A new global effort to control malaria

Science

Volumn 298, Issue 5591, 2002, Pages 122-124

  Sachs, Jeffrey D ^a  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISEASES;

ENDEMIC REGIONS;

MALARIA CONTROL;

ARTEMISININ; CHLOROQUINE; CHLORPHENOTANE; MALARIA VACCINE;

DISEASE CONTROL; GENOME; GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE; MALARIA;

AFRICA; DRUG RESEARCH; ENDEMIC DISEASE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE FINANCING; HUMAN; INDUSTRY; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MALARIA; MALARIA CONTROL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY; VACCINE PRODUCTION; VECTOR CONTROL;

AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; ANIMALS; ANTIMALARIALS; BUDGETS; DRUG RESISTANCE; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FINANCIAL SUPPORT; HUMANS; INSECT VECTORS; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MALARIA; MALARIA VACCINES; MOSQUITO CONTROL; POLITICS; POPULATION GROWTH; RESEARCH; UNITED NATIONS; WORLD HEALTH; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 0037020026     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1077900     Document Type: Short Survey

References (15)

1. J. Sachs et al., Nature 415, 680 (2002).
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5. The basic reproduction rate increases with temperature (and thus is higher in the tropics) and depends on the human biting rate of the vector, which is particularly high for the dominant African vectors Anopheles gambiae, A. arabiensis, and A. funestus.
6. K. Dietz, in Malaria: Principles and Practice of Malariology, W. H. Wernsdorfer, I. McGregor, Eds. (Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1988), vol. 2, pp. 1091-1133.
7. J. Utzinger et al., Trop. Med. Int. Health 6, 677 (2001).
8. J. Utzinger et al., Trop. Med. Int. Health 7, 657 (2002).
9. DDT still reduces the longevity of DDT-resistant mosquitoes, thereby reducing the force of transmission. DDT's use for indoor residual spraying poses no known ecological dangers, as opposed to its use in much greater volumes for agriculture.
10. Some health-sector loans included small amounts for malaria control. See the "Project Database" on the Malaria Home Page of the World Bank, www.worldbank.org.
11. The WHO commission on Macroeconomics and Health (2001) estimated that the direct costs of malaria prevention and treatment would require an additional $2.5 billion per year by 2007, but that estimate does not fully account for the increased overhead costs of an expanded health system, nor the costs of introducing new drugs to overcome drug resistance.
12. A. Spielman et al., Industrial Anti-Malaria Policies (Center for International Development, Harvard University, 2002).
13. World Economic Forum, Global Health Initiative: Resource Paper (Geneva, February 2002.)
14. World Health Organization, Commission on Macroeconomics and Health: Investing in Health for Economic Development (Geneva, 2001).
15. J. L. Gallup, J. D. Sachs, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 64, 85 (2001).