The association of hypertension and secondary cardiovascular disease with sleep-disordered breathing

Chest

Volumn 123, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 244-260

  Dart, Richard A ^c   Gregoire, James R ^d   Gutterman, David D ^a   Woolf, Steven H ^b  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c MARSHFIELD CLINIC   (United States)

^d NONE

Author keywords

Antihypertensive drugs; Central sleep apnea; Obstructive sleep apnea; Periodic breathing; Pulmonary disease; Sleep disordered breathing; Systemic high BP

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ARTICLE; BREATHING; BREATHING DISORDER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART DILATATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOXIA; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; NONREM SLEEP; OBESITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; REM SLEEP; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING;

EID: 0037252365     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.123.1.244     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. Coccagna G, Mantovani M, Brignani F, et al. Tracheostomy in hypersomnia with periodic breathing. Bull Physiopathol Respir 1972; 8:1217-1227
2. Lugaresi E, Coccagna G, Mantovani M, et al. Effects of tracheostomy in two cases of hypersomnia with periodic breathing. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1973; 36:15-26
3. Motta J, Guilleminault C, Schroeder JS, et al. Tracheostomy and hemodynamic changes in sleep-induced apnea. Ann Intern Med 1978; 89:454-458
4. Reisin E, Abel R, Modan M, et al. Effect of weight loss without salt restriction on the reduction of blood pressure in overweight hypertensive patients. N Engl J Med 1978; 298:1-6
5. Fletcher EC, DeBehnke RD, Lovoi MS, et al. Undiagnosed sleep apnea in patients with essential hypertension. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103:190-195
6. Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J, Partinen M, et al. Snoring as a risk factor for hypertension and angina pectoris. Lancet 1985; 1:893-896
7. Hoffstein V, Mateika S, Rubinstein I, et al. Determinants of blood pressure in snorers. Lancet 1988; 2:992-994
8. McGinty D, Beahn E, Stern N, et al. Nocturnal hypertension in older men with sleep-related breathing disorders. Chest 1988; 94:305-311
9. Warley ARH, Mitchell JH, Stradling JR. Prevalence of nocturnal hypoxaemia amongst men with mild to moderate hypertension. Q J Med 1988; 256:637-644
10. Jennum P, Borgensen SE. Intracranial pressure and obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1989; 95:279-283
11. Escourrou P, Kirani A, Nedelcoux H, et al. Systemic hypertension in sleep apnea syndrome: relationship with sleep architecture and breathing abnormalities. Chest 1990; 98:1362-1365
12. Lund-Johansen P, White WB. Central hemodynamics and 24-h blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: effects of corrective surgery. Am J Med 1990; 88:678-682
13. Stradling JR, Crosby JH. Relation between systemic hypertension and sleep hypoxaemia or snoring: analysis in 748 men drawn from general practice. BMJ 1990; 300:75-78
14. Stradling JR, Douglas NJ. Heart attacks and sleep apnoea. Lancet 1990; 336:1378-1379
15. Mayer J, Becker H, Brandenburg U, et al. Blood pressure and sleep apnea: results of long-term nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Cardiology 1991; 79:84-92
16. Millman RP, Redline S, Carlisle CC, et al. Daytime hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea: prevalence and contributing risk factors. Chest 1991; 99:861-866
17. Naughton M, Pierce R. Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure and body mass index in obstructive sleep apnea. Aust N Z J Med 1991; 21:917-919
18. Rajala R, Partinen M, Sane T, et al. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in morbidly obese patients. J Intern Med 1991; 230:125-129
19. Hoffstein V, Mateika J. Evening-to-morning blood pressure variations in snoring patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1992; 101:379-384
20. Mendelson WB. Sleepiness and hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1992; 101:903-909
21. Rauscher H, Popp W, Zwick H. Systemic hypertension in snorers with and without sleep apnea. Chest 1992; 102:367-371
22. Akashiba T, Minemura H, Horie T. The influence of nasal continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) on nocturnal hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Sleep 1993; 16:S35-S36
23. Bearpark H, Elliott L, Grunstein R, et al. Occurrence and correlates of sleep disordered breathing in the Australian town of Busselton: a preliminary analysis. Sleep 1993; 16:S3-S5
24. Gislason T, Benediktsdottir B, Bjornsson JK, et al. Snoring, hypertension, and the sleep apnea syndrome: an epidemiologic survey of middle-aged women. Chest 1993; 103:1147-1151
25. Gleadhill IC, McCrum EE, Patterson CC, et al. Sleep-related hypoxaemia in hypertensive and normotensive men. Thorax 1993; 48:534-536
26. Grunstein R, Wilcox I, Yang T-S, et al. Snoring and sleep apnoea in men: association with central obesity and hypertension. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1993; 17:533-540
27. Jennum P, Sjol A. Snoring: sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk factors: the Monica II study. Int J Epidemiol 1993; 22:439-444
28. Kiselak J, Clark M, Pera V, et al. The association between hypertension and sleep apnea in obese patients. Chest 1993; 104:775-780
29. Lavie P, Yoffe N, Berger I, et al. The relationship between the severity of sleep apnea syndrome and 24-h blood pressure values in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1993; 103:717-721
30. Rauscher H, Formanek D, Popp W, et al. Nasal CPAP and weight loss in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorax 1993; 48:529-533
31. Suzuki M, Otsuka K, Guilleminault C. Long-term nasal continuous positive airway pressure administration can normalize hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Sleep 1993; 16:545-549
32. Wilcox I, Grunstein RR, Hedner JA, et al. Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure during sleep on 24-h blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 1993; 16:539-544
33. Worsnop CJ, Pierce RJ, Naughton M. Systemic hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 1993; 16:S148-S149
34. Carlson JT, Hedner JA, Ejnell H, et al. High prevalence of hypertension in sleep apnea patients independent of obesity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150:72-77
35. Davies RJO, Crosby J, Prothero A, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in subjects with untreated obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring, compared with matched control subjects, and their response to treatment. Clin Sci 1994; 86:417-424
36. Hla KM, Young TB, Bidwell T, et al. Sleep apnea and hypertension: a population-based study. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120:382-388
37. Hoffstein V. Blood pressure, snoring, obesity, and nocturnal hypoxaemia. Lancet 1994; 344:643-645
38. Strohl KP, Novak RD, Singer W, et al. Insulin levels, blood pressure and sleep apnea. Sleep 1994; 17:614-618
39. Akashiba T, Kurashina K, Minemura H, et al. Daytime hypertension and the effects of short-term nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Intern Med 1995; 34:528-535
40. Bartel PR, Loock M, van der Mayden C, et al. Hypertension and sleep apnea in black South Africans. Am J Hypertens 1995; 8:1200-1205
41. Grunstein RR, Stenlof K, Hedner J, et al. Impact of obstructive sleep apnea and sleepiness on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in the Swedish obese (SOS) study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1995; 19:410-418
42. Guilleminault C, Stoohs R, Kim Y-D, et al. Upper airway sleep-disordered breathing in women. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122:493-501
43. Hedner J, Darpo B, Ejnell H, et al. Reduction in sympathetic activity after long-term CPAP treatment in sleep apnoea: cardiovascular implications. Eur Respir J 1995; 8:222-229
44. Mendelson WB. The relationship of sleepiness and blood pressure to respiratory variables in obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1995; 108:966-972
45. Nabe B, Lies A, Pankow W, et al. Determinants of circadian blood pressure rhythm and blood pressure variability in obstructive sleep apnea. J Sleep Res 1995; 4:97-101
46. Olson LG, King MT, Hensley MJ, et al. A community study of snoring and sleep-disordered breathing: health outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:717-720
47. Pankow W, Nabe B, Lies A, et al. Influence of obstructive sleep apnea on circadian blood pressure profile. J Sleep Res 1995; 4:102-106
48. Sforza E, Lugaresi E. Determinants of the awakening rise in systemic blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Blood Press 1995; 4:218-225
49. Stoohs RA, Bingham LA, Itoi A, et al. Sleep and sleep-disordered breathing in commercial long-haul truck drivers. Chest 1995; 107:1275-1282
50. Coy TV, Dimsdale JE, Ancoli-Israel S, et al. The role of sleep-disordered breathing in essential hypertension. Chest 1996; 109:890-895
51. Engelman HM, Gough K, Martin SE, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure on and off continuous positive airway pressure therapy for the sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome: effects in "non-dippers." Sleep 1996; 19:378-381
52. Lies A, Nabe B, Pankow W, et al. Hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring before and with nCPAP therapy. Z Kardiol 1996; 85:140-142
53. Saarelainen S, Hasan J, Siitonen S, et al. Effect of nasal CPAP treatment on plasma volume, aldosterone and 24-h blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea. J Sleep Res 1996; 5:181-185
54. Lindberg E, Janson C, Svardsudd K, et al. Increased mortality among sleep snorers: a prospective population based study. Thorax 1998; 53:627-628
55. Worsnop CJ, Naughton MT, Barter CE, et al. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in hypertensives. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157:111-115
56. Akashiba T, Minemura H, Yamamoto H, et al. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure changes blood pressure "non-dippers" to "dippers" in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 1999; 22:849-853
57. Grote L, Ploch T, Heitmann J, et al. Sleep-related breathing disorder is an independent risk factor for systemic hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:1875-1882
58. Dimsdale JE, Loredo JS, Profant J. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure: a placebo trial. Hypertension 2000; 35:144-147
59. Lavie P, Herer P, Hoffstein V. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome as a risk factor for hypertension: population study. BMJ 2000; 320:479-482
60. Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK, et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. JAMA 2000; 283:1829-1836
61. Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, et al. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1378-1384
62. Clark RW, Boudoulas H, Schaal SF, et al. Adrenergic hyperactivity and cardiac abnormality in primary disorders of sleep. Neurology 1980; 30:113-119
63. Vitiello MV, Giblin EC, Schoene RB, et al. Obstructive apnea: sympathetic activity, respiration and sleep: a case report. Neurobiol Aging 1982; 3:263-266
64. Boudoulas H, Schmidt HS, Clark RW, et al. Anthropometric characteristics, cardiac abnormalities and adrenergic activity in patients with primary disorders of sleep. J Med 1983; 14:223-238
65. Ozaki N, Okada T, Iwata T, et al. Plasma norepinephrine in sleep apnea syndrome. Neuropsychobiology 1986; 16:88-92
66. Guilleminault C, Suzuki M. Sleep-related hemodynamics and hypertension with partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. Sleep 1992; 15:S20-S24
67. Hedner JA, Wilcox I, Laks L, et al. A specific and potent pressor effect of hypoxia in patients with sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146:1240-1245
68. Carlson J, Davies R, Ehlenz K, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and blood pressure elevation: what is the relationship. Blood Press 1993; 2:166-182
69. Lapinski M, Przybylowski T, Lewandowski J, et al. Diurnal blood pressure rhythm and urinary catecholamine excretion in obstructive sleep apnoea and essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1993; 11:S292-S293
70. Sforza E, Parchi P, Contin M, et al. Do autonomic cardiovascular reflexes predict the nocturnal rise in blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea. Blood Press 1994; 3:295-302
71. Dimsdale JE, Coy T, Ziegler MG, et al. The effect of sleep apnea on plasma and urinary catecholamines. Sleep 1995; 18:377-381
72. Micieli G, Manni R, Tassorelli C, et al. Sleep-apnoea, and autonomic dysfunction: a cardiopressor and pupillometric study. Acta Neurol Scand 1995; 91:382-388
73. 2-Adrenergic receptor characteristics in sleep apnea patients. Sleep 1995; 18:39-42
74. Nishimura M. Symposium on clinical aspects of sleep-disordered breathing and circulation: 2. Pathophysiology. Intern Med 1995; 34:307-310
75. Ziegler MG, Nelesen RA, Mills PJ, et al. The effect of hypoxia on baroreflexes and pressor sensitivity in sleep apnea and hypertension. Sleep 1995; 18:859-865
76. Loredo JS, Ziegler MG, Ancoli-Israel S, et al. Relationship of arousals from sleep to sympathetic nervous system activity and BP in obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1999; 116:655-659
77. Phillips BG, Narkiewicz K, Pesek CA, et al. Effects of obstructive sleep apnea on endothelin-1 and blood pressure. J Hypertens 1999; 17:61-66
78. Voogel AJ, van Steenwijk RP, Karemaker JM, et al. Effects of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea on circadian hemodynamics. J Auton Nerv Syst 1999; 77:177-183
79. Garcia-Rio F, Racionero MA, Pino JM, et al. Sleep apnea and hypertension: the role of peripheral chemoreceptors and the sympathetic system. Chest 2000; 117:1417-1425
80. Kato M, Roberts-Thomson P, Phillips BG, et al. Impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of resistance vessels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation 2000; 102:2607-2610
81. Rauscher H, Popp W, Zwick H. Quantification of sleep disordered breathing by computerized analysis of oximetry, heart rate and snoring. Eur Respir J 1991; 4:655-659
82. Pierson DJ. Pathophysiology and clinical effects of chronic hypoxia. Respir Care 2000; 45:39-51
83. Daly JA, Giombetti R, Miller B, et al. Impaired awake perfusion in sleep apnea [abstract]. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 141:A376
84. Jern S, Bergbrant A, Bjorntorp P, et al. Relation of central hemodynamics to obesity and body fat distribution. Hypertension 1992; 19:520-527
85. Stern N, Sowers JR, McGinty D, et al. Circadian rhythm of plasma renin in older normal and essential hypertensive men: relation with inactive renin, aldosterone, cortisol, and REM sleep. J Hypertens 1986; 4:543-550
86. Follenius M, Krieger J, Krauth MO, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea treatment: peripheral and central effects on plasma renin activity and aldosterone. Sleep 1991; 14:211-217
87. Barrio RA, Zhang L, Maini PK. Hierarchically coupled ultradian oscillators generating robust circadian rhythms. Bull Math Biol 1997; 59:517-532
88. Gekakis N, Staknis D, Nguyen HB, et al. Role of the CLOCK protein in the mammalian circadian mechanism. Science 1998; 280:1564-1569
89. Bonsignore MR, Marrone O, Insalaco G, et al. The cardiovascular effects of obstructive sleep apnoeas: analysis of pathogenic mechanisms. Eur Respir J 1994; 7:786-805
90. Somers VK, Abboud FM. Chemoreflexes: responses, interactions and implications for sleep apnea. Sleep 1993; 16:S30-S34
91. Bradley TD, Rutherford R, Grossman RF, et al. Role of daytime hypoxia in the pathogenesis of right heart failure in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 131:835-839
92. McNicholas WT. Follow-up and outcomes of nasal CPAP therapy in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2001; 56:535-539
93. Chan J, Sanderson J, Chan W, et al. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in diastolic heart failure. Chest 1997; 111:1488-1493
94. Javaheri S, Parker TJ, Liming JD, et al. Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure: types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations. Circulation 1998; 97:2154-2159
95. Stoohs R, Guilleminault C. Cardiovascular changes associated with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. J Appl Physiol 1992; 75:583-589
96. Buda A, Schroeder J, Guilleminault C. Abnormalities of pulmonary artery wedge pressure in sleep apnea. Int J Cardiol 1981; 1:67-74
97. Allen DG, Orchard CH. Myocardial contractile function during ischemia and hypoxia. Circulation Res 1987; 60:153-168
98. Hedner J, Ejnell H, Caidahl K. Left ventricular hypertrophy independent of hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. J Hypertens 1990; 8:941-946
99. Parish JM, Shepard JW. Cardiovascular effects of sleep disorders. Chest 1990; 97:1220-1226
100. Shiomi T, Guilleminault C, Stoohs R, et al. Leftward shift of the interventricular septum and pulsus paradoxus in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 1991; 100:894-902
101. Chaudhary BA, Ferguson DS, Speir WA. Pulmonary edema as a presenting feature of sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 1982; 82:122-124
102. Partinen M, Jamieson A, Guilleminault C. Long-term outcome for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients: mortality. Chest 1988; 94:1200-1204
103. Jiva T. How sleep apnea causes cardiopulmonary and neurologic disease. J Crit Illness 1997; 12:626-642
104. Shepard JW, Garrison MW, Grither DA, et al. Relationship of ventricular ectopy and oxyhemoglobin desaturation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1985; 88:335-340
105. Miller WP. Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in the sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Med 1982; 73:317-321
106. Baron RC, Thacker SB, Gorelkin L, et al. Sudden death among southeast Asian refugees: an unexplained nocturnal phenomenon. JAMA 1983; 250:2947-2951
107. Pressman MR, Marinchak RA, Kowey PR. Polysomnographic and electrocardiographic findings in a sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome survivor [letter]. Sleep Res 1993; 22:313
108. Stewart AL, Hays RD, Ware JE Jr. Health perceptions, energy/fatigue, and health distress measures. In: Stewart AL, Ware JE Jr. eds. Measuring functioning and well-being: the Medical Outcomes Study approach. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992; 143-172
109. Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157:2413-2446
110. Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group. The effects of nonpharmacologic interventions on blood pressure of persons with high normal levels: results of the trials of hypertension prevention, phase I. JAMA 1992; 267:1213-1220
111. The Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNCV). Arch Intern Med 1993; 153:154-183
112. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group. National high blood pressure education program working group report on primary prevention of hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153:186-208
113. Alexander CN, Schneider RH, Staggers F, et al. Trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans: II. Sex and risk subgroup analysis. Hypertension 1996; 28:228-237
114. Dimsdale JE. Reflections on the impact of antihypertensive medications on mood, sedation, and neuropsychologic functioning. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152:35-39
115. Neaton JD, Grimm RH Jr, Prineas RJ, et al, for the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study Research Group. Treatment of mild hypertension study: final results. JAMA 1993; 270:713-724
116. Testa MA, Anderson RB, Nackley JF, et al. Quality of life and antihypertensive therapy in men: a comparison of captopril with enalapril. The Quality-of-Life Hypertension Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993; 328:907-913
117. Anderson RB, Hollenberg NK, Williams GH. Physical symptoms distress index: a sensitive tool to evaluate the impact of pharmacological agents on quality of life. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:693-700
118. Hollenberg NK, Williams GH, Anderson R. Medical therapy, symptoms, and the distress they cause: relation to quality of life in patients with angina pectoris and/or hypertension. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:1477-1483