongens, Thomas A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLASTOMERE; CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS; CELL FATE; CELL FUNCTION; CELL LINEAGE; CELL MATURATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CELL TYPE; DROSOPHILA; GENE CONTROL; GENE FUNCTION; GENE REPRESSION; GENE SILENCING; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GERM CELL; GERM LINE; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; REVIEW; RNA TRANSCRIPTION; RNA TRANSLATION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; TRANSLATION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL; GENE SILENCING; GERM CELLS; MITOCHONDRIA; PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS; RNA, RIBOSOMAL; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0037390569     PISSN: 02659247     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bies.10247     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Mahowald AP. Assembly of the Drosophila germ plasm. Int Rev Cytol 2001;203:187-213.
2. Starz-Gaiano M, Lehmann R. Moving towards the next generation. Mech Dev 2001;105:5-18.
3. Pritchard DK, Schubiger G. Activation of transcription in Drosophila embryos is a gradual process mediated by the nucleocytoplasmic ratio Genes Dev 1996;10:1131-1142.
4. Zalokar M. Autoradiographic study of protein and RNA formation during early development of Drosophila eggs. Dev Biol 1976;49:425-437.
5. Lamb MM, Laird CD. Increase in nuclear poly(A)-containing RNA at syncytial blastoderm in Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Dev Biol 1976;52:31-42.
6. Seydoux G, Fire A. Soma-germline asymmetry in the distributions of embryonic RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 1994;120: 2823-2834.
7. Seydoux G, Mello CC, Pettitt J, Wood WB, Priess JR, Fire A. Repression of gene expression in the embryonic germ lineage of C. elegans. Nature 1996;382:713-716.
8. Seydoux G, Dunn MA. Transcriptionally repressed germ cells lack a subpopulation of phosphorylated RNA polymerase II in early embryos of Caenerhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Development 1997;124:2191-2201.
9. Leatherman JL, Levin L, Boero J, Jongens TA. germ cell-less acts to repress transcription during the establishment of the Drosophila germ cell lineage Curr Biol 2002;12:1681-1685.
10. Robertson SE, Dockendorff TC, Leatherman JL, Faulkner DL, Jongens TA. germ cell-less is required only during the establishment of the germ cell lineage of Drosophila and has activities which are dependent and independent of its localization to the nuclear envelope. Dev Biol 1999; 215:288-297.
11. Parisi M, Lin H. Translational repression: a duet of Nanos and Pumilio. Curr Biol 2000;10:R81-R83.
12. Kobayashi S, Yamada M, Asaoka M, Kitamura T. Essential role of the posterior morphogen nanos for germline development in Drosophila. Nature 1996;380:708-711.
13. Asaoka-Taguchi M, Yamada M, Nakamura A, Hanyu K, Kobayashi S. Maternal Pumilio acts together with Nanos in germline development in Drosophila embryos. Nat Cell Biol 1999;1:431-437.
14. Asaoka M, Sano H, Obara Y, Kobayashi S. Maternal Nanos regulates zygotic gene expression in germline progenitors of Drosophila melanogaster. Mech Dev 1998;78:153-158.
15. Deshpande G, Calhoun G, Yanowitz JL, Schedl PD. Novel functions of nanos in downregulating mitosis and transcription during the development of the Drosophila germline. Cell 1999;99:271-281.
16. Mello CC, Draper BW, Krause M, Weintraub H, Priess JR. The pie-1 and mex-1 genes and maternal control of blastomere identity in early C. elegans embryos. Cell 1992;70:163-176.
17. Mello CC, Schubert C, Draper B, Zhang W, Lobel R, Priess JR. The PIE-1 protein and germline specification in C. elegans embryos. Nature 1996; 382:710-712.
18. Garvin C, Holdeman R, Strome S. The phenotype of mes-2, mes-3, mes-4 and mes-6, maternal-effect genes required for survival of the germline in Caenorhabditis elegans, is sensitive to chromosome dosage. Genetics 1998;148:167-185.
19. Holdeman R, Nehrt S, Strome S. MES-2, a maternal protein essential for viability of the germline in Caenorhabditis elegans, is homologous to a Drosophila Polycomb group protein. Development 1998;125:2457-2467.
20. Korf I, Fan Y, Strome S. The Polycomb group in Caenorhabditis elegans and maternal control of germline development. Development 1998; 125: 2469-2478.
21. Pirrotta V. PcG complexes and chromatin silencing. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1997;7:249-258.
22. Kelly WG, Fire A. Chromatin silencing and the maintenance of a functional germline in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 1998;125: 2451-2456.
23. Fong Y, Bender L, Wang W, Strome S. Regulation of the different chromatin states of autosomes and X chromosomes in the germ line of C. elegans. Science 2002;296:2235-2238.
24. Jongens TA, Ackerman LD, Swedlow JR, Jan LY, Jan YN. Germ cell-less encodes a cell type-specific nuclear pore-associated protein and functions early in the germ-cell specification pathway of Drosophila. Genes Dev 1994;8:2123-2136.
25. Hediger F, Gasser SM. Nuclear organization and silencing: putting things in their place. Nat Cell Biol 2002;4:E53-E55.
26. Sonoda J, Wharton RP. Recruitment of Nanos to hunchback mRNA by Pumilio. Genes Dev 1999;13:2704-2712.
27. Arrizabalaga G, Lehmann R. A selective screen reveals discrete functional domains in Drosophila Nanos. Genetics 1999;153:1825-1838.
28. Wharton RP, Struhl G. RNA regulatory elements mediate control of Drosophila body pattern by the posterior morphogen nanos. Cell 1991; 67:955-967.
29. Dockendorff TC, Tang Z, Jongens TA. Cloning of karyopherin-alpha3 from Drosophila through its interaction with the nuclear localization sequence of germ cell-less protein. Biol Chem 1999;380:1263-1272.
30. Batchelder C, Dunn MA, Choy B, Suh Y, Cassie C, Shim EY, Shin TH, Mello C, Seydoux G, Blackwell TK. Transcriptional repression by the Caenorhabditis elegans germ-line protein PIE-1. Genes Dev 1999;13: 202-212.
31. Van Doren M, Williamson AL, Lehmann R. Regulation of zygotic gene expression in Drosophila primordial germ cells. Curr Biol 1998;8:243-246.
32. Underwood EM, Caulton JH, Allis CD, Mahowald AP. Developmental fate of pole cells in Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Biol 1980;77:303-314.
33. Kelly WG, Xu S, Montgomery MK, Fire A. Distinct requirements for somatic and germline expression of a generally expressed Caernorhabditis elegans gene Genetics 1997;146:227-238.
34. Allis CD, Underwood EM, Caulton JH, Mahowald AP. Pole cells of Drosophila melanogaster in culture. Normal metabolism, ultrastructure, and functional capabilities. Dev Biol 1979;69:451-465.
35. Kimura T, Yomogida K, Iwai N, Kato Y, Nakano T. Molecular cloning and genomic organization of mouse homologue of Drosophila germ cell-less and its expression in germ lineage cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999;262:223-230.
36. Leatherman JL, Kaestner KH, Jongens TA. Identification of a mouse germ cell-less homologue with conserved activity in Drosophila. Mech Dev 2000;92:145-153.
37. de la Luna S, Allen KE, Mason SL, La Thangue NB. Integration of a growth-suppressing BTB/POZ domain protein with the DP component of the E2F transcription factor. EMBO J 1999;18:212-228.
38. Knaut H, Pelegri F, Bohmann K, Schwarz H, Nusslein-Volhard C. Zebrafish vasa RNA but not its protein is a component of the germ plasm and segregates asymmetrically before germline specification. J Cell Biol 2000;149:875-888.
39. Saitou M, Barton SC, Surani MA. A molecular programme for the specification of germ cell fate in mice. Nature 2002;418:293-300.
40. Pesce M, Gross MK, Scholer HR. In line with our ancestors: Oct-4 and the mammalian germ. Bioessays 1998;20:722-732.
41. Monk M, Boubelik M, Lehnert S. Temporal and regional changes in DNA methylation in the embryonic, extraembryonic and germ cell lineages during mouse embryo development. Development 1987;99:371-382.
42. Kafri T, Ariel M, Brandeis M, Shemer R, Urven L, McCarrey J, Cedar H, Razin A. Developmental pattern of gene-specific DNA methylation in the mouse embryo and germ line. Genes Dev 1992;6:705-714.
43. Ben-Shushan E, Pikarsky E, Klar A, Bergman Y. Extinction of Oct-3/4 gene expression in embryonal carcinoma x fibroblast somatic cell hybrids is accompanied by changes in the methylation status, chromatin structure, and transcriptional activity of the Oct-3/4 upstream region Mol Cell Biol 1993;13:891-901.
44. Mahowald AP. Polar granules of Drosophila. II. Ultrastructural changes during early embryogenesis. J Exp Zool 1968;167:237-261.
45. Lehner CF, O'Farrell PH. The roles of Drosophila cyclins A and B in mitotic control. Cell 1990;61:535-547.
46. Ephrussi A, Lehmann R. Induction of germ cell formation by oskar Nature 1992;358:387-392.
47. Gavis ER, Lehmann R. Translational regulation of nanos by RNA localization. Nature 1994;369:315-318.
48. Wang C, Dickinson LK, Lehmann R. Genetics of nanos localization in Drosophila. Dev Dyn 1994;199:103-115.
49. Smibert CA, Wilson JE, Kerr K, Macdonald PM. Smaug protein represses translation of unlocalized nanos mRNA in the Drosophila embryo. Genes Dev 1996;10:2600-2609.
50. Dahanukar A, Walker JA, Wharton RP. Smaug, a novel RNA-binding protein that operates a translational switch in Drosophila. Mol Cell 1999; 4:209-218.
51. Irish V, Lehmann R, Akam M. The Drosophila posterior-group gene nanos functions by repressing hunchback activity. Nature 1989;338:646-648.
52. Murata Y, Wharton RP. Binding of pumilio to maternal hunchback mRNA is required for posterior patterning in Drosophila embryos. Cell 1995;80: 747-756.
53. Wreden C, Verrotti AC, Schisa JA, Lieberfarb ME, Strickland S. Nanos and pumilio establish embryonic polarity in Drosophila by promoting posterior deadenylation of hunchback mRNA. Development 1997;124: 3015-3023.
54. Chagnovich D, Lehmann R. Poly(A)-independent regulation of maternal hunchback translation in the Drosophila embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:11359-11364.
55. Kobayashi S, Amikura R, Okada M. Presence of mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA outside mitochondria in germ plasm of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 1993;260:1521-1524.
56. Kashikawa M, Amikura R, Nakamura A, Kobayashi S. Mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA is present on polar granules in early cleavage embryos of Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Growth Differ 1999;41:495-502.
57. Kobayashi S, Okada M. Restoration of pole-cell-forming ability to u.v.-irradiated Drosophila embryos by injection of mitochondrial IrRNA. Development 1989;107:733-742.
58. Iida T, Kobayashi S. Essential role of mitochondrially encoded large rRNA for germ-line formation in Drosophila embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:11274-11278.
59. Amikura R, Kashikawa M, Nakamura A, Kobayashi S. Presence of mitochondria-type ribosomes outside mitochondria in germ plasm of Drosophila embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:9133-9138.
60. Subramaniam K, Seydoux G nos-1 and nos-2, two genes related to Drosophila nanos, regulate primordial germ cell development and survival in Caenorhabditis elegans Development 1999;126:4861-4871.
61. Kraemer B, Crittenden S, Gallegos M, Moulder G, Barstead R, Kimble J, Wickens M. NANOS-3 and FBF proteins physically interact to control the sperm-oocyte switch in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Biol 1999;9:1009-1018.
62. Tenenhaus C, Subramaniam K, Dunn MA, Seydoux G. PIE-1 is a bifunctional protein that regulates maternal and zygotic gene expression in the embryonic germ line of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genes Dev 2001;15: 1031-1040.
63. Wickens M, Bernstein DS, Kimble J, Parker R. A PUF family portrait: 3′UTR regulation as a way of life. Trends Genet 2002;18:150-157.
64. Zhang B, Gallegos M, Puoti A, Durkin E, Fields S, Kimble J, Wickens MP. A conserved RNA-binding protein that regulates sexual fates in the C. elegans hermaphrodite germ line. Nature 1997;390:477-484.
65. Crittenden SL, Bernstein DS, Bachorik JL, Thompson BE, Gallegos M, Petcherski AG, Moulder G, Barstead R, Wickens M, Kimble J. A conserved RNA-binding protein controls germline stem cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 2002;417:660-663.
66. Gruidl ME, Smith PA, Kuznicki KA, McCrone JS, Kirchner J, Roussell DL, Strome S, Bennett KL. Multiple potential germ-line helicases are components of the germ-line-specific P granules of Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:13837-13842.
67. Kuznicki KA, Smith PA, Leung-Chiu WM, Estevez AO, Scott HC, Bennett KL. Combinatorial RNA interference indicates GLH-4 can compensate for GLH-1; these two P granule components are critical for fertility in C. elegans. Development 2000;127:2907-2916.
68. Mosquera L, Forristall C, Zhou Y, King ML. A mRNA localized to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus oocytes encodes a protein with a nanos-like zinc finger domain. Development 1993;117:377-386.
69. Nakahata S, Katsu Y, Mita K, Inoue K, Nagahama Y, Yamashita M. Biochemical identification of Xenopus Pumilio as a sequence-specific cyclin B1 mRNA-binding protein that physically interacts with a Nanos homolog, Xcat-2, and a cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein. J Biol Chem 2001;276:20945-20953.
70. MacArthur H, Bubunenko M, Houston DW, King ML. Xcat2 RNA is a translationally sequestered germ plasm component in Xenopus. Mech Dev 1999;84:75-88.
71. Kobayashi S, Amikura R, Mukai M. Localization of mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA in germ plasm of Xenopus embryos. Curr Biol 1998;8: 1117-1120.
72. Kashikawa M, Amikura R, Kobayashi S. Mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA is a component of germinal granules in Xenopus embryos. Mech Dev 2001;101:71-77.
73. Yoon C, Kawakami K, Hopkins N. Zebrafish vasa homologue RNA is localized to the cleavage planes of 2- and 4-cell-stage embryos and is expressed in the primordial germ cells. Development 1997;124:3157-3165.
74. Braat AK, van De Water S, Korving J, Zivkovic D. A zebrafish vasa morphant abolishes Vasa protein but does not affect the establishment of the germline. Genesis 2001;30:183-185.
75. Koprunner M, Thisse C, Thisse B, Raz E. A zebrafish nanos-related gene is essential for the development of primordial germ cells. Genes Dev 2001;15:2877-2885.
76. Tanaka SS, Toyooka Y, Akasu R, Katoh-Fukui Y, Nakahara Y, Suzuki R, Yokoyama M, Noce T. The mouse homolog of Drosophila Vasa is required for the development of male germ cells. Genes Dev 2000;14: 841-853.