Morphogenic and tumorigenic potentials of the mammary growth hormone/growth hormone receptor system

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

Volumn 197, Issue 1-2, 2002, Pages 153-165

  Van Garderen, Evert ^a,d   Schalken, Jack A ^a,b,c  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^d CRUCELL HOLLAND BV   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Breast; Dog; Growth hormone; Growth hormone receptor; Mammary; Prostate; Review; Tumor

Indexed keywords

GESTAGEN; GROWTH HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE BINDING PROTEIN; GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR; LIGAND; PROGESTERONE; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; STAT5 PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TYROSINE;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; BREAST; BREAST CANCER; BREAST CARCINOMA; BREAST TUMOR; CANCER CELL; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY; CELL ACTIVITY; CELL MEMBRANE; CELL PROLIFERATION; CYTOPLASM; DOWN REGULATION; GENETIC CODE; HORMONE SENSITIVITY; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; MAMMARY GLAND; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; MORPHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PHOSPHORYLATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; STIMULUS RESPONSE; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; TRANSLATION INITIATION; TUMOR CELL LINE; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL; DOG; EXPERIMENTAL NEOPLASM; FEMALE; GENETICS; MALE; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; METABOLISM; MOLECULAR GENETICS; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PROSTATE TUMOR; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; UDDER;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DOGS; FEMALE; GROWTH HORMONE; HUMANS; MALE; MAMMARY GLANDS, ANIMAL; MAMMARY NEOPLASMS, ANIMAL; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RECEPTORS, SOMATOTROPIN; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT;

EID: 0037195533     PISSN: 03037207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00259-9     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Barnard R., Ng K.W., Martin T.J., Waters M.J. Growth hormone (GH) receptors in clonal osteoblast-like cells mediate a mitogenic response to GH. Endocrinology. 128:1991;1459-1464.
2. Baumann G. Growth hormone heterogeneity: genes, isohormones, variants, and binding proteins. Endocr. Rev. 12:1991;424-449.
3. Baumgartner J.W., Wells C.A., Chen C.M., Waters M.J. The role of the WSXWS equivalent motif in growth hormone receptor function. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;29094-29101.
4. Billestrup N., Nielsen J.H. The stimulatory effect of growth hormone, prolactin, and placental lactogen on beta-cell proliferation is not mediated by insulin-like growth factor-I. Endocrinology. 129:1991;883-888.
5. Blankenstein M.A., Bolt-de Vries J., van Aubel O.G., van Steenbrugge G.J. Hormone receptors in human prostate cancer. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. Suppl. 107:1988;39-45.
6. Casey H.W., Giles R.C., Kwapien R.P. Mammary neoplasia in animals. Pathologic aspects and the effect of contraceptive steroids. Rec. Res. Cancer Res. 66:1979;129-160.
7. Concannon P.W., Hansel W., Visek W.J. The ovarian cycle of the bitch: plasma estrogen, LH and progesterone. Biol. Reprod. 13:1975;112-121.
8. Cooke N.E., Liebhaber S.A. Molecular biology of the growth hormone-prolactin gene system. Vitam. Horm. 50:1995;385-459.
9. Coradini D., Biffi A., Cappelletti V., Di Fronzo G. Effects of toremifene and its main metabolites on growth of breast cancer cell lines. Anticancer Res. 11:1991;2191-2197.
10. Deplewski D., Rosenfield R.L. Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors have different effects on sebaceous cell growth and differentiation. Endocrinology. 140:1999;4089-4094.
11. Dickson R.B., Lippman M.E. Growth factors in breast cancer. Endocr. Rev. 16:1995;559-589.
12. Edens A., Talamantes F. Alternative processing of growth hormone receptor transcripts. Endocr. Rev. 19:1998;559-582.
13. Ekman P., Brolin J. Steroid receptor profile in human prostate cancer metastases as compared with primary prostatic carcinoma. Prostate. 18:1991;147-153.
14. El Etreby M.F., Gräf K.J. Effect of contraceptive steroids on mammary gland of female dog and its relevance to human carcinogenicity. Pharm. Ther. 5:1979;369-402.
15. Fujikawa T., Kaneko H., Hibasami H., Sakaguchi K., Alam K.S., Tanaka M., Nakashima K. Inverse effects of 20K and 22K human growth hormones on the growth of T-47D human breast cancer cells in culture and in nude mice. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 46:1998;719-724.
16. Gebre-Mehin M., Kindblom L.G., Wennbo H., Törnell J., Meis-Kindblom J.M. Growth hormone receptor is expressed in human breast cancer. Am. J. Pathol. 158:2001;1217-1222.
17. Gobius K.S., Rowlinson S.W., Barnard R., Mattick J.S., Waters M.J. The first disulphide loop of the rabbit growth hormone receptor is required for binding to the hormone. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 9:1992;213-220.
18. Hall R.E., Lee C.S., Alexander I.E., Shine J., Clarke C.L., Sutherland R.L. Steroid hormone receptor gene expression in human breast cancer cells: inverse relationship between oestrogen and glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA levels. Int. J. Cancer. 46:1990;1081-1087.
19. Hellmén E., Moller M., Blankenstein M.A., Andersson L., Westermark B. Expression of different phenotypes in cell lines from canine mammary spindle-cell tumours and osteosarcomas indicating a pluripotent mammary stem cell origin. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 61:2000;197-210.
20. Hill D.J., Riley S.C., Bassett N.S., Waters M.J. Localization of the growth hormone receptor, identified by immunocytochemistry, in second trimester human fetal tissues and in placenta throughout gestation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 75:1992;646-650.
21. Hiramatsu M., Maehara I., Orikasa S., Sasano H. Immunolocalization of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma. Histopathology. 28:1996;163-168.
22. Hsieh T.C., Wu J.M. Differential effects on growth, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis by resveratrol in human prostate cancer cell lines. Exp. Cell Res. 249:1999;109-115.
23. Humphreys R.C., Lydon J., O'Malley B.W., Rosen J.M. Mammary gland development is mediated by both stromal and epithelial progesterone receptors. Mol. Endocrinol. 11:1997;801-811.
24. Izadyar F., Colenbrander B., Bevers M.M. Stimulatory effect of growth hormone on in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes is exerted through the cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate signaling pathway. Biol. Reprod. 57:1997;1484-1489.
25. Izbicka E., MacDonald J.R., Davidson K., Lawrence R.A., Gomez L., Von Hoff D.D. 5,6 Dihydro-5′-azacytidine (DHAC) restores androgen responsiveness in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 19:1999;1285-1291.
26. Kaulsay K.K., Mertani H.C., Tornell J., Morel G., Lee K.O., Lobie P.E. Autocrine stimulation of human mammary carcinoma cell proliferation by human growth hormone. Exp. Cell Res. 250:1999;35-50.
27. Kumar V.L., Wadhwa S.N., Kumar V., Farooq A. Androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptor contents and serum hormone profiles in patients with benign hypertrophy and carcinoma of the prostate. J. Surg. Oncol. 44:1990;122-128.
28. Lantinga-van Leeuwen I.S., Oudshoorn M., Mol J.A. Canine mammary growth hormone gene transcription initiates at the pituitary-specific start site in the absence of Pit-1. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 150:1999;121-128.
29. Lantinga-van Leeuwen I.S., van Garderen E., Rutteman G.R., Mol J.A. Cloning and cellular localization of the canine progesterone receptor: co-localization with growth hormone in the mammary gland. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 75:2000;219-228.
30. Lecomte C.M., Renard A., Martial J.A. A new natural hGH variant-17.5 kd-produced by alternative splicing. An additional consensus sequence which might play a role in branchpoint selection. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:1987;6331-6348.
31. Lin V.C., Ng E.H., Aw S.E., Tan M.G., Chan V.S., Ho G.H. Progestins inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with progesterone receptor complementary DNA. Clin. Cancer Res. 5:1999;395-403.
32. Lincoln D.T., Waters M.J., Breipohl W., Sinowatz F., Lobie P.E. Growth hormone receptors expression in the proliferating rat mammary gland. Acta Histochem. Suppl. 40:1990;47-49.
33. Lobie P.E., Breipohl W., Waters M.J. Growth hormone receptor expression in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Endocrinology. 126:1990;299-306.
34. Lobie P.E., Breipohl W., Lincoln D.T., Garcia-Aragon J., Waters M.J. Localization of the growth hormone receptor/binding protein in skin. J. Endocrinol. 126:1990;467-472.
35. Lobie P.E., Breipohl W., Garcia-Aragon J., Waters M.J. Cellular localization of the growth hormone receptor/binding protein in the male and female reproductive systems. Endocrinology. 126:1990;2214-2221.
36. Lobie P.E., Garcia-Aragon J., Wang B.S., Baumbach W.R., Waters M.J. Cellular localization of the growth hormone binding protein in the rat. Endocrinology. 130:1992;3057-3065.
37. Madsen K., Friberg U., Roos P., Eden S., Isaksson O. Growth hormone stimulates the proliferation of cultured chondrocytes from rabbit ear and rat rib growth cartilage. Nature. 304:1983;545-547.
38. Mertani H.C., Pechoux C., Garcia-Caballero T., Waters M.J., Morel G. Cellular localization of the growth hormone receptor/binding protein in the human anterior pituitary gland. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80:1995;3361-3367.
39. Mertani H.C., Garcia-Caballero T., Lambert A., Gerard F., Palayer C., Boutin J.M., Vonderhaar B.K., Waters M.J., Lobie P.E., Morel G. Cellular expression of growth hormone and prolactin receptors in human breast disorders. Int. J. Cancer. 79:1998;202-211.
40. Misdorp W. Progestagens and mammary tumours in dogs and cats. Acta. Endocr. (Copenh). 125:(Suppl. 1):1991;27-31.
41. Mol J.A., van Garderen E., Selman P.J., Wolfswinkel J., Rijnberk A., Rutteman G.R. Growth Hormone mRNA in mammary gland tumours of dogs and cats. J. Clin. Invest. 95:1995;2028-2034.
42. Mol J.A., Henzen-Logmans S.C., Hageman P., Misdorp W., Blankenstein M.A., Rijnberk A. Expression of the gene encoding growth hormone in the human mammary gland. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80:1995;3094-3096.
43. Mol J.A., van Garderen E., Rutteman G.R., Rijnberk A. New insights in the molecular mechanism of progestin-induced proliferation of mammary epithelium: induction of the local biosynthesis of growth hormone (GH) in the mammary glands of dogs, cats and humans. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 57:1996;67-71.
44. Nelson L.W., Kelly W.A. Changes in canine mammary gland histology during the estrous cycle. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 27:1974;113-122.
45. Oakes S.R., Haynes K.M., Waters M.J., Herington A.C., Werther G.A. Demonstration and localization of growth hormone receptor in human skin and skin fibroblasts. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 75:1990;1368-1373.
46. Owen L.N., Briggs M.H. Contraceptive steroid toxicology in the beagle dog and its relevance to human carcinogenecity. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 4:1976;309-329.
47. Ross R.J.M., Esposito N., Shen X.Y., Von Laue S., Chew S.L., Dobson P.R.M., Postel-Vinay M.C., Finidori J. A short isoform of the human growth hormone receptor functions as a dominant negative inhibitor of the full-length receptor and generates large amounts of binding protein. Mol. Endocrinol. 11:1997;265-273.
48. Rutteman G.R. Contraceptive steroids and the mammary gland: Is there a hazard? - Insights from animal studies. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 23:1992;29-41.
49. Selman P.J., Mol J.A., Rutteman G.R., van Garderen E., Rijnberk A. Progestin-induced growth hormone excess in the dog originates in the mammary gland. Endocrinology. 134:1994;287-292.
50. Shi Y.E., Liu Y.E., Lippman M.E., Dickson R.B. Progestins and antiprogestins in mammary tumour growth and metastasis. Hum. Reprod. 9:(Suppl. 1):1994;162-173.
51. Strange R., Friis R.R., Bemis L.T., Geske F.J. Programmed cell death during mammary gland involution. Methods Cell Biol. 46:1995;355-368.
52. Sutherland R.L., Hall R.E., Pang G.Y., Musgrove E.A., Clarke C.L. Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on proliferation and cell cycle kinetics of human mammary carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 48:1988;5084-5091.
53. Tamura M., Sasano H., Suzuki T., Fukaya T., Watanabe T., Aoki H., Nagura H., Yajima A. Immunohistochemical localization of growth hormone receptor in cyclic human ovaries. Hum. Reprod. 9:1994;2259-2262.
54. Tsunekawa B., Wada M., Ikeda M., Uchida H., Naito N., Honjo M. The 20-kilodalton (kDa) human growth hormone (hGH) differs from the 22-kDa hGH in the effect on the human prolactin receptor. Endocrinology. 140:1999;3909-3918.
55. Tuggle C.K., Trenkle A. Control of growth hormone synthesis. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 13:1996;1-33.
56. van Garderen E., de Wit M., Voorhout W.F., Rutteman G.R., Mol J.A., Nederbragt H., Misdorp W. Expression of growth hormone in canine mammary tissue and mammary tumors. Evidence for a potential autocrine/paracrine stimulatory loop. Am. J. Pathol. 150:1997;1037-1047.
57. van Garderen E., van der Poel H.J., Swennenhuis J.F., Wissink E.H., Rutteman G.R., Hellmen E., Mol J.A., Schalken J.A. Expression and molecular characterization of the growth hormone receptor in canine mammary tissue and mammary tumors. Endocrinology. 140:1999;5907-5914.
58. van Garderen, E., 2000. Investigations on the Growth Hormone/growth Hormone Receptor Axis in the Canine Mammary Gland. Thesis, Utrecht University.
59. van Garderen E., Swennenhuis J.F., Hellmén E., Schalken J.A. Growth hormone induces tyrosyl phosphorylation of the transcription factors STAT5a and STAT5b in CMT-U335 canine mammary tumor cells. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 20:2001;123-135.
60. Vogel P.M., Georgiade N.G., Fetter B.F., Vogel F.S., McCarty K.S. Jr. The correlation of histologic changes in the human breast with the menstrual cycle. Am. J. Pathol. 104:1981;23-34.
61. Wada M., Ikeda M., Takahashi Y., Asada N., Chang K.T., Takahashi M., Honjo M. The full agonistic effect of recombinant 20 kDa human growth hormone (hGH) on CHO cells stably transfected with hGH receptor cDNA. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 133:1997;99-107.
62. Yen P.M., Liu Y., Palvimo J.J., Trifiro M., Whang J., Pinsky L., Janne O.A., Chin W.W. Mutant and wild-type androgen receptors exhibit cross-talk on androgen-, glucocorticoid-, and progesterone-mediated transcription. Mol. Endocrinol. 11:1997;162-171.
63. Zhou Z., Corden J.L., Brown T.R. Identification and characterization of a novel androgen response element composed of a direct repeat. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;8227-8235.