Microfibril angles inside and outside crossfields of Norway spruce tracheids

Holzforschung

Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 13-20

  Lichtenegger, Helga C ^a,b   Müller, Martin ^c,d   Wimmer, Rupert ^e   Fratzl, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEOBEN   (Austria)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIATION FACILITY   (France)

^d UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES   (Austria)

Author keywords

Crossfield pit; Microdiffraction; Microfibril angle; Synchrotron; Wood structure; X ray diffraction

Indexed keywords

CELLULOSE; CORRELATION METHODS; MICROSCOPES; X RAY ANALYSIS;

MICROFIBRILS ANGLES; NORWAY SPRUCE TRACHEIDS;

SOFTWOODS;

CELLULOSE; FIBRILS; PICEA; PITS; TRACHEIDS; X RAY ANALYSIS;

PICEA; PICEA ABIES;

EID: 0037285904     PISSN: 00183830     EISSN: None     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/HF.2003.003     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Abe, H., J. Ohtani and K. Fukazawa. 1992. Microfibrillar orientation of the innermost surface of conifer tracheid wall. IAWA Bull. 13, 411-417.
2. Anderson, S., R. Serimaa, M. Torkkeli, T. Paakkari, P. Saranpä̈, P. and E. Personen. 2000. Microfibril angle of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] compression wood: Comparison of measuring technique. J. Wood Sci. 46, 343-349.
3. Batchelor, W.J., A.B. Conn and I.H. Parker. 1997. Measuring the fibril angle of fibres using confocal microscopy. Appita J. 50, 377-380.
4. Bergander, A., J. Brändström, G. Daniel and L. Salmén. 2002. Fibril angle variability in earlywood of Norway spruce using soft rot cavities and polarization confocal microscopy. J. Wood Sci. (under review)
5. Boyd, J.D. 1977. Relationship between fibre morphology and shrinkage of wood. Wood Sci. Technol. 11, 3-22.
6. Butterfield, B.G. 1998. Microfibril Angle in Wood, Proceedings of the IAWA/IUFRO International Workshop on the Significance of Microfibril Angle to Wood Quality, Westport, New Zealand, November 1997.
7. Cave, I.D. 1966. X-ray measurement of microfibril angle. For. Prod. J. 44, 37-42.
8. Cave, I.D. 1968. The anisotropic elasticity of the plant cell wall. Wood Sci. Technol. 2, 268-278.
9. Cave, I. D. 1969. The longitudinal Young's modulus of Pinus radiata. Wood Sci. Technol. 3, 40-48.
10. Cave, I.D. and J.C.F. Walker. 1994. Stiffness of wood in fast-grown plantation softwoods: The influence of microfibril angle. For. Prod. Journal 44, 43-48.
11. Cockrell, R.A. 1974. A comparison of latewood pits, fibril orientation, and shrinkage of normal and compression wood of Giant Sequoia. Wood Sci. Technol. 8, 197-206.
12. Donaldson, L.A. 1991. The use of pit apertures as windows to measure microfibril angle in chemical pulp fibres. Wood Fiber Sci. 23, 290-295.
13. Evans, R. 1999. A variance approach to the X-ray diffractometry estimation of microfibril angle in wood. Appita J. 52, 283-294.
14. El-Hosseiny, F. and D.H. Page. 1973. The measurement of fibril angle of wood fibers using polarized light. Wood Fiber 5, 208-214.
15. Fratzl, P., H.F. Jakob, S. Rinnerthaler, P. Roschger and K. Klaushofer. 1997. Position resolved small-angle X-ray scattering of complex biological materials. J. Appl. Cryst. 30, 765-769.
16. French, J., A.B. Conn, W.J. Batchelor and I.H. Parker. 2000. The effect of fibre fibril angle on some handsheet mechanical properties. Appita J. 53, 210-226.
17. Gardner, K.H. and J. Blackwell. 1974. The Structure of Native Cellulose. John Wiley & Sons, New York. pp. 1975-2001.
18. Haughton, P.M., D.B. Sellen and R.D. Preston. 1968. Dynamic mechanical properties of the cell wall of Nitella opaca. J. Exp. Bot 19, 1-12.
19. Herman, M., P. Dutilleul and T. Avella-Shaw. 1999. Growth rate effects on intra-ring and inter-ring trajectories of microfibril angle in Norway spruce (Picea abies). IAWA J. 20, 3-21.
20. Herman, M., P. Dutilleul and T. Avella-Shaw. 2000. Growth rate effects on intra-ring and inter-ring variations of the morphology and ultrastructure of the tracheid in Norway spruces: Influence on paper indices. In: Proceedings of a COST Action E20 workshop: Fibre Wall & Microfibril Angle. 11th-13th May 2000, Athens, Greece. pp. 23-29.
21. Huang, C.L., N.P. Kutscha, G.J. Leaf and R.A. Megraw 1998. Comparison of microfibril measurement techniques. In: Microfibril Angle in Wood, Proceedings of the IAWA/IUFRO International Workshop on the Significance of Microfibril Angle to Wood Quality. Westport, New Zealand, November 1997. pp. 177-205.
22. Jakob, H.F., S.E. Tschegg and P. Fratzl. 1994. Size and arrangement of elementary cellulose fibrils in wood cells: A small angle X-ray scattering study of Picea abies. J. Struct. Biol. 113, 13-22.
23. Jakob, H.F., D. Fengel, S.E. Tschegg and P. Fratzl. 1995. The elementary cellulose fibril in Picea abies: Comparison of transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray, and wide-angle X-ray scattering results. Macromolecules 26, 8782-8787.
24. Jakob, H.F., S.E. Tschegg and P. Fratzl. 1996. Hydration dependence of the wood-cell wall structure in Picea abies. A small-angle X-ray scattering study. Macromolecules 29, 8435-8440.
25. Khalili, S., T. Nilsoon and G. Daniel. 2001. The use of soft rot fungi for determining the microfibrillar orientation in the S2 layer of pine tracheids. Holz Roh- Werkst. 58, 439-447.
26. Leney, L. 1981. A technique for measuring fibril angle using polarized light. Wood Fiber 13, 13-16.
27. Lichtenegger, H., A. Reiterer, S. Tschegg and P. Fratzl. 1998. Determination of spiral angles of elementary fibrils in the wood cell wall: Comparison of small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. In: Microfibril Angle in Wood, Proceedings of the IAWA/IUFRO International Workshop on the Significance of Microfibril Angle to Wood Quality. Westport, New Zealand, November 1997. pp. 140-156.
28. Lichtenegger, H., A. Reiterer, S.E. Stanzl-Tschegg and P. Fratzl. 1999. Variation of cellulose microfibril angles in softwoods and hardwoods: A possible strategy of mechanical optimization. J. Struct. Biol. 128, 257-269.
29. Markstrom, D.C., H.E. Troxell and C.E. Boldt. 1983. Wood properties of immature ponderosa pine after thinning. For. Prod. J. 33, 33-36.
30. Meylan, B.A. 1972. The influence of microfibril angle on the longitudinal shrinkage-moisture content relationship. Wood Sci. Technol. 6, 293-301.
31. Page, D.H. 1969. A method for determining fibrillar angle in wood tracheids. J. Roy. Microsc. Soc. 90, 137-143.
32. Preston, R.D. 1934. The organization of the cell wall of the conifer tracheid. Phil. Trans. 224, 131-174.
33. Reiterer, A., H.F. Jakob, S.E. Stanzl-Tschegg and P. Fratzl. 1998. Spiral angle of elementary cellulose fibrils in cell walls of Picea abies determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. Wood Sci. Technol. 32, 335-345.
34. Reiterer, A., H. Lichtenegger, S. Tschegg and P. Fratzl. 1999. Experimental evidence for a mechanical function of the cellulose microfibril angle in wood cell walls. Philosophical Magazine A 79(9), 2173-2184.
35. Riekel, C., A. Cedola, F. Heidelbach and K. Wagner. 1997. Microdiffraction experiments on single polymeric fibers by synchrotron radiation. Macromolecules 30(4), 1033-1037.
36. Salmén, L. and A. de Ruvo. 1985. A model for the prediction of fiber elasticity. Wood Fiber Sci. 17, 336-350.
37. Senft, J.F. and B.A. Bendtsen. 1985. Measuring microfibrillar angles using light microscopy. Wood Fiber Sci. 17, 564-657.
38. Wang, H.H., J.G. Drummond, S.M. Reath, K. Hunt and P.A. Watson. 2001. An improved fibril angle measurement method for wood fibres. Wood Sci. Technol. 23, 493-503.
39. Wardrop, A.B. 1964. The structure and formation of cell wall in xylem. In: The Formation of Wood in Forest Trees. Ed. M.H. Zimmermann, Academic Press, New York. pp. 87-134.
40. Watson, A.J. and H.E. Dadswell. 1964. Influence on fibre morphology on paper properties. 4. Micellar spiral angle. Appita 17, 151-156.
41. Wimmer, R., G.M. Downes, R. Evans, G. Rasmussen and J. French, 2002. Direct effects of wood characteristics on pulp and handsheet properties of Eucalyptus globulus. Holzforschung 56, 244-252.