Basaltic pahoehoe lava-fed deltas: Large-scale characteristics, clast generation, emplacement processes and environmental discrimination

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 202, Issue , 2002, Pages 91-113

  Skilling, I P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BASALT; DELTA; EMPLACEMENT; LAVA FLOW; PAHOEHOE; VOLCANICLASTIC DEPOSIT;

ANTARCTICA;

EID: 0036999948     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.202.01.06     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. BIBBY, J. S. 1966. The stratigraphy of part of North-east Graham Land and the James Ross Island Group. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports, 53.
2. BISHOP, P. 1985. Early Miocene flow-foot breccia from the Upper Lachlan Valley. New South Wales: characteristics and significance. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32, 107-113.
3. BLUCK, B. J. 1982. Hyalotuff deltaic deposits in the Ballantrae ophiolite of SW Scotland: evidence for crustal position of the lava sequence. Transactions Royal Society Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 72, 217-228.
4. CORNER, G. D., NORDAHL, E., MUNCH-ELLINGSEN, K. & ROBERTSON, K. R. 1990. Morphology and sedimentology of an emergent fjord-head Gilbert-type delta: Alta delta, Norway. In: COLELLA, A. & PRIOR, D. B. (eds) Coarse-grained deltas. International Association of Sedimentologists. Special Publications, 10, 155-168.
5. FISHER, R. V. 1968. Puu Hou littoral cones, Hawaii. Geologische Rundschau, 57, 837-864.
6. FURNES, H. & FRIDLEIFSSON, I. B. 1974. Tidal effects on the formation of pillow lava/hyaloclastite deltas. Geology, 2, 381-384.
7. FURNES, H. & FRIDLEIFSSON, I. B. 1979. Pillow block breccia - occurrences and mode of formation. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie und Palaeontologie, 3, 147-154.
8. FURNES, H. & STURT, B. A. 1976. Beach/shallow marine hyaloclastite deposits and their geological significance - an example from Gran Canaria. Journal of Geology, 84, 439-453
9. GILBERT, G. K. 1885. The topographic features of lake shores. Annual Report of United States Geological Survey, 5, 75-123.
10. GREGG, T. K. P. & FINK, J. H. 1995. Quantification of submarine lava-flow morphology through analog experiments. Geology, 23, 73-76.
11. GRIFFITHS, R. W. & FINK, J. H. 1992. Solidification and morphology of submarine lavas: a dependence on extrusion rate. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97 19 729-19 737.
12. GUDMUNDSSON, M. T., SIGMUNDSSON, F. & BJÖRNSSON, H. 1997. Ice-volcano interaction of the 1996 Gjálp subglacial eruption, Vatnajökull, Iceland. Nature, 389, 954-957.
13. HAMBLIN, W. K. 1994. Late Cenozoic lava dams in the western Grand Canyon. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Memoirs, 183.
14. HENDERSON, G. 1977. Features of the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Niaqornat area, Nûgssuaq. Rapp. Gronlands Geologiske Undersogelse, 79, 17-25.
15. HICKSON, C. J. 2000. Physical controls and resulting geomorphological forms of Quaternary ice-contact volcanoes in western Canada. Geomorphology, 32, 239-261.
16. HON, K., HELIKER, C. C. & KJARGAARD, J. I. 1993. The construction of pahoehoe lava deltas on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Eos, 74(3), 616.
17. JONES, J. G. 1969. Intraglacial volcanoes of the Laugarvatn region, south-west Iceland, I. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 124, 197-211.
18. JONES, J. G. 1970. Intraglacial volcanoes of the Laugarvatn region, southwest Iceland, II. Journal of Geology, 78, 127-140.
19. JONES, J. G. & MCDOUGALL, I. 1973. Geological history of Norfolk and Philip Islands, southwest Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geological Society of Australia, 20, 239-257.
20. JONES, J. G. & NELSON, P. H. H. 1970. The flow of basalt lava from air into water - its structural expression and stratigraphic significance. Geological Magazine, 107, 13-19.
21. JURADO-CICHAY, Z., ROWLAND, S. K. & WALKER, G. P. L. 1996. The formation of circular littoral cones from tube-fed pahoehoe: Manoa Loa, Hawaii. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57, 471-482.
22. KALBER, M. 1995. Volcanoscapes Four: Kilaueas's Flow to Kamoamoa! VHS video, Tropical Visions Video Incorporated, Hilo, Hawaii, USA.
23. KAUAHIKAUA, J., DENLIGER, R., FOSTER, J. & KESTHELYI, L. 1993. Lava delta instability: is it mass-wasting or is it triggered by lava flowing through tubes? Eos, 74, 616.
24. LARSEN, L. M. & PEDERSEN, A. K. 1990. Volcanic marker horizons in the Maligât Formation on Disko and Nûgssuaq, and implications for the development of the southern part of the West Greenland basin in the early Tertiary. Rapport Gronlands Geologiske Undersogelse, 148, 65-73.
25. LEMASURIER, W. E., HARWOOD, D. M. & REX, D. C. 1994. Geology of Mount Murphy Volcano: an 8-m.y. history of interaction between a rift volcano and the West Antarctic ice sheet. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 106, 265-280.
26. LESCINSKY, D. T. & FINK, J. H. 2000. Lava and ice interaction at stratovolcanoes: use of characteristic features to determine past glacial events and future volcanic hazards. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 23 711-23 726.
27. LIPMAN, P. W. & MOORE, J. G. 1996. Mauna Loa lava accumulation rates at the Hilo drill site; formation of lava deltas during a period of declining overall volcanic growth. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 11 631-11 641.
28. LOWE, D. R. 1976. Grain flow and grain flow deposits. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 46, 188-199.
29. LOWE, D. R. 1979. Sediment gravity flows: their classification and some problems of application to natural flows and deposits. Society of Economic Palaeontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication, 27, 75-82.
30. LOWE, D. R. 1982. Sediment gravity flows: II. Depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 52, 279-297.
31. MASSARI, F. & PAREA, G. C. 1988. Progradational gravel beach sequences in a moderate to high energy microtidal marine environment. Sedimentology, 35, 881-913.
32. MATHEWS, W. H. 1947. 'Tuyas', flat-topped volcanoes in northern British Columbia. American Journal of Science, 245, 560-570.
33. MATTOX, T. N. & MANGAN, M. T. 1997. Littoral hydrovolcanic explosions: a case study of lava-seawater interaction at Kilauea Volcano. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 75, 1-17.
34. MCCABE, A. M. & EYLES, N. 1988. Sedimentology of an ice-contact glaciomarine delta, Carey Valley, Northern Ireland. Sedimentary Geology, 59, 1-14.
35. MOORE, J. G. & AULT, W. V. 1965. Historic littoral cones in Hawaii. Pacific Science, 19, 3-11.
36. MOORE, J. G., CRISTOFOLINI, R. & GIUDICE, A. L. 1971. Development of pillows on the submarine extension of recent lava flows, Mount Etna, Sicily. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 750-C, 89-97.
37. MOORE, J. G., HICKSON, C. J. & CALK, L. C. 1995. Tholeiitic-alkali transition at subglacial volcanoes, Tuya region, British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 24 577-24 592.
38. MOORE, J. G., PHILLIPS, R. L., GRIGG, R. W., PETERSON, D. W. & SWANSON, D. A. 1973. Flow of lava into the sea 1969-1971, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 84, 537-546.
39. NELSON, P. H. H. 1975. The James Ross Island Volcanic Group of north-east Graham Land. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports, 54.
40. NEMEC, W. 1990. Aspects of sediment movement on steep delta slopes. In: COLELLA, A. & PRIOR, D. B. (eds) Course-grained deltas. International Association of Sedimentologists. Special Publications, 10, 29-74.
41. NEMEC, W., STEEL, R. J., GJELBERG, J., COLLINSON, J. D., PRESTHOLM, E. & ØXNEVAD, I. E. 1988. Anatomy of collapsed and re-established delta front in lower Cretaceous of eastern Spitsbergen: gravitational sliding and sedimentation processes. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 72, 454-476.
42. ORTON, G. J. & READING, H. G. 1993. Variability of deltaic processes in terms of sediment supply, with particular emphasis on grain size. Sedimentology, 40, 475-512.
43. PAPALE, P. & DOBRAN, F. 1993. Magma-water interaction in closed systems and application to lava tunnels and volcanic conduits. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 14 041-14 058.
44. PEDERSEN, A. K. & DUEHOLM, K. S. 1992. New methods for the geological analysis of Tertiary volcanic formations on Nuussuaq and Disko, central west Greenland, using multi-model photogrammetry. Rapport Gronlands Geologiske Undersogelse, 156 19-34.
45. PEDERSEN, A. K., LARSEN, L. M. & DUEHOLM, A. K. 1993. Geological section along the south coast of Nuusuaq, central west Greenland. 1: 20000 coloured geological sheet, Geological Survey of Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark.
46. PEDERSEN, A. K., LARSEN, L. M., PEDERSEN, G. K. & DUEHOLM, K. S. 1996. Filling and plugging of a marine basin by volcanic rocks: the Tunoqqu Member of the Lower Tertiary Vaigat Formation on Nuusuaq, central West Greenland. Bulletin Gronlands Geologiske Undersogelse, 171, 5-28.
47. PEDERSEN, G. K., LARSEN, L. M., PEDERSEN, A. K. & HJORTKJÆR, B. F. 1998. The syn-volcanic Naajaat lake, Paleocene of West Greenland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology, 140, 271-287.
48. PETERSON, D. W. 1976. Processes of volcanic island growth, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 84, 537-546.
49. PLANKE, S. & ALVESTAD, E. 1999. Seismic volcanostratigraphy of the extrusive breakup complexes in the Northeast Atlantic; implications from ODP/ DSDP drilling. In: LARSEN ET AL. (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. Ocean Drilling Program, Texas, 163, 3-16.
50. POREBSKI, S. J. & GRADZINSKI, R. 1990. Lava-fed Gilbert-type delta in the Polonez Cove Formation (Lower Oligocene). King George Island, West Antarctica. In: COLELLA, A. & PRIOR, D. B. (eds) Coarse-grained deltas. International Association of Sedimentologists. Special Publications, 10, 335-354.
51. POSTMA, G. 1984. Slumps and their deposits in fan delta front and slope. Geology, 12, 27-30.
52. POSTMA, G. 1990. Depositional architecture and facies of river and fan deltas: a synthesis. In: COLELLA, A. & PRIOR, D. B. (eds) Coarse-grained deltas. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publications, 10, 13-27.
53. POSTMA, G. 1995. Causes of architectural variation in deltas. In: OTI, M. N. & POSTMA, G. (eds) Geology of deltas. Balkema, Rotterdam, 3-16.
54. POSTMA, G. & ROEP, T. B. 1985. Resedimented conglomerates in the bottomsets of Gilbert-type gravel deltas. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 55, 874-885.
55. POSTMA, G., BABIC, L., ZUPANIC, J. & ROE, S. L. 1988. Delta-front failure and associated bottomset deformation in a marine, gravelly, Gilbert-type fan delta. In: NEMEC, W. & STEEL, R. J. (eds) Fan Deltas: Sedimentology and Tectonic Settings. Blackie and Son, Glasgow, 91-102.
56. POSTMA, G. & CRUICKSHANK, C. 1988. Sedimentology of a late Weichselian to Holocene terraced fan delta, Varangerfjord, northern Norway. In: NEMEC, W. & STEEL, R. J. (eds) Fan Deltas: Sedimentology and Tectonic Settings. Blackie and Son, Glasgow, 145-157.
57. PRIOR, D. B., WISEMAN, W. J. & BRYANT, W. R. 1981. Submarine chutes on the slopes of fjord deltas. Nature, 290, 326-328.
58. PRIOR, D. B. & BORNHOLD, B. D. 1989. Submarine sedimentation on a developing Holocene fan delta. Sedimentology. 36, 1053-1076.
59. PRIOR, D. B. & BORNHOLD, B. D. 1990. The underwater development of Holocene fan deltas. In: COLELLA, A. & PRIOR, D. B. (eds) Coarse-grained deltas. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publications, 10, 75-90.
60. SANSONE, F. J., RESING, J. A., TRIBBLE, G. W., SEDWICK, P. N., KELLY, K. M. & HON, K. 1991. Lava-sea water interactions at shallow-water submarine lava flows. Geophysical Research Letters. 18, 1731-1734.
61. SCHMINCKE, H. U. 1967. Flow direction in Columbia River Basalt flows and palaeocurrents of interbedded sedimentary rocks, South-Central Washington. Geologische Rundschau, 56, 992-1020.
62. SCHMINCKE, H. U., BEHNCKE, B., GRASSI, M. & RAFFI, S. 1997. Evolution of the northwestern Iblean mountains, Sicily: uplift, Pliocene/ Pleistocene sea level changes, palaeoenvironment and volcanism. Geologische Rundschau, 86, 637-669.
63. SIGVALDASON, G. E. 1968. Structure and products of subaquatic volcanoes in Iceland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 18, 1-16.
64. SKILLING, I. P. 1994. Evolution of an englacial volcano: Brown Bluff, Antarctica. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56, 573-591.
65. SMELLIE, J. L. 1999. Lithostratigraphy of Miocene-Recent, alkaline volcanic fields in the Antarctic Peninsula and eastern Ellsworth Land. Antarctic Science, 11, 362-378.
66. SMELLIE, J. L. 2001. Lithofacies architecture and construction of volcanoes erupted in englacial lakes: Icefall Nunatak, Mount Murphy, eastern Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. In: RIGGS, N. & WHITE, J. D. L. (eds), Volcaniclastic Sedimentation in Lacustrine Settings. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publications, 30, 73-98.
67. SMELLIE, J. L., PANKHURST, R. J., HOLE, M. J. & THOMSON, J. W. 1988. Age, distribution and eruptive conditions of late Cenozoic alkaline volcanism in the Antarctic Peninsula and eastern Ellsworth Land: a review. Bulletin of the British Antarctic Survey, 80, 21-49.
68. SMELLIE, J. L. & SKILLING, I. P. 1994. Products of subglacial eruptions under different ice thicknesses: two examples from Antarctica. Sedimentary Geology, 91, 115-129.
69. SMELLIE, J. L. & HOLE, M. J. 1997. Products and processes in Pliocene-Recent, subaqueous to emergent volcanism in the Antarctic Peninsula: examples of englacial Surtseyan volcano construction. Bulletin of Volcanology, 58, 628-646.
70. SMITH, J. R., MALAHOFF, A. & SHOR, A. N. 1999. Submarine geology of the Hilina Slump and morpho-structural evolution of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 94, 59-88.
71. SOHN, Y. K., KIM, S. B., HWANG, I. G., BAHK, J. J., CHOE, M. Y. & CHOUGH, S. K. 1997. Characteristics and depositional processes of large-scale gravelly Gilbert-type foresets in the Miocene Doumsan Fan Delta. Pohang Basin, SE Korea. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 67, 130-141.
72. SUMNER, J. M. 1998. Formation of clastogenic lava flows during fissure eruption and scoria cone collapse: the 1986 eruption of Izu-Oshima Volcano, Japan. Bulletin of Volcanology, 60, 195-212.
73. SWANSON, D. 1967. Yakima basalt of the Tieton River area, south-central Washington. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 78, 1077-1110.
74. SYKES, M. A. 1988. New K-Ar age determinations on the James Ross Island Volcanic Group, northeast Graham Land, Antarctica. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, 80, 51-56.
75. TRIBBLE, G. W. 1991. Underwater observations of active lava flows from Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Geology, 19, 633-636.
76. VAN DER STRAATEN, H. C. 1990. Stacked Gilbert-type deltas in the marine pull-apart basin of Abarán, late Serravallian-early Tortonian, southeastern Spain. In: COLELLA, A. & PRIOR, D. B. (eds) Coarse-grained deltas. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publications, 10, 199-222.
77. WALKER, G. P. L. 1992. Morphometric study of pillow-size spectrum among pillow lavas. Bulletin of Volcanology, 54, 459-474.
78. WERNER, R. & SCHMINCKE, H. U. 1999. Englacial versus lacustrine origin of volcanic table mountains: evidence from Iceland. Bulletin of Volcanology, 60, 335-354.
79. WÖRNER, G. & VIERECK, L. 1987. Subglacial to emergent volcanism at Shield Nunatak, Mt. Melbourne Volcanic Field, Antarctica. Polarforschung, 57, 27-41.
80. WRIGHT, L. D. 1977. Sediment transport and deposition at river mouths: a synthesis. Bulletin of Geological Society of America, 88, 857-868.