Variability in an edaphic indicator in alpine tundra

Catena

Volumn 49, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 203-215

  Malanson, G P ^a   Butler, D R ^b   Cairns, D M ^c   Welsh, T E ^a   Resler, L M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^b TEXAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Rock fragments; Solifluction; Spatial pattern; Treeline

Indexed keywords

AGGREGATION; ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; SOLIFLUCTION; SPATIAL VARIATION; TREELINE; TUNDRA SOIL;

EID: 0037206581     PISSN: 03418162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00045-0     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Allen, TR., Walsh, S.J., 1996. Spatial composition and pattern of alpine treeline, Glacier National Park, Montana. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 62, 1261-1268.
2. Allen, TR., Walsh, S.J., Cairns, D.M., Messina, J., Butler, D.R., Malanson, G.P., 2002. Geostatistics and spatial analysis: characterizing form and pattern at the alpine treeline. In: Bishop, M., Shroder, J. (Eds.), Geographic Information Science and Mountain Geomorphology. Springer-Praxis, London, in press.
3. Bamberg, S.A., Major, J., 1968. Ecology of the vegetation and soils associated with calcareous parent materials in three alpine regions of Montana. Ecological Monographs 38, 127-167.
4. Becwar, M.R., Burke, M.J., 1982. Winter hardiness limitations and physiography of woody timberline flora. In: Li, P.H., Sakai, A. (Eds.), Plant Cold Hardiness and Freezing Stress: Mechanisms and Crop Implications, vol. 2. Academic Press, New York, pp. 307-323.
5. Bednorz, F., Reichstein, M., Broll, G., Holtmeier, F.K., Urfer, W., 2000. Humus forms in the forest-alpine tundra ecotone at Stillberg (Dischmatal, Switzerland): spatial heterogeneity and classification. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 32, 21-29.
6. Bekker, M.F., Malanson, G.P., Alftine, K.J., Cairns, D.M., 2001. Feedback and pattern in computer simulations of the alpine treeline ecotone. In: Millington, A.C., Walsh, S.J., Osborne, P.E. (Eds.), GIS and Remote Sensing Applications in Biogeography and Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishing, Dordrecht, pp. 123-138.
7. Bockheim, J.G., Munroe, J.S., Douglass, D., Koemer, D., 2000. Soil development along an elevational gradient in the southeastern Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA. Catena 39, 169-185.
8. Brooker, R.W., Callaghan, T.V., 1998. The balance between positive and negative plant interactions and its relationship to environmental gradients: a model. Oikos 81, 196-207.
9. Brown, D.G., 1994. Comparison of vegetation-topography relationships at the alpine treeline ecotone. Physical Geography 15, 125-145.
10. Burns, S.F., Tonkin, P.J., 1982. Soil-geomorphic models and the spatial distribution and development of alpine soils. In: Thorn, C.E. (Ed.), Space and Time in Geomorphology. George Allen and Unwin, London, pp. 25-43.
11. Butler, D.R., 1995. Zoogeomorphology: Animals as Geomorphic Agents. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
12. Butler, D.R., Malanson, G.P., 1989. Periglacial patterned ground, Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, Canada and USA. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 33, 43-57.
13. Butler, D.R., Malanson, G.P., 1999. Site locations and characteristics of miniature patterned ground, eastern Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Landform Analysis 2, 45-49.
14. Butler, D.R., Walsh, S.J., 1994. Site characteristics of debris flows and their relationship to alpine treeline. Physical Geography 15, 181-199.
15. Butler, D.R., Malanson, G.P., Bekker, M.F., Reseler, L., 2002. Lithologic, structural, and geomorphic controls on ribbon forest patterns. Geomorphology, in review.
16. Caims, D.M., 1999. Multi-scale analysis of soil nutrients at alpine treeline in Glacier National Park, Montana. Physical Geography 20, 256-271.
17. Caims, D.M., 2001. Patterns of winter dessication in kmmmholz forms of Abies lasiocarpa at treeline sites in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Geografiska Annaler 83A, 157-168.
18. Caims, D.M., Malanson, G.P., 1997. Examination of the carbon balance hypothesis of alpine treeline location, Glacier National Park, Montana. Physical Geography 18, 125-145.
19. Caims, D.M., Malanson, G.P., 1998. Environmental variables influencing carbon balance at the alpine treeline ecotone: a modeling approach. Journal of Vegetation Science 9, 679-692.
20. Callaway, R.M., 1997. Positive interactions in plant communities and the individualistic-continuum concept. Oecologia 112, 143-149.
21. Dutton, B.L., Marrett, D.J., 1997. Soils of Glacier National Park East of the Continental Divide. Land and Water Consulting, Missoula, MT.
22. Eriksson, C.P., Holmgren, P., 1996. Estimating stone and boulder content in forest soils - evaluating the potential of surface penetration methods. Catena 28, 121-134.
23. Fortin, M.-J., 1999. Spatial statistics in landscape ecology. In: Klopatek, J.M., Gardner, R.H. (Eds.), Landscape Ecological Analysis. Springer, New York, pp. 253-279.
24. Funes, G., Basconcelo, S., Diaz, S., Cabido, M., 1999. Seed bank dynamics of Lachemilla pinnata (Rosaceae) in different plant communities of mountain grasslands in central Argentina. Annales Botanici Fennici 36, 109-114.
25. Habeck, J.R., 1969. A gradient analysis of a timberline zone at Logan Pass, Glacier National Park, Montana. Northwest Science 43, 65-73.
26. Holtmeier, F.-K., 1982. "Ribbon-forest" and "hedges." Strip-like distribution patterns of trees at the upper timberline in the Rocky Mountains. Erdkunde 36, 142-153.
27. Holtmeier, F.-K., Broll, G., 1992. The influence of tree islands and microtopography on pedoecological conditions in the forest-alpine tundra ecotone on Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research 24, 216-228.
28. Ingelmo, F., Cuadrado, S., Ibanez, A., Hernandez, J., 1994. Hydric properties of some Spanish soils in relation to their rock fragment content: implications for runoff and vegetation. Catena 23, 73-85.
29. Klimowicz, Z., Uziak, S., 1996. Arctic soil properties associated with micro-relief forms in the Bellsund region (Spitsbergen). Catena 28, 135-149.
30. Korner, C., 1998. A reassessment of high-elevation treeline positions and their explanation. Oecologia 115, 445-459.
31. Kosmas, C., Moustakas, N., Danalatos, N.G., Yassoglou, N., 1994. The effect of rock fragments on wheat biomass production under highly variable moisture conditions in Mediterranean environments. Catena 23, 191-198.
32. Kupfer, J.A., Cairns, D.M., 1996. The suitability of montane ecotones as indicators of global climatic change. Progress in Physical Geography 20, 253-272.
33. Leprun, J.C., 1999. The influence of ecological factors on tiger bush and dotted bush patterns along a gradient from Mali to northern Burkina Faso. Catena 37, 25-44.
34. Macdonald, B.C.T., Melville, M.D., White, I., 1999. The distribution of soluble cations within chenopod-patterned ground, arid western New South Wales, Australia. Catena 37, 89-105.
35. Malanson, G.P., 1997. Effects of feedbacks and seed rain on ecotone patterns. Landscape Ecology 12, 27-38.
36. Malanson, G.P., 1999. Considering complexity. Annals, Association of American Geographers 89, 746-753.
37. Malanson, G.P., Butler, D.R., 1994. Competitive hierarchies, soil fertility gradients, and the elevation of treeline in Glacier National Park, Montana. Physical Geography 15, 166-180.
38. Malanson, G.P., Xiao, N., Alftine, K.J., 2001. A simulation test of the resource averaging hypothesis of ecotone formation. Journal of Vegetation Science 12, 743-748.
39. Nimlos, T.J., McConnell, R.C., 1962. The morphology of alpine soils in Montana. Northwest Science 36, 99-112.
40. Noble, I.R., 1993. A model of the responses of ecotones to climate change. Ecological Applications 3, 396-403.
41. Pauker, S.J., Seastedt, T.R., 1996. Effects of mobile tree islands on soil carbon storage in tundra ecosystems. Ecology 77, 2563-2567.
42. Perez, F.L., 1992. Processes of turf exfoliation (Rasenabschälung) in the high Venezuelan Andes. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 36, 81-106.
43. Poesen, J., Lavee, H., 1994. Rock fragments in top soils - significance and processes. Catena 23, 1-28.
44. Seastedt, T.R., Adams, G.A., 2001. Effects of mobile tree islands on alpine tundra soils. Ecology 82, 8-17.
45. Seastedt, T.R., Vaccaro, L., 2001. Plant species richness, productivity, and nitrogen and phosphorus limitations across a snowpack gradient in alpine tundra, Colorado, USA. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 33, 100-106.
46. Shiels, A.B., Sanford, R.L., 2001. Soil nutrient differences between two krummholz-form tree species and adjacent alpine tundra. Geoderma 102, 205-217.
47. Stanton, M.L., Rejmanek, M., Galen, C., 1994. Changes in vegetation and soil fertility along a predictable snowmelt gradient in the Mosquito Range, Colorado, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research 26, 364-374.
48. Stevens, G.C., Fox, J.F., 1991. The causes of treeline. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22, 177-191.
49. Timoney, K.P., La Roi, G.H., Dale, M.R.T., 1993. Subarctic forest-tundra vegetation gradients: the sigmoid wave hypothesis. Journal of Vegetation Science 4, 387-394.
50. Urban, D.L., Miller, C., Halpin, P.N., Stephenson, N.L., 2000. Forest gradient response in Sierran landscapes: the physical template. Landscape Ecology 15, 603-620.
51. Valentin, C., d'Herbes, J.M., Poesen, J., 1999. Soil and water components of banded vegetation patterns. Catena 37, 1-24.
52. van Wesemael, B., Mulligan, M., Poesen, J., 2000. Spatial patterns of soil water balance on intensively cultivated hillslopes in a semi-arid environment: the impact of rock fragments and soil thickness. Hydrological Processes 14, 1811-1828.
53. Walsh, S.J., Kelly, N.M., 1990. Treeline migration and terrain variability: integration of remote sensing digital enhancements and digital elevation models. Proceedings, Applied Geography Conference 13, 24-32.
54. Walsh, S.J., Malanson, G.P., Butler, D.R., 1992. Alpine treeline in Glacier National Park, Montana. In: Janelle, D.G. (Ed.), Geographical Snapshots of North America. Guilford Press, New York, pp. 167-171.
55. Walsh, S.J., Butler, D.R., Allen, T.R., Malanson, G.P., 1994. Influence of snow patterns and snow avalanches on the alpine treeline ecotone. Journal of Vegetation, 657-672.
56. Walsh, S.J., Butler, D.R., Malanson, G.P., Crews-Meyer, K.A., Messina, J.P., Xiao, N., 2002. Mapping, modeling, and visualization of the influences of geomorphic processes on the alpine treeline ecotone, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Geomorphology, (in press).
57. Wilson, J.B., Agnew, A.D.Q., 1992. Positive-feedback switches in plant communities. Advances in Ecological Research 23, 263-336.
58. Zonneveld, I.S., 1999. A geomorphological based banded ('tiger') vegetation pattern related to former dune fields in Sokoto (Northern Nigeria). Catena 37, 45-56.