메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 5-16

Orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy: Useful or useless? Safe or dangerous?

Author keywords

Cataract; Glucocorticoids; Graves' ophthalmopathy; Orbital radiotherapy; Radiation retinopathy; Side effects

Indexed keywords

GLUCOCORTICOID; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE;

EID: 0037214835     PISSN: 03914097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF03345116     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0034454231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of Graves' ophthalmopathy: Reality and perspectives
    • Bartalena L., Pinchera A., Marcocci C. Management of Graves' ophthalmopathy: Reality and perspectives. Endocr. Rev. 2000, 21: 168-199.
    • (2000) Endocr. Rev. , vol.21 , pp. 168-199
    • Bartalena, L.1    Pinchera, A.2    Marcocci, C.3
  • 4
    • 0035042972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive therapy in patients with thyroid eye disease: An overview of current concepts
    • Krassas G.E., Heufelder A.E. Immunosuppressive therapy in patients with thyroid eye disease: An overview of current concepts. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2001, 144: 311-318.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Endocrinol. , vol.144 , pp. 311-318
    • Krassas, G.E.1    Heufelder, A.E.2
  • 5
    • 17944370142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effectiveness and tolerability of intravenous or oral glucocorticoids associated with orbital radiotherapy in the management of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy: Results of a prospective, single-blind, randomized study
    • Marcocci C., Bartalena L, Tanda M.L. et al. Comparison of the effectiveness and tolerability of intravenous or oral glucocorticoids associated with orbital radiotherapy in the management of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy: Results of a prospective, single-blind, randomized study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2001, 86: 3562-3567.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.86 , pp. 3562-3567
    • Marcocci, C.1    Bartalena, L.2    Tanda, M.L.3
  • 6
    • 0036210862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Bartalena L., Marcocci C., Tanda M.L. et al. Orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Thyroid 2002, 12: 245-250.
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 245-250
    • Bartalena, L.1    Marcocci, C.2    Tanda, M.L.3
  • 7
    • 0034456267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-versus high-dose radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy: A randomized, single blind study
    • Kahaly G., Rosler H.-P., Pitz S., Hommel G. Low-versus high-dose radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy: A randomized, single blind study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2000, 85: 102-108.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.85 , pp. 102-108
    • Kahaly, G.1    Rosler, H.-P.2    Pitz, S.3    Hommel, G.4
  • 8
    • 0020620508 scopus 로고
    • Orbital cobalt irradiation combined with systemic corticosteroids for Graves' ophthalmopathy: Comparison with systemic corticosteroids alone
    • Bartalena L., Marcocci C., Chiovato L. et al. Orbital cobalt irradiation combined with systemic corticosteroids for Graves' ophthalmopathy: Comparison with systemic corticosteroids alone. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1983, 54: 1139-1144.
    • (1983) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.54 , pp. 1139-1144
    • Bartalena, L.1    Marcocci, C.2    Chiovato, L.3
  • 9
    • 0026337841 scopus 로고
    • Orbital radiotherapy combined with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids for Graves' ophthalmopathy is more effective than radiotherapy alone: Results of a prospective study
    • Marcocci C., Bartalena L., Panicucci M. et al. Orbital radiotherapy combined with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids for Graves' ophthalmopathy is more effective than radiotherapy alone: Results of a prospective study. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 1991, 14: 853-860.
    • (1991) J. Endocrinol. Invest. , vol.14 , pp. 853-860
    • Marcocci, C.1    Bartalena, L.2    Panicucci, M.3
  • 10
    • 85046911507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and Graves' disease
    • Bartalena L. Smoking and Graves' disease. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 2002, 25: 402.
    • (2002) J. Endocrinol. Invest. , vol.25 , pp. 402
    • Bartalena, L.1
  • 11
    • 0034862613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Gorman C.A., Garrity J.A., Fatourechi V. et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology 2001, 108: 1523-1534.
    • (2001) Ophthalmology , vol.108 , pp. 1523-1534
    • Gorman, C.A.1    Garrity, J.A.2    Fatourechi, V.3
  • 12
    • 0035501317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of irradiation for patients with progressive Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Marquez S.D., Lum B.L., McDougall I.R. et al. Long-term results of irradiation for patients with progressive Graves' ophthalmopathy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2001, 51: 766-774.
    • (2001) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. , vol.51 , pp. 766-774
    • Marquez, S.D.1    Lum, B.L.2    McDougall, I.R.3
  • 14
    • 0026337841 scopus 로고
    • Orbital radiotherapy combined with high dose systemic glucocorticoids for Graves' ophthalmopathy is more effective than radiotherapy alone: Results of a prospective study
    • Marcocci C., Bartalena L., Bogazzi F. et al. Orbital radiotherapy combined with high dose systemic glucocorticoids for Graves' ophthalmopathy is more effective than radiotherapy alone: Results of a prospective study. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 1991, 14: 853-860.
    • (1991) J. Endocrinol. Invest. , vol.14 , pp. 853-860
    • Marcocci, C.1    Bartalena, L.2    Bogazzi, F.3
  • 15
    • 0027340599 scopus 로고
    • Randomized double-blind trial of prednisone versus radiotherapy in Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Prummel M.F., Mourits M.P., Blank L., Koorneef L., Wiersinga M.A. Randomized double-blind trial of prednisone versus radiotherapy in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Lancet 1993, 342: 949-954.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 949-954
    • Prummel, M.F.1    Mourits, M.P.2    Blank, L.3    Koorneef, L.4    Wiersinga, M.A.5
  • 16
    • 0034728880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiotherapy for Graves' orbitopathy: Randomised placebo-controlled study
    • Mourits M.P., Van Kempen-Harteveld M.L., Garcia Garcia M.B. et al. Radiotherapy for Graves' orbitopathy: Randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2000, 355: 1505-1509.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1505-1509
    • Mourits, M.P.1    Van Kempen-Harteveld, M.L.2    Garcia Garcia, M.B.3
  • 17
    • 0020620508 scopus 로고
    • Orbital cobalt irradiation combined with systemic corticosteroids for Graves' ophthalmopathy: Comparison with systemic corticosteroids alone
    • Bartalena L., Marcocci C., Chiovato L. et al. Orbital cobalt irradiation combined with systemic corticosteroids for Graves' ophthalmopathy: Comparison with systemic corticosteroids alone. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1983, 56: 1139-44.
    • (1983) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.56 , pp. 1139-1144
    • Bartalena, L.1    Marcocci, C.2    Chiovato, L.3
  • 18
    • 17944370142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effectiveness and tolerability of intravenous and oral glucocorticoids associated with orbital radiotherapy in the management of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy: Results of a prospective, single-blind, randomized study
    • Marcocci C., Bartalena L., Tanda M.L. et al. Comparison of the effectiveness and tolerability of intravenous and oral glucocorticoids associated with orbital radiotherapy in the management of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy: Results of a prospective, single-blind, randomized study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2001, 86: 3562-3567.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.86 , pp. 3562-3567
    • Marcocci, C.1    Bartalena, L.2    Tanda, M.L.3
  • 19
    • 0002862092 scopus 로고
    • Diseases of the orbit. Acute purulent keratitis in exophthalmic goitre treated by repeated tarsorrhaphy, resection of cervical sympathetic and x-rays; Retention of vision in one eye
    • Juler F.A. III. Diseases of the orbit. Acute purulent keratitis in exophthalmic goitre treated by repeated tarsorrhaphy, resection of cervical sympathetic and x-rays; Retention of vision in one eye. Trans. Ophthalmol. Soc. UK 1913, 33: 58-62.
    • (1913) Trans. Ophthalmol. Soc. UK , vol.33 , pp. 58-62
    • Juler F.A. III1
  • 20
    • 0012173585 scopus 로고
    • Die Behandlung von Hyperthyreosen durch Rontgenbestrahlung der Hypophyse
    • Borak J. Die Behandlung von Hyperthyreosen durch Rontgenbestrahlung der Hypophyse. Strahlentherapie 1935, 53: 73-89.
    • (1935) Strahlentherapie , vol.53 , pp. 73-89
    • Borak, J.1
  • 21
    • 0001100415 scopus 로고
    • Roentgen therapy of orbital-pituitary portals for progressive exophthalmos following subtotal thyroidectomy
    • Mandeville F.B. Roentgen therapy of orbital-pituitary portals for progressive exophthalmos following subtotal thyroidectomy. Radiology 1943, 41: 268-271.
    • (1943) Radiology , vol.41 , pp. 268-271
    • Mandeville, F.B.1
  • 22
    • 9444269485 scopus 로고
    • Orbital x-ray therapy of progressive exophthalmos
    • Jones A. Orbital x-ray therapy of progressive exophthalmos. Br. J. Radiol. 1951, 24: 637-646.
    • (1951) Br. J. Radiol. , vol.24 , pp. 637-646
    • Jones, A.1
  • 23
    • 0032923951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation therapy for benign disease of the orbit
    • Smitt M.C., Donaldson, S.S. Radiation therapy for benign disease of the orbit. Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 1999; 9: 179-189.
    • (1999) Semin. Radiat. Oncol. , vol.9 , pp. 179-189
    • Smitt, M.C.1    Donaldson, S.S.2
  • 24
    • 0027340599 scopus 로고
    • Randomized double-blind trial of prednisone versus radiotherapy in Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Prummel M.F., Mourits M.P., Blank L. et al. Randomized double-blind trial of prednisone versus radiotherapy in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Lancet 1993, 342: 949-954.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 949-954
    • Prummel, M.F.1    Mourits, M.P.2    Blank, L.3
  • 25
    • 0031745761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of thyroid eye disease
    • Perros P., Kendall-Taylor P. Natural history of thyroid eye disease. Thyroid 1998, 8: 423-425.
    • (1998) Thyroid , vol.8 , pp. 423-425
    • Perros, P.1    Kendall-Taylor, P.2
  • 26
    • 0031834399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The measurement of change in Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Gorman C.A. The measurement of change in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Thyroid 1998, 8: 539-543.
    • (1998) Thyroid , vol.8 , pp. 539-543
    • Gorman, C.A.1
  • 27
    • 0026386807 scopus 로고
    • Clever is not enough: NOSPECS is form in search of function
    • Gorman C.A. Clever is not enough: NOSPECS is form in search of function. Thyroid 1991, 1: 353-355.
    • (1991) Thyroid , vol.1 , pp. 353-355
    • Gorman, C.A.1
  • 28
    • 0024406924 scopus 로고
    • Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves' ophthalmopathy: A novel approach
    • Mourits M.P., Koornneef L., Wiersinga W.M. et al. Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves' ophthalmopathy: A novel approach. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1989, 73: 639-644.
    • (1989) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.73 , pp. 639-644
    • Mourits, M.P.1    Koornneef, L.2    Wiersinga, W.M.3
  • 29
    • 0027749580 scopus 로고
    • Graves' ophthalmopathy: Current concepts regarding pathogenesis and management
    • Burch H.B., Wartofsky L. Graves' ophthalmopathy: Current concepts regarding pathogenesis and management. Endocr. Rev. 1993, 14: 747-793.
    • (1993) Endocr. Rev. , vol.14 , pp. 747-793
    • Burch, H.B.1    Wartofsky, L.2
  • 30
    • 0034728880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiotherapy for Graves' orbitopathy: Randomized placebo-controlled study
    • Mourits M.P., Van Kempen-Harteveld M.L., Garcia M.B.G. et al. Radiotherapy for Graves' orbitopathy: Randomized placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2001, 355: 1505-1509.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1505-1509
    • Mourits, M.P.1    Van Kempen-Harteveld, M.L.2    Garcia, M.B.G.3
  • 31
    • 0034862613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Gorman C.A., Garrity J.A., Fatourechi V. et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology 2001, 108: 1523-1534.
    • (2001) Ophthalmology , vol.108 , pp. 1523-1534
    • Gorman, C.A.1    Garrity, J.A.2    Fatourechi, V.3
  • 32
    • 0036841646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aftermath of orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • in press
    • Gorman C.A., Garrity J.A., Fatourechi V. et al. The aftermath of orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology 2002, in press.
    • (2002) Ophthalmology
    • Gorman, C.A.1    Garrity, J.A.2    Fatourechi, V.3
  • 33
    • 0033749829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of retrobulbar irradiation on exophthalmos, ductions and soft tissue signs in Graves ophthalmopathy: A retrospective analysis of 90 cases
    • Van Ruyven R.I., Van Den Bosch W.A., Mulder P.G. et al. The effect of retrobulbar irradiation on exophthalmos, ductions and soft tissue signs in Graves ophthalmopathy: A retrospective analysis of 90 cases. Eye 2000, 5: 761-764.
    • (2000) Eye , vol.5 , pp. 761-764
    • Van Ruyven, R.I.1    Van Den Bosch, W.A.2    Mulder, P.G.3
  • 34
    • 0032805276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The placebo effect
    • Margo C.E. The placebo effect. Surv. Ophthalmol. 1999, 44: 31-44.
    • (1999) Surv. Ophthalmol. , vol.44 , pp. 31-44
    • Margo, C.E.1
  • 35
    • 0002430474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • In: Prummel M.F., Wiersinga W.M., Mourits M.Ph., Heufelder A.E. (Eds.); Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston/Dordrecht/London
    • Kahaly G.J., Gorman C.A., Kal H.B. et al. Radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy. In: Prummel M.F., Wiersinga W.M., Mourits M.Ph., Heufelder A.E. (Eds.), Recent Developments in Graves' Ophthalmopathy, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston/Dordrecht/London 2000, p. 115.
    • (2000) Recent Developments in Graves' Ophthalmopathy , pp. 115
    • Kahaly, G.J.1    Gorman, C.A.2    Kal, H.B.3
  • 37
    • 0034456267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-versus high-dose radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy: A randomized, single blind trial
    • Kahaly G.J., Rösler H.-P., Pitz S. et al. Low-versus high-dose radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy: A randomized, single blind trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2000, 85: 102-108.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.85 , pp. 102-108
    • Kahaly, G.J.1    Rösler, H.-P.2    Pitz, S.3
  • 39
    • 0021126276 scopus 로고
    • Radiation retinopathy after orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Kinyoun J.L., Kalina R.E., Brower S.A. et al. Radiation retinopathy after orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1984, 102: 1473-1476.
    • (1984) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.102 , pp. 1473-1476
    • Kinyoun, J.L.1    Kalina, R.E.2    Brower, S.A.3
  • 40
    • 0029045082 scopus 로고
    • Radiation retinopathy in patients with both diabetes mellitus and ophthalmic Graves' disease
    • Polak B.C.P., Wijngaarde R. Radiation retinopathy in patients with both diabetes mellitus and ophthalmic Graves' disease. Orbit 1995, 14: 71-74.
    • (1995) Orbit , vol.14 , pp. 71-74
    • Polak, B.C.P.1    Wijngaarde, R.2
  • 41
    • 0025874512 scopus 로고
    • Synergism between diabetic and radiation retinopathy; Case report and review
    • Viebahn M., Barricks M.E., Osterloh M.D. Synergism between diabetic and radiation retinopathy; Case report and review. Brit. J. Ophthalmol. 1991, 75: 629-632.
    • (1991) Brit. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.75 , pp. 629-632
    • Viebahn, M.1    Barricks, M.E.2    Osterloh, M.D.3
  • 42
    • 0026006459 scopus 로고
    • Radiation retinopathy after standard radiotherapy for thyroid related ophthalmopathy
    • Miller M.L., Goldberg S.H., Bullock J.D. Radiation retinopathy after standard radiotherapy for thyroid related ophthalmopathy. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 1991, 112: 600-601.
    • (1991) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.112 , pp. 600-601
    • Miller, M.L.1    Goldberg, S.H.2    Bullock, J.D.3
  • 43
    • 0032492399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transitory blindness after retrobulbar irradiation of Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Nygaard B., Specht L. Transitory blindness after retrobulbar irradiation of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Lancet 1998, 351: 725-726.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 725-726
    • Nygaard, B.1    Specht, L.2
  • 44
    • 0030031132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probable risk of tumour induction after retro-orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Snijders-Keiholz A., De Keizer R.J.W., Goslings B.M. et al. Probable risk of tumour induction after retro-orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Radiother. Oncol. 1996, 38: 69-71.
    • (1996) Radiother. Oncol. , vol.38 , pp. 69-71
    • Snijders-Keiholz, A.1    De Keizer, R.J.W.2    Goslings, B.M.3
  • 45
    • 0029838124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probable risk of tumor induction after retro-orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Blank L.E.C.M., Barendsen G.W., Prummel M.F. et al. Probable risk of tumor induction after retro-orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Radiother. Oncol. 1996, 40: 187-188.
    • (1996) Radiother. Oncol. , vol.40 , pp. 187-188
    • Blank, L.E.C.M.1    Barendsen, G.W.2    Prummel, M.F.3
  • 46
    • 0032804163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of a carcinogenic risk for treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy in dependence on age and irradiation geometry
    • Broerse J.J., Snijders-Kielholz A., Jansen J.T.M. et al. Assessment of a carcinogenic risk for treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy in dependence on age and irradiation geometry. Radiother. Oncol. 1999, 53: 205-208.
    • (1999) Radiother. Oncol. , vol.53 , pp. 205-208
    • Broerse, J.J.1    Snijders-Kielholz, A.2    Jansen, J.T.M.3
  • 47
    • 0036138438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A long-term follow-up study after retro-orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Schaefer U., Hesselmann S., Micke O. et al. A long-term follow-up study after retro-orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2002, 52: 192-197.
    • (2002) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. , vol.52 , pp. 192-197
    • Schaefer, U.1    Hesselmann, S.2    Micke, O.3
  • 48
    • 0030014809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of Graves' ophthalmopathy in an incidence cohort
    • Bartley G.B., Fatourechi V., Kadrmas E.F. et al. Long-term follow-up of Graves' ophthalmopathy in an incidence cohort. Ophthalmology 1996, 103: 958-962.
    • (1996) Ophthalmology , vol.103 , pp. 958-962
    • Bartley, G.B.1    Fatourechi, V.2    Kadrmas, E.F.3
  • 49
    • 0031448752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of life in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy is markedly decreased: Measurement by the Medical Outcomes Study Instrument
    • Gerding M.N., Terwee C.B., Dekker F.W., Koornneef L., Prummel M.F., Wiersinga W.M. Quality of life in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy is markedly decreased: Measurement by the Medical Outcomes Study Instrument. Thyroid 1997, 7: 885-889.
    • (1997) Thyroid , vol.7 , pp. 885-889
    • Gerding, M.N.1    Terwee, C.B.2    Dekker, F.W.3    Koornneef, L.4    Prummel, M.F.5    Wiersinga, W.M.6
  • 50
    • 0036145142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does radiotherapy have a role in the management of thyroid orbitopathy? View 1
    • Cockerham K.P., Kennerdell J.S. Does radiotherapy have a role in the management of thyroid orbitopathy? View 1. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2002, 86: 102-104.
    • (2002) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.86 , pp. 102-104
    • Cockerham, K.P.1    Kennerdell, J.S.2
  • 51
    • 0036363921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does radiotherapy have a role in the management of thyroid orbitopathy? View 2
    • Mourits M.P. Does radiotherapy have a role in the management of thyroid orbitopathy? View 2. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2002, 86: 104-106.
    • (2002) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.86 , pp. 104-106
    • Mourits, M.P.1
  • 52
    • 0034862448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation therapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy: Trick or treat?
    • Feldon S.E. Radiation therapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy: Trick or treat? Ophthalmology 2001, 108: 1521-1522.
    • (2001) Ophthalmology , vol.108 , pp. 1521-1522
    • Feldon, S.E.1
  • 53
    • 0027340599 scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind trial of prednisone versus radiotherapy in Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Prummel M.F., Mourits M.P., Blank L., Berghout A., Koornneef L., Wiersinga W.M. Randomised double-blind trial of prednisone versus radiotherapy in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Lancet 1993, 342: 949-954.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 949-954
    • Prummel, M.F.1    Mourits, M.P.2    Blank, L.3    Berghout, A.4    Koornneef, L.5    Wiersinga, W.M.6
  • 54
    • 0026337841 scopus 로고
    • Orbital radiotherapy combined with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids is more effective than orbital radiotherapy alone: Results of a prospective study
    • Marcocci C., Bartalena L., Bogazzi F., Bruno-Bossio G., Lepri A., Pinchera A. Orbital radiotherapy combined with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids is more effective than orbital radiotherapy alone: Results of a prospective study. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 1991, 14: 853-860.
    • (1991) J. Endocrinol. Invest. , vol.14 , pp. 853-860
    • Marcocci, C.1    Bartalena, L.2    Bogazzi, F.3    Bruno-Bossio, G.4    Lepri, A.5    Pinchera, A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.