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Schenarts CL, Burton JH, Riker RR: Adrenocortical dysfunction following etomidate induction in emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med 2001, 8:1-7. This prospective, randomized, controlled trial demonstrated decreased serum cortisol response to exogenous cosyntropin in ED patients receiving single dose etomidate. All cortisol levels remained within normal limits, and all measurable adrenocortical dysfunction resolved within 12 hours.
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Intravenous etomidate for procedural sedation in emergency department patients
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Vinson DR, Bradbury DR: Etomidate for procedural sedation in emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2002, 39:592-598. A retrospective review that explored etomidate's effective, brief, deep sedation properties. Occasional significant respiratory depression noted in elderly patients.
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Etomidate for pediatric sedation prior to fracture reduction
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Dickinson R, Singer AJ, Carrion W: Etomidate for pediatric sedation prior to fracture reduction. Acad Emerg Med 2001, 8:74-77. A retrospective, descriptive chart review that demonstrate etomidate's safety in children requiring fracture and joint reductions. No major adverse events noted. A must read.
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Dickinson, R.1
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Hertzog, JH, Dalton HJ, Anderson BD, et al.: Prospective evaluation of propofol anesthesia in the pediatric intensive care unit for elective oncology procedures in ambulatory and hospitalized children. Pediatrics 2000, 106:742-747.
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Hertzog, J.H.1
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Low dose propofol infusion for sedation during local anesthesia
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Yoon, H.D.1
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Is propofol safe for procedural sedation in children? A prospective evaluation of propofol versus ketamine in pediatric critical care
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Vardi A, Salem Y, Padeh S, et al.: Is propofol safe for procedural sedation in children? A prospective evaluation of propofol versus ketamine in pediatric critical care. Crit Care Med 2002, 30:1231-1236. Randomized study showed that propofol is as effective as ketamine. High frequency of side effects was noted with both medications.
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Vardi, A.1
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Skokan EG, Pribble C, Basset KE, et al.: Use of propofol sedation in a pediatric emergency department: a prospective study. Clin Ped 2001, 663-671. A prospective convenience sampling of pediatric patients receiving propofol for painful procedures. Significant oxygen desaturation and decreases in blood pressure were documented. Several limitations to this study should be considered.
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Skokan, E.G.1
Pribble, C.2
Basset, K.E.3
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Fatal metabolic acidosis in a pediatric patient receiving an infusion of propofol in the intensive care unit: Is there a relationship?
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Metabolic acidosis and fatal myocardial failure after propofol infusion in children: Five case reports
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American College of Emergency Physicians: Clinical policy for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1998, 31:663-677.
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