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This interesting study takes advantage of the Chlamydomonas vfl1 mutation known to perturb basal body distribution at division and to produce cells devoid of flagella. In such cells, lack of basal bodies was deduced from immunofluorescence observation of the absence of labelling by antibodies against different basal body components. Reappearance of flagella in 50% of individual cells followed over one or two divisions and return to 100% flagellated cells after around five divisions in small populations derived from single aflagellate cells indicate that cells probably devoid of basal bodies can re-form them de novo. While not definitive, these experiments and their discussion undoubtedly rekindle an old debate
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Marshall W., Vucica Y., Rosenbaum J. Kinetics and regulation of de novo centriole assembly. Implications for the mechanism of centriole duplication. Curr. Biol. 11:2001;308-317 This interesting study takes advantage of the Chlamydomonas vfl1 mutation known to perturb basal body distribution at division and to produce cells devoid of flagella. In such cells, lack of basal bodies was deduced from immunofluorescence observation of the absence of labelling by antibodies against different basal body components. Reappearance of flagella in 50% of individual cells followed over one or two divisions and return to 100% flagellated cells after around five divisions in small populations derived from single aflagellate cells indicate that cells probably devoid of basal bodies can re-form them de novo. While not definitive, these experiments and their discussion undoubtedly rekindle an old debate.
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This accurate immunofluorescence and electron microscopy study used an integrated single copy of centrin-GFP and demonstrated the global functionality of the incorporated tagged centrin. The authors also showed the presence of ultrastructural defects undetected by fluorescence microscopy
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The effects of silencing the δ-tubulin gene of Paramecium were examined using both immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The authors showed a generalised loss of the C tubule in basal body cross sections, as well as secondary tubule loss and alterations in cortical cytoskeleton
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Using CHO cells arrested in S phase by hydroxyurea and a new method (laser irradiation) to eliminate the centrosome, the authors followed, by differential interference contrast (DIC) time-lapse microscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-γ-tubulin, re-formation of a centrosomal cloud followed by the reappearance of centrioles. Most interestingly, electron microscopic observations show that this de novo formation leads to multiple centrioles and seems to occur by the type of mechanism naturally at play during ciliogenesis in epithelial cells
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Khodjakov A., Rieder C., Sluder G., Cassels G., Sibon O., Wang C. De novo formation of centrosomes in vertebrate cells arrested during S phase. J. Cell. Biol. 158:2002;1161-1181 Using CHO cells arrested in S phase by hydroxyurea and a new method (laser irradiation) to eliminate the centrosome, the authors followed, by differential interference contrast (DIC) time-lapse microscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-γ-tubulin, re-formation of a centrosomal cloud followed by the reappearance of centrioles. Most interestingly, electron microscopic observations show that this de novo formation leads to multiple centrioles and seems to occur by the type of mechanism naturally at play during ciliogenesis in epithelial cells.
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Although not directly conclusive with respect to a possible essential role of centrin in blepharoplast formation, this paper is of interest as it reports the development of an efficient RNA interference method by direct addition of double-stranded RNA to dry spores at the time of inhibition
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Klink V., Wolniak S. Centrin is necessary for the formation of the motile apparatus in spermatids of Marsilea. Mol. Biol. Cell. 12:2001;761-776 Although not directly conclusive with respect to a possible essential role of centrin in blepharoplast formation, this paper is of interest as it reports the development of an efficient RNA interference method by direct addition of double-stranded RNA to dry spores at the time of inhibition.
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Suh M., Han J., No Y., Lee J. Transient concentration of a gamma-tubulin-related protein with a pericentrin-related protein in the formation of basal bodies and flagella during the differentiation of Naegleria gruberi. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 52:2002;66-81.
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Tsai C., Wolniak S. Cell cycle arrest allows centrin translation but not basal body formation during spermiogenesis in Marsilea. J. Cell. Sci. 114:2001;4265-4272.
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Lutz W., Lingle W., McCormick D., Greenwood T., Salisbury J. Phosphorylation of centrin during the cell cycle and its role in centriole separation preceding centrosome duplication. J. Biol. Chem. 276:2001;20774-20780.
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0037031146
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Centrin-2 is required for centriole duplication in Mammalian cells
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A specific and high level of inhibition of centrin-2 expression in HeLa cells was obtained by transfection of a homologous hCetn-2 short interfering RNA. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed centriole duplication arrest, although cells could undergo two or three more divisions, leading to spindle poles with one or no centriole, confirmed by electron microscopy, or to multipolar mitoses, owing to a failure of completion of cytokinesis. These data are the first direct evidence for a role of centrin in centriole duplication. Furthermore, the fact that its phosphorylation was shown to play a role in centriole separation [42] provides an approach to the mode of action of hCetn-2
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Salisbury J., Suino K., Busby R., Springett M. Centrin-2 is required for centriole duplication in Mammalian cells. Curr. Biol. 12:2002;1287-1292 A specific and high level of inhibition of centrin-2 expression in HeLa cells was obtained by transfection of a homologous hCetn-2 short interfering RNA. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed centriole duplication arrest, although cells could undergo two or three more divisions, leading to spindle poles with one or no centriole, confirmed by electron microscopy, or to multipolar mitoses, owing to a failure of completion of cytokinesis. These data are the first direct evidence for a role of centrin in centriole duplication. Furthermore, the fact that its phosphorylation was shown to play a role in centriole separation [42] provides an approach to the mode of action of hCetn-2.
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