Religiosity, racism, and dispositional optimism among African Americans

Personality and Individual Differences

Volumn 34, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 1025-1038

  Mattis, Jacqueline S ^a   Fontenot, Dwight L ^b   Hatcher Kay, Carrie A ^c  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HOSPITALS   (United States)

Author keywords

African American; Optimism; Racism; Religion; Spirituality

Indexed keywords

EID: 0037375015     PISSN: 01918869     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00087-9     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Armstead, C., Lawler, K., Gorden, G., Cross, J., & Gibbons, J. (1996). Relationship of racial stressors to blood pressure responses and anger expression in Black college students. Health Psychology, 8, 541-556.
2. Beck, S. (1971). Cosmic optimism in some Genesis myths. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 41, 380-389.
3. Benson, P., & Spilka, B. (1973). God image as a function of self-esteem and locus of control. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 297-310.
4. Billingsley, A., & Caldwell, C. H. (1991). The church, the family and the school in the African American community. Journal of Negro Education, 60, 427-440.
5. Boykin, A., Jagers, R., Ellison, C., & Albury, A. (1997). Communalism: conceptualization and measurement of an Afrocultural social orientation. Journal of Black Studies, 27, 409-418.
6. Browman, C. (1996). The health consequences of racial discrimination: a study of African Americans. Ethnicity and Disease, 6, 148-153.
7. Carvajal, S., Garner, R., & Evans, R. (1998). Dispositional optimism as a protective factor in resisting HIV exposure in sexually active inner-city minority adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 2196-2211.
8. Carver, C., Kus, L., & Scheier, M. (1994). Effects of good versus bad mood and optimistic versus pessimistic outlook on social acceptance versus rejection. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13, 138-151.
9. Chang, E. (1996). Cultural differences in optimism, pessimism, and coping: predictors of subsequent adjustment in Asian American and Caucasian American college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 113-123.
10. Chang, E. (1998). Does dispositional optimism moderate the relation between perceived stress and psychological well-being? A preliminary investigation. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 233-240.
11. Chang, E. (2001). Cultural influences on optimism and pessimism: differences in western and eastern construals of self. In E. Chang (Ed.), Optimism and pessimism: implications for theory, research, and practice (pp. 257-280). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
12. Chang, E., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & D'Zurilla, T. (1997). Optimism and pessimism as partially independent constructs: relationship to positive and negative affectivity and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 433-440.
13. Chang, E., Rand, K., & Strunk, D. (2000). Optimism and risk for jobb burnout among working college students: stress as a mediator. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 255-263.
14. Cheng, S., & Hamid, P. (1997). Dispositional optimism in Chinese people: what does the Life Orientation Test measure? International Journal of Psychology, 32, 15-22.
15. Clark, R., Anderson, N., Clark, V., & Williams, D. (1999). Racism as a stressor for African Americans: a biopsychosocial model. American Psychologist, 54, 805-816.
16. Clark, V., & Harrell, J. (1982). The relationship among Type A behavior, styles used in coping with racism, and blood pressure. Journal of Black Psychology, 8, 89-99.
17. Cone, J. (1997). God of the oppressed. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.
18. Eshun, S. (1999). Cultural variations in hopelessness, optimism, and suicidal ideation: a study of Ghana and U.S. college samples. Cross-Cultural Research, 33, 227-238.
19. Essed, P. (1990). Everyday racism. Alameda, CA: Hunter House.
20. Feagin, J., & Sikes, M. (1994). Living with racism: the Black middle-class experience. Boston: Beacon Press.
21. Freud, S. (1928). The future of an illusion. London: Hogarth Press.
22. Gorsuch, R. (1993). Assessing spiritual variables in Alcoholics Anonymous. In B. McCrady, & W. Miller (Eds.), Research on Alcoholics Anonymous: opportunities and alternatives (pp. 301-318). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies.
23. Gorsuch, R., & McFarland, S. (1972). Single vs. multiple-item scales for measuring religious values. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 11, 53-64.
24. Harrell, S. (1997). Racism and life experience scales (unpublished manuscript).
25. Hatcher, C. (2001). African American individuals' perceived relationships with God and psychological well-being (unpublished manuscript).
26. Hooks, B., & West, C. (1991). Breaking bread: insurgent Black intellectual life. Boston: South End Press.
27. Killian, P., Rileigh, K., & Denny, E. (1999). Explanatory style of Native and EuroAmericans. Psychological Reports, 85, 777-778.
28. Kirkpatrick, L. (1998). God as a substitute attachment figure: a longitudinal study of adult attachment style and religious change in college students. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 961-973.
29. Lai, J. (1995). The moderating effect of optimism on the relation between hassles and somatic complaints. Psychological Reports, 76, 883-894.
30. Larson, D., Sherrill, K., & Lyons, J. (1994). Neglect and misuse of the 'R' word: systematic reviews of religious measures in health, mental health, and aging. In J. Levin (Ed.), Religion in aging and health (pp. 178-195). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
31. Lee, Y., & Seligman, M. (1997). Are Americans more optimistic than the Chinese?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 32-40.
32. Levin, J., Taylor, R., & Chatters, L. (1995). A multidimensional measure of religious involvement for African Americans. The Sociological Quarterly, 36, 157-173.
33. Lincoln, C., & Mamiya, L. (1990). The Black church in the African American experience. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
34. Long, C. (1997). Perspectives for a study of African-American religion in the United States. In T. Fulop, & A. Raboteau (Eds.), African-American religion: interpretive essays in history and culture (pp. 23-35). New York: Routledge.
35. Mattis, J. (2000). African American women's definitions of spirituality: a qualitative analysis. Journal of Black Psychology, 26, 101-122.
36. Mattis, J. (2001). Religion and African American political life. Political Psychology, 22, 263-278.
37. Mattis, J., Jagers, R., Hatcher, C., Lawhon, G., Murphy, E., & Murray, Y. (2000). Religiosity, communalism and volunteerism among African American men: an exploratory analysis. Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 391-406.
38. Neighbors, H., Musick, M., & Williams, D. (1998). The African American minister as a source of help for serious personal crises: bridge or barrier to mental health care?. Health Education and Behavior, 25, 759-777.
39. Peterson, C. (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychologist, 55, 44-55.
40. Pollner, M. (1989). Divine relations, social relations, and well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, 92-104.
41. Scheier, M., & Carver, C. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications for generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219-247.
42. Scheier, M., & Carver, C. (1987). Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: the influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health. Journal of Personality, 55, 169-210.
43. Scheier, M., Weintraub, J., & Carver, C. (1986). Coping with stress: divergent strategies of optimists and pessimists. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1257-1264.
44. Sethi, S., & Seligman, M. (1993). Optimism and fundamentalism. Psychological Science, 4, 256-259.
45. Sethi, S., & Seligman, M. (1994). The hope of fundamentalists. Psychological Science, 5, 58.
46. Stewart III., C. (1996). Street corner theology. Nashville: James Winston Publishing.
47. Taylor, R., & Chatters, L. (1991). Religious life. In J. Jackson (Ed.), Life in Black America (pp. 105-123). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
48. Taylor, R., Ellison, C., Chatters, L., Levin, J., & Lincoln, K. (2000). Mental health services in faith communities: the role of clergy in black churches. Social Work, 45, 73-87.
49. Taylor, R., Mattis, J., & Chatters, L. (1999). Subjective religiosity among African Americans: a synthesis of findings from five national samples. Journal of Black Psychology, 25, 524-543.
50. Tennen, H., & Affleck, G. (1987). The costs and benefits of optimistic explanations and dispositional optimism. Journal of Personality, 55, 377-393.
51. Tiger, L. (1999). The past of an illusion: how optimism brings us to God. Free Inquiry, 19, 28-29.
52. Vickers, K., & Vogeltanz, N. (2000). Dispositional optimism as a predictor of depressive symptoms over time. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 259-272.
53. Ward, J. (1995). Cultivating a morality of care in African American adolescents: a culture based model of violence prevention. Harvard Educational Review, 65, 175-188.
54. West, C. (1993). Race matters. Boston: Beacon Press.
55. Williams, D., Jackson, J., & Brown, T. (1999). Traditional and contemporary prejudice and urban Whites' Support for Affirmative Action and government help. Social Problems, 46, 503-527.
56. Williams, D., & Rucker, T. (2000). Understanding and addressing racial disparities in health care. Health Care Financing Review, 21, 75-90.
57. Williams, D., Yu, Y., Jackson, J., & Anderson, N. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health: socioeconomic status, stress and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology, 2, 335-351.
58. Zinnbauer, B., Pargament, K., Cole, B., Rye, M., Butter, E., Belavich, T., Hipp, K., Scott, A., & Kadar, J. (1997). Religiousness and spirituality: unfuzzying the fuzzy. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36, 549-564.