HPLC-MS for the determination of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®) in biological fluids. Application to the salivary excretion of sildenafil after oral intake

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 88-94

  Tracqui, Antoine ^a   Ludes, B ^a  

^a INSTITUT DE MÉDECINE LÉGALE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 PROPANOL; ACETONITRILE; AMMONIUM ACETATE; BUPRENORPHINE; CHLOROFORM; HEPTANE; METHANOL; SILDENAFIL; TRIMETHYLAMINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY FLUID; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG PROTEIN BINDING; DRUG SALIVA LEVEL; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LIQUID LIQUID EXTRACTION; MALE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NORMAL HUMAN; PH; PLASMA;

EID: 0037333781     PISSN: 01464760     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jat/27.2.88     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. H.D. Langtry and A. Markham. Sildenafil: a review of its use in erectile dysfunction. Drugs 57: 967-989 (1999).
2. R.M. Wallis. The pharmacology of sildenafil, a novel and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 5. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 114 (Suppl. 1): 22P-26P (1999).
3. E.G. Boyce and E.M. Umland. Sildenafil citrate: a therapeutic update. Clin. Ther. 23: 2-23 (2001).
4. J. Cartledge and I. Eardley. Sildenafil. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 1: 137-147 (1999).
5. Viagra®. Prescribing information package for healthcare professionals (revised January 2000), Pfizer, Inc., available at http://www.viagra.com.
6. R. Sadovsky, T. Miller, M. Moskowitz, and G. Hackett. Three-year update of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) efficacy and safety. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 55: 115-128 (2001).
7. A.M. Olsson, C.A. Persson, and the Swedish Sildenafil Investigators Group. Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with cardiovascular disease. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 55: 171-176 (2001).
8. S.G.J. Moreira, R.E. Brannigan, A. Spitz, F.J. Orejuela, L.I. Lipshultz, and E.D. Kim. Side-effect profile of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in clinical practice. Urology 56: 474-476 (2000).
9. R.A. Kloner. Cardiovascular risk and sildenafil. Am. J. Cardiol. 86: 57F-61F (2000).
10. F. Ishikura, S. Beppu, T. Hamada, B.K. Khandheria, J.B. Seward, and A. Nehra. Effects of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) combined with nitrate on the heart. Circulation 102: 2516-2521 (2000).
11. M.F. Marmor and R. Kessler. Sildenafil (Viagra) and ophthalmology. Surv. Ophthalmol. 44: 153-162 (1999).
12. R.A. Kloner and R.M. Zusman. Cardiovascular effects of sildenafil citrate and recommendations for its use. Am. J. Cardiol. 84: 11N-17N (1999).
13. B. Azarbal, J. Mirocha, P.K. Shah, B. Cercek, and S. Kaul. Adverse cardiovascular events associated with the use of Viagra. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 35 (2 Suppl. 1): 553A-554A (2000).
14. J.S. Cohen. Comparison of FDA reports of patient deaths associated with sildenafil and with injectable alprostadil. Ann. Pharmacother. 35: 285-288 (2001).
15. M.T. Speakman and R.A. Kloner. Viagra and cardiovascular disease. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther. 4: 259-267 (1999).
16. K. Armstrong, J.S. Schwartz, and D.A. Asch. Direct sale of sildenafil (Viagra) to consumers over the Internet. N. Engl. J. Med. 341: 1389-1392 (1999).
17. S.E. Kahan, A.D. Seftel, and M.I. Resnick. Sildenafil and the Internet. J. Urol. 163: 919-923 (2000).
18. T. Wachs, J.C. Conboy, F. Garcia, and J.D. Henion. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and related techniques via atmospheric pressure ionization. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 29: 357-366 (1991).
19. P.E. Joos. Electrospray and APCI-mass spectrometry. LC-GC Int. 8: 92-95 (1995).
20. A.N. Eaton and R. Rao. Mass detectors: analyte-specific detection for HPLC. Int. Lab. 25: 18-21 (1995).
21. E.C. Huang, T. Wachs, J.J. Conboy, and J.D. Henion. Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry - detection for the separation sciences. Anal. Chem. 62: 713A-725A (1990).
22. D. Garteiz and K.T. McManus. HPLC-electrospray-CID-MS: a high-sensitivity alternative to MS/MS. Hewlett-Packard MS application note no. (23)5091-7734E, 1993.
23. A. Tracqui, P. Kintz, and P. Mangin. HPLC/MS determination of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in biological fluids and hair samples. J. Forensic Sci. 42: 111-114 (1997).
24. W. Weinmann, M. Bohnert, A. Wiedemann, M. Renz, N. Lehmann, and S. Pollak. Post-mortem detection and identification of sildenafil (Viagra) and its metabolites by LC/MS and LC/MS/MS. Int. J. Leg. Med. 114: 252-258 (2001).
25. T. Wehr. Configuring HPLC systems for LC-MS. LC-GC Int. 18: 406-408 (2000).
26. J.D.H. Cooper, D.C. Muirhead, J.E. Taylor, and P.R. Baker. Development of an assay for the simultaneous determination of sildenafil (Viagra®) and its metabolite (UK-103,320) using automated sequential trace enrichment of dialysates and high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B 701: 87-95 (1997).
27. M. Deveaux, B. Willaume, F. Collier, V. Hédouin, G. Tournel, and D. Gosset. Identification et dosage du sildénafil et de ses métabolites dans le sérum et l'urine par chromatographie liquide haute performance. Toxicorama 11: 189-190 (1999).
28. B.J. Hall and R. McCutcheon. Approaches for the analysis of sildenafil (Viagra) and its major metabolite in biological specimens by GC-NPD and GC-MS. Communication presented at the 1999 Fall Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Toxicologists, San Angelo, TX, November 11-13, 1999.
29. T.L. Ng, S.T. Chow, Y.J. Yao, T.H. Koh, and D.S.T. Lo. Sildenafil detected in urine of first Viagra-related death in Singapore. Bull. TIAFT 29(4): 20-22 (1999).
30. N. Daraghmeh, M. Al-Omari, A.A. Badwan, and A.M. Jaber. Determination of sildenafil citrate and related substances in the commercial products and tablet dosage form using HPLC. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 25: 483-492 (2001).
31. M. Lee and D.I. Min. Determination of sildenafil citrate in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and a case for the potential interaction of grapefruit juice with sildenafil citrate. Ther. Drug Monit. 23: 21-26 (2001).
32. J.J. Berzas Nevado, J. Rodriguez Flores, G. Castañeda Peñalvo, and N. Rodriguez Fariñas. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the determination of Viagra and its metabolite (UK-103,320) in human serum. Electrophoresis 22: 2004-2009 (2001).
33. A. Tracqui, A. Miras, A. Tabib, J.S. Raul, B. Ludes, and D. Malicier. Fatal overdosage with sildenafil citrate (Viagra®): first report and review of the literature. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 21: 623-629 (2002).
34. J.C. Mucklow, M.R. Bending, G.C. Kahn, and C.T. Dollery. Drug concentration in saliva. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 24: 563-570 (1978).
35. E.J. Cone. Saliva testing for drugs of abuse. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 694: 91-127 (1990).
36. W. Schramm, R.H. Smith, P.A. Craig, and D.A. Kidwell. Drugs of abuse in saliva: a review. J. Anal. Toxicol. 16: 1-9 (1992).
37. D.K. Walker, M.J. Ackland, G.C. James, G.J. Muirhead, D.J. Rance, P. Wastall, and P.A. Wright. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sildenafil in mouse, rat, rabbit, dog and man. Xenobiotica 29: 297-310 (1999).
38. G.J. DiGregorio, A.J. Piraino, and E. Ruch. Diazepam concentrations in parotid saliva, mixed saliva, and plasma. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 24: 720-725 (1978).
39. J.J. de Gier, B.J. 't Hart, P.F. Wilderink, and F.A. Nelemans. Comparison of plasma and saliva levels of diazepam. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 10: 151-155 (1980).
40. R. Lucek and R. Dixon. Chlordiazepoxide concentrations in saliva and plasma measured by radioimmunoassay. Res. Comm. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 27: 397-400 (1980).
41. L. Kangas, H. Allonen, R. Lammintausta, M. Salonen, and A. Pekkarinen. Pharmacokinetics of nitrazepam in saliva and serum after a single oral dose. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 45: 20-24 (1979).
42. F.J. Flores-Murrieta, G. Castañeda-Hernandez, V. Granados-Soto, and J.E. Herrera. Increased bioavailability of sildenafil in Mexican men. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 283: 1825-1826 (2000).