Measurements of accelerator-produced leakage neutron and photon transmission through concrete

Health Physics

Volumn 84, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 180-187

  Kase, K R ^a   Nelson, W R ^a   Fasso, A ^a   Liu, J C ^a   Mao, X ^a   Jenkins, T M ^a   Kleck, J H ^b  

^a SLAC NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Varian Corporation   (United States)

Author keywords

Neutrons; Protons; Shielding; X rays

Indexed keywords

CONCRETE; HYDROGEN;

ANALYTICAL ERROR; ARTICLE; CALCULATION; DENSITY; ELECTRON ACCELERATOR; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; LINEAR ACCELERATOR; MEASUREMENT; MONTE CARLO METHOD; NEUTRON RADIATION; PHOTON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION ATTENUATION; RADIATION PHYSICS; RADIATION SHIELD; THICKNESS; X RAY;

AIR POLLUTANTS, RADIOACTIVE; CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT FAILURE; NEUTRONS; PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; PHOTONS;

EID: 0037302772     PISSN: 00179078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200302000-00005     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Barish RJ. Evaluation of a new high-density shielding material. Health Phys 64:412-416; 1993.
2. Briesmeister JF. MCNP - A general Monte Carlo n-particle transport code. Version 4A. Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Laboratory; LA-12625-M; 1993.
3. Elsalim MM. Characterization of the neutron environment around Varian medical accelerators. San Jose, CA: San Jose State University; Thesis; 1994.
4. Emmett MB. The MORSE Monte Carlo radiation transport code system. Oak Ridge: Oak Ridge National Laboratory; ORNL-4972; 1984.
5. International Atomic Energy Agency. Radiological safety aspects of the operation of electron linear accelerators. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; Technical Report Series No. 188; 1979.
6. Karzmark CJ, Capone T. Measurements of 6 MV x rays, Part III. Characteristics of secondary radiation. Brit J Radiol 41:227-230; 1968.
7. Kase KR, Mao XS, Nelson WR, Liu JC, Kleck JH, Elsalim M. Neutron fluence and energy spectra around the Varian Clinac 2100C/2300C medical accelerator. Health Phys 74:38-47; 1998.
8. LaRiviere PD. Transmission in concrete of primary and leakage x rays from a 24-MV medical linear accelerator. Health Phys 47:819-827; 1984.
9. Liu JC, Kase KR, Mao XS, Nelson WR, Kleck JH, Johnson S. Calculations of photoneutrons from Varian accelerators and their transmissions in materials. Stanford: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; SLAC-PUB-7404; 1997.
10. Lokan KH, Sherman NK, Gellie RW, Henry WH, Levesque R, Nowack A, Teather GG, Lundquist JR. Bremsstrahlung attenuation measurements in ilmenite loaded concretes. Health Phys 23:193-199; 1972.
11. Mao XS, Kase KR, Liu JC, Nelson WR, Kleck JH, Johnson S. Neutron sources in the Varian Clinac 2100C/2300C medical accelerator calculated by the EGS4 code. Health Phys 72:524-529; 1997.
12. Maruyama T, Kumamoto Y, Kato Y, Hashizume T, Yamamoto M. Attenuation of 4-32 MV x-rays in ordinary concrete, heavy concrete, iron and lead. Health Phys 20:277-284; 1971.
13. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Radiation protection design guidelines for 0.1-100 MeV particle accelerator facilities. Bethesda: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; NCRP Report No. 51; 1977.
14. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Neutron contamination from medical accelerators. Bethesda: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; NCRP Report No. 79; 1984.
15. Nelson WR, LaRiviere PD. Primary and leakage radiation calculations at 6, 10, and 25 MeV. Health Phys 47:811-818; 1984.
16. Nelson WR, Hirayama H, Rogers DWO. The EGS4 code system. Stanford: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; SLAC-265; 1985.
17. ORNL. The EVAP calculation of particle evaporation from excited compound nuclei. Oak Ridge: Oak Ridge National Laboratory; PSR-10; 1974.
18. Patterson HW, Thomas RH. Accelerator health physics. New York: Academic Press; 1973.
19. Shleien B, Slaback LA, Birkey BK. Handbook of health physics and radiological health. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1998.
20. Shultis JK, Faw RE. Radiation shielding. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall PTR; 1996.