Review of medical encounters in the 5 years before a diagnosis of HIV-1 infection: Implications for early detection

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 143-152

  Klein, Daniel ^a,d   Hurley, Leo B ^b   Merrill, Deanna ^c   Quesenberry Jr , Charles P ^b  

^a KAISER PERMANENTE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b DIVISION OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^c KAISER PERMANENTE   (United States)

^d NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Early detection; HIV; Late testing; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; GENDER; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION RISK; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NONHUMAN; PHYSICIAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 0037320028     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200302010-00005     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. del Rio C. HIV: it's beginning to look like a chronic disease. AIDS Clin Care 2001;13:82-3.
2. Murphy EL, Collier AC, Kalish LA. Highly active antiretroviral therapy decreases mortality and morbidity in patients with advanced HIV disease. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:17-26.
3. Schwarcz SK, Hsu LC, Vittinghoff E, et al. Impact of protease inhibitors and other antiretroviral treatments on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome survival in San Francisco, California, 1987-1996. Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:178-85.
4. Valdiserri RO, Holtgrave DR, West GR. Promoting early HIV diagnosis and entry into care. AIDS 1999;13:2317-30.
5. Skowron G, Street JC, Obee EM. Baseline CD4+ cell count, not viral load, correlates with virologic suppression induced by potent antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001;28:313-9.
6. Tortajada C, Garcia F, Plana M, et al. Comparison of T-cell subsets' reconstitution after 12 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy initiated during early versus advanced states of HIV disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000;25:296-305.
7. Miller V, Mocroft A, Reiss P. Relations among CD4 lymphocyte count nadir, antiretroviral therapy, and HIV-1 disease progression: results from the EuroSIDA Study. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:570-7.
8. Kaplan J, Hanson D, Karon J, et al. Late initiation of antiretroviral therapy (at CD4+ lymphocyte count <200 cells/mL) is associated with increased risk of death [abstract 520]. 8th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 4-8, 2001, Chicago, IL.
9. DHHS Panel on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV Infection Guidelines for Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-infected Adults and Adolescents. www.hivatis.org. February 2002.
10. Girardi E, Sampaolesi A, Gentile M, et al. Increasing proportion of late diagnosis of HIV infection among patients with AIDS in Italy following introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000;25:71-6.
11. Samet JH, Retondo MJ, Freedberg KA, et al. Factors associated with initiation of primary medical care for HIV-infected persons. Am J Med 1994;97:347-53.
12. Hocking JS, Rodger AJ, Rhodes DG, et al. Late presentation of HIV infection associated with prolonged survival following AIDS diagnosis - characteristics of individuals. Int J STD AIDS 2000;11:503-8.
13. Castilla J, Sobrino P, de la Fuente L, et al. Late diagnosis of HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: consequences for AIDS incidence. AIDS 2002;16:1945-51.
14. Katz MH, Bindman AB, Keane D, et al. CD4 lymphocyte count as an indicator of delay in seeking human immunodeficiency virus-related treatment. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:1501-4.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Routinely recommended HIV testing at an urban urgent-care clinic - Atlanta, GA. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001;50:538-41.
16. Wortley PM, Chu SY, Diaz T, et al. HIV testing patterns: where, why, and when were persons with AIDS tested for HIV? AIDS 1995;9:487-92.
17. Dybul M, Bolan R, Condoluci D, et al. Evaluation of initial CD4+ T cell counts in individuals with newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus, by sex and race, in urban settings. J Infect Dis 2002;185:1818-21.
18. Lang W, Perkins H, Anderson RE, et al. Patterns of T lymphocyte changes with human immunodeficiency virus infection from seroconversion to the development of AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1989;2:63-9.
19. Samet JH, Freedberg KA, Savetsky JB, et al. Understanding delay to medical care for HIV infection: the long-term non-presenter. AIDS 2001;15:17-85.
20. Kirschner D, Webb G, Cloyd M. Model of HIV-1 disease progression based on virus induced lymph node homing and homing-induced apoptosis of CD4 lymphocytes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000;24:352-62.
21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for HIV testing services for inpatients and outpatients in acute care hospital settings. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993;42(RR-2):157-8.
22. Freedberg KA, Samet JH. Think HIV: why physicians should lower their threshold for HIV testing. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:1994-2000.
23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Revised guidelines for HIV counseling, testing and referral. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001;50(RR-19):7-42.
24. Samet JH, Freedberg KA, Stein MD, et al. Trillion virion delay. Time from testing positive for HIV to presentation for primary care. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:734-40.
25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. US Public Health Service recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus counseling and voluntary testing for pregnant women. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995;44(RR-7):1-15.
26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prenatal discussion of HIV testing and maternal HIV testing - 14 states, 1996-1997. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999;48:401-4.
27. Lansky A, Jones JL, Frey RL, et al. Trends in HIV testing among pregnant women: United States, 1994-1999. Am J Public Health 2000;9:1291-3.
28. Epstein RM, Levenkron JC, Frarey L, et al. 'Improving physicians' HIV risk-assessment skill using announced and unannounced standardized patients. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16:176-80.
29. Epstein RM, Morse DS, Frankel RM, et al. Awkward moments in patient-physician communication about HIV risk. Ann Intern Med 1998;128:435-42.
30. Gerbert B, Bleecker T, Bernzweig J. Is anybody talking to physicians about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and sex? Arch Fam Med 1993;2:45-51.
31. Peralta L, Constantine N, Griffin-Deeds B, et al. Evaluation of youth preferences for rapid and innovative human immunodeficiency virus antibody tests. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001;155;7:838-43.
32. Galvan FH, Bing EG, Bluthenthal RN. Accessing HIV testing and care. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000;25:S151-6.
33. Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Lally M, et al. Laboratory testing for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus: established and novel approaches. Am J Med 2000;109:568-76.
34. Taylor B. HIV, stigma and health: integration of theoretical concepts and the lived experiences of individuals. J Adv Nurs 2001; 35:792-8.
35. Chesney MA, Smith AW. Critical delays in HIV testing and care: the potential role of stigma. Am Behav Sci 1999;42:1162-74.
36. Herek GM. AIDS and stigma. Am Behav Sci 1999;42:1106-16.
37. Fortenberry J, McFarlane M, Bleakley A, et al. Relationships of stigma and shame to gonorrhea and HIV screening. Am J Pub Health 2002;92:378-81.
38. Porter K, Wall PG, Evans BG. Factors associated with lack of awareness of HIV infection before diagnosis of AIDS. BMJ 1993;307:20-3.
39. SAS Institute. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 8. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 1999.
40. Klein D, Hurley L, Merrill D, et al. Early detection of HIV: the HEDS UP Study [abstract 219]. 8th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 4-8, 2001, Chicago IL.
41. Tauber A. Putting ethics into the medical record. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:559-63.
42. Stange K, Zyzanski S, Smith T, et al. How valid are medical records and patient questionnaires for physician profiling and health service research? A comparison with direct observation of patient visits. Med Care 1998;36:851-67.
43. Dresselhaus T, Luck J, Peabody J. The ethical problem of false positives: a prospective evaluation of physician reporting in the medical record. J Med Ethics 2002;28:291-4.
44. Walensky R, Losina E, Steger-Craven K, et al. Identifying undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus: the yield of routine, voluntary inpatient testing. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:887-92.