The exercise pressor reflex

Clinical Autonomic Research

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 429-439

  Kaufman, Marc P ^a   Hayes, Shawn G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Arterial pressure; Cardiac output; Dynamic contraction; Exercise pressor reflex; Heart rate; Static contraction

Indexed keywords

ARTERIAL PRESSURE; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; EXERCISE; HEART OUTPUT; HEART RATE; HUMAN; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE SPINDLE AFFERENT NERVE; MYELINATED NERVE; NERVE CONDUCTION; NONHUMAN; PRESSORECEPTOR REFLEX; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; REVIEW; SENSORY NERVE;

ANIMALS; BAROREFLEX; EXERCISE; HUMANS; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; NEURONS, AFFERENT;

EID: 0036992077     PISSN: 09599851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10286-002-0059-1     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Alam M, Smirk FH (1937) Observation in man upon a blood pressure raising reflex arising from the voluntary muscles. Journal of Physiology 89:372-383
2. Coote JH, Hilton SM, Perez-Gonzalez JF (1971) The reflex nature of the pressor response to muscular exercise. Journal of Physiology 215:789-804
3. Eldridge FL, Millhorn DE, Kiley JP, Waldrop TG (1985) Stimulation by central command of locomotion, respiration and circulation during exercise. Respiration Physiology 59:313-337
4. Eldridge FL, Millhorn DE, Waldrop TG (1981) Exercise hyperpnea and locomotion: Parallel activation from the hypothalamus. Science 211:844-846
5. Krogh A, Lindhard J (1913) The regulation of respiration and circulation during the initial stages of muscular work. Journal of Physiology 47:112-136
6. Shepherd JT, Blomquist CG, Lind AR, Mitchell JH, Saltin B (1981) Static (isometric) exercise. Circulation Research 48:I179-I188
7. Fernandes A, Galbo H, Kjaer M, Mitchell JH, Secher NH, Thomas SN (1990) Cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to dynamic exercise during epidural anesthesia in man. Journal of Physiology 420:281-293
8. Freund PR, Rowell LB, Murphy TM, Hobbs SF, Butler SH (1979) Blockade of pressor response to muscle ischemia by sensory nerve block in man. American Journal of Physiology 236:H433-H439
9. Iellamo F, Pizzinelli P, Massaro M, Raimondi G, Peruzzi G, Legramante JM (1999) Muscle metaboreflex contribution to sinus node regulation during static exercise. Circulation 100:27-32
10. Mark AL, Victor RG, Nerhed C, Wallin BG (1985) Microneurographic studies of the mechanisms of sympathetic nerve responses to static exercise in humans. Circulation Research 57:461-469
11. Lind AR, McNicol GW, Bruce RA, MacDonald HR, Donald KW (1968) The cardiovascular responses to sustained contractions of a patient with unilateral syringomyelia. Clinical Science 35:45-53
12. Corbett JL, Frankel HL, Harris PJ (1971) Cardiovascular changes associated with skeletal muscle spasm in tetraplegic man. Journal of Physiology 215:381-393
13. Hultman E, Sjoholm H (1982) Blood pressure and heart rate response to voluntary and non-voluntary static exercise in man. Acta Physiologica Scandinavia Supplement 115:499-501
14. Winchester PK, Williamson JW, Mitchell JH (2000) Cardiovascular responses to static exercise in patients with Brown-Séquard syndrome. Journal of Physiology 527:193-202
15. Gandevia SC, Killian K, McKenzie DK, Crawford M, Allen GM, Gorman RB, Hales JP (1993) Respiratory sensations, cardiovascular control, kinaesthesia and transcranial stimulation during paralysis in humans. Journal of Physiology 470:85-107
16. Freyschuss U (1970) Cardiovascular adjustments to somatomotor activation. Acta Physiologica Scandinavia Supplement 342:1-63
17. Hobbs SF, Gandevia SC (1985) Cardiovascular responses and the sense of effort during attempts to contract paralyzed muscles: Role of the spinal cord. Neuroscience Letters 57:85-90
18. Victor RG, Pryor SL, Secher NH, Mitchell JH (1989) Effects of partial neuromuscular blockade on sympathetic nerve responses to static exercise in humans. Circulation Research 65(2):468-476
19. Mitchell JH, Reeves DR, Rogers HB, Secher NH (1989) Epidural anesthesia and cardiovascular responses to static exercise in man. Journal of Physiology 417:13-24
20. McCloskey DI, Mitchell JH (1972) Reflex cardiovascular and respiratory responses originating in exercising muscle. Journal of Physiology 224:173-186
21. Perez-Gonzalez JF (1981) Factors determining the blood pressure responses to isometric exercise. Circulation Research 48:I76-I86
22. Stebbins CL, Longhurst JC (1989) Potentiation of the exercise pressor reflex by muscle ischemia. Journal of Applied Physiology 66:1046-1053
23. Mizumura K, Kumazawa T (1976) Reflex respiratory response induced by chemical stimulation of muscle afferents. Brain Research 109:402-406
24. Sato A, Sato Y, Schmidt RF (1981) Heart rate changes reflecting modifications of efferent cardiac sympathetic outflow by cutaneous and muscle afferent volleys. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 4:231-241
25. Tibes U (1977) Reflex inputs to the cardiovascular and respiratory centers from dynamically working canine muscles: Some evidence for involvement of group III or IV nerve fibers. Circulation Research 41:332-341
26. Hodgson HJF, Matthews PBC (1968) The ineffectiveness of excitation of the primary endings of the muscle spindle by vibration as a respiratory stimulate in the decerebrate cat. Journal of Physiology 194:555-563
27. Crayton SC, Mitchell JH, Payne FC, III (1981) Reflex cardiovascular response during the injection of capsaicin into skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology 240:H315-H319
28. Kaufman MP, Iwamoto GA, Longhurst JC, Mitchell JH (1982) Effects of capsaicin and bradykinin on afferent fibers with endings in skeletal muscle. Circulation Research 50:133-139
29. Waldrop TG, Rybicki KJ, Kaufman MP (1984) Chemical activation of group I and II muscle afferents has no cardiorespiratory effects. Journal of Applied Physiology 56:1223-1228
30. Petrofsky JS, Lind AR (1980) The blood pressure response during isometric exercise in fast and slow twitch skeletal muscle in the cat. Journal of Applied Physiology 44:223-230
31. Iwamoto GA, Botterman BR (1985) Peripheral factors influencing expression of pressor reflex evoked by muscular contraction. Journal of Applied Physiology 58(5):1676-1682
32. Wilson LB, Dyke CK, Parsons D, Wall PT, Pawelczyk JA, Williams RS, Mitchell JH (1995) Effect of skeletal muscle fiber type on the pressor response evoked by static contraction in rabbits. Journal of Applied Physiology 79:1744-1752
33. Matsukawa K, Wall PT, Wilson LB, Mitchell JH (1994) Reflex stimulation of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity during static muscle contraction in cats. American Journal of Physiology 267:H821-H827
34. Victor RG, Rotto DM, Pryor SL, Kaufman MP (1989) Stimulation of renal sympathetic activity by static contraction: evidence for mechanoreceptor-induced reflexes from skeletal muscle. Circulation Research 64:592-599
35. Matsukawa K, Wall PT, Wilson LB, Mitchell JH (1990) Reflex responses of renal nerve activity during isometric muscle contraction in cats. American Journal of Physiology 259:H1380-H1388
36. Hayes SG, Kaufman MP (2001) MLR stimulation and exercise pressor reflex activate different renal sympathetic fibers in decerebrate cats. Journal of Applied Physiology 92:1628-1634
37. Hill JM, Adreani CM, Kaufman MP (1996) Muscle reflex stimulates sympathetic postganglionic efferents innervating triceps surae muscles of cats. American Journal of Physiology 271:H38-H43
38. Hill JM, Kaufman MP (1998) Central command, but not muscle reflex, stimulated cutaneous sympathetic efferents of cats. American Journal of Physiology 274(43):H1552-H1559
39. McMahon SE, McWilliam PN (1992) Changes in R-R interval at the start of muscle contraction in the decerebrate cat. Journal of Physiology 447:549-562
40. Kaufman MP, Rybicki KJ, Waldrop TG, Mitchell JH (1984) Effect on arterial pressure of rhythmically contracting the hindlimb of cats. Journal of Applied Physiology 56:1265-1271
41. Iwamoto GA, Waldrop TG, Kaufman MP, Botterman BR, Rybicki KJ, Mitchell JH (1985) Pressor reflex evoked by muscular contraction: contributions by neuraxis levels. Journal of Applied Physiology 59:459-467
42. Clement DL (1976) Neurogenic influences on blood pressure and vascular tone from peripheral receptors during muscular contraction. Cardiology 61:65-68
43. Clement DL, Pelletier CL, Shepherd JT (1973) Role of muscular contraction in the reflex vascular responses to stimulation of muscle afferents in the dog. Circulation Research 33:386-392
44. Tallarida G, Baldoni F, Peruzzi G, Raimondi G, Di Nardo P, Massaro M, Visigalli G, Franconi G, Sangiorgi M (1985) Cardiorespiratory reflexes from muscles during dynamic and static exercise in the dog. Journal of Applied Physiology 58(3):844-852
45. Tallarida G, Baldoni F, Peruzzi G, Raimondi G, Massaro M, Sangiorgi M (1981) Cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes from muscles during dynamic and static exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 50:784-791
46. Legramante JM, Raimondi G, Adreani CM, Sacco S, Iellamo F, Peruzzi F, Kaufman MP (2000) Group III muscle afferents evoke the reflex depressor responses to repetitive muscle contractions in rabbits. American Journal of Physiology 278:H871-H877
47. Mitchell JH, Mierzwiak DS, Wildenthal K, Willis WDJr, Smith AM (1968) Effect on left ventricular performance of stimulation of an afferent nerve from muscle. Circulation Research 22:507-516
48. Paintal AS (1960) Functional analysis of group III afferent fibres of mammalian muscles. Journal of Physiology 152:250-270
49. Ellaway PH, Murphy PR, Tripathi A (1982) Closely coupled excitation of gamma-motoneurons by group III muscle afferents with low mechanical threshold in a cat. Journal of Physiology 331:481-498
50. Kaufman MP, Longhurst JC, Rybicki KJ, Wallach JH, Mitchell JH (1983) Effects of static muscular contraction on impulse activity of groups III and IV afferents in cats. Journal of Applied Physiology 55:105-112
51. Mense S, Stahnke M (1983) Responses in muscle afferent fibers of slow conduction velocity to contractions and ischemia in the cat. Journal of Physiology 342:383-397
52. Kumazawa TN, Mizumura K (1977) Thin-fibre receptors responding to mechanical, chemical and thermal stimulation in the skeletal muscle of the dog. Journal of Physiology 273:179-194
53. Mense S (1977) Nervous outflow from skeletal muscle following chemical noxious stimulation. Journal of Physiology 267:75-88
54. Hayward L, Wesselmann U, Rymer WZ (1991) Effects of muscle fatigue on mechanically sensitive afferents of slow conduction velocity in the cat triceps surae. Journal of Neurophysiology 65:360-370
55. Kaufman MP, Rybicki KJ, Waldrop TG, Ordway GA, Mitchell JH (1984) Effects of static and rhythmic twitch contractions on the discharge of group III and IV muscle afferents. Cardiovascular Research 18:663-668
56. Abrahams VC, Lynn B, Richmond FJR (1984) Organization and sensory properties of small myelinated fibres in the dorsal cervical rami of the cat. Journal of Physiology 347:177-187
57. Kaufman MP, Rybicki KJ (1987) Discharge properties of group III and IV muscle afferents: their responses to mechanical and metabolic stimuli. Circulation Research 61:160-165
58. Mense S, Meyer H (1988) Bradykinin-induced modulation of the response behaviour of different types of feline group III and IV muscle receptors. Journal of Physiology 398:49-63
59. Hník P, Hudlická O, Kucera J, Payne R (1969) Activation of muscle afferents by nonproprioceptive stimuli. American Journal of Physiology 217:1451-1458
60. Rybicki KJ, Waldrop TG, Kaufman MP (1985) Increasing gracilis interstitial potassium concentrations stimulates group III and IV afferents. Journal of Applied Physiology 58:936-941
61. Thimm F, Baum K (1987) Response of chemosensitive nerve fibers of group III and IV to metabolic changes in rat muscles. Pflügers Archives 410:143-152
62. Rotto DM, Kaufman MP (1988) Effects of metabolic products of muscular contraction on the discharge of group III and IV afferents. Journal of Applied Physiology 64:2306-2313
63. 2. Brain Research 744:175-178
64. Sinoway LI, Hill JM, Pickar JG, Kaufman MP (1993) Effects of contraction and lactic acid on the discharge of group III muscle afferents in cats. Journal of Neurophysiology 69:1053-1059
65. Bessou P, LaPorte Y (1958) Activation des fibres afférentes amyélinisées de petit calibre, d'origine musculaire (fibre du groupe III). Compte Rendu Société Biologie (Paris) 152:1587-1590
66. Iggo A (1961) Non-myelinated afferent fibers from mammalian skeletal muscle. Journal of Physiology 155:52-53P
67. Kaufman MP, Rybicki KJ, Waldrop TG, Ordway GA (1984) Effect of ischemia on responses of group III and IV afferents to contraction. Journal of Applied Physiology 57:644-650
68. Kniffki K-D, Mense S, Schmidt RF (1978) Responses of group IV afferent units from skeletal muscle to stretch, contraction and chemical stimuli. Experimental Brain Research 31:511-522
69. Mense S, Schmidt RF (1974) Activation of group IV afferent units from muscle by algesic agents. Brain Research 72:305-310
70. Graham R, Jammes Y, Delpierre S, Grimaud C, Roussos Ch (1986) The effects of ischemia, lactic acid and hypertonic sodium chloride on phrenic afferent discharge during spontaneous diaphragmatic contraction. Neuroscience Letters 67:257-262
71. Mense S (1981) Sensitization of group IV muscle receptors to bradykinin by 5-hydroxytryptamine and prostaglandin E-2. Brain Research 225:95-105
72. Rotto DM, Hill JM, Schultz HD, Kaufman MP (1990) Cyclooxygenase blockade attenuates the responses of group IV muscle afferents to static contraction. American Journal of Physiology 259:H745-H750
73. Rotto DM, Schultz HD, Longhurst JC, Kaufman MP (1990) Sensitization of group III muscle afferents to static contraction by products of arachidonic acid metabolism. Journal of Applied Physiology 68:861-867
74. Costa F, Biaggioni I (1994) Role of adenosine in the sympathetic activation produced by isometric exercise in human. Journal of Clinical Investigation 93:1654-1660
75. Costa F, Diedrich A, Johnson B, Sulur P, Farley G, Biaggioni I (2001) Adenosine, a metabolic trigger of the exercise pressor reflex in humans. Hypertension 37:917-922
76. MacLean DA, Saltin B, Radegran G, Sinoway L (1997) Femoral arterial injection of adenosine in humans elevates MSNA via central but not peripheral mechanisms. Journal of Applied Physiology 83:1045-1053
77. Tallarida G, Baldoni F, Peruzzi G, Brindisi F, Raimondi G, Sangiorgi M (1979) Cardiovascular and respiratory chemoreflexes from the hindlimb sensory receptors evoked by intra-arterial injection of bradykinin and other chemical agents in the rabbit. Journal of Pharmacological Experimental Therapy 208:319-329
78. Tansey KE, Botterman BR (1996) Activation of type-identified motor units during centrally evoked contractions in the cat medial gastrocnemius muscle. I. Motor unit recruitment. Journal of Neurophysiology 75:26-37
79. Tansey KE, Botterman BR (1996) Activation of type-identified motor units during centrally evoked contractions in the cat medial gastrocnemius muscle. II. Motoneuron firing-rate modulation. Journal of Neurophysiology 75:38-50
80. Adreani CM, Hill JM, Kaufman MP (1997) Responses of group III and IV muscle afferents to dynamic exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 86:1811-1817
81. Adreani CM, Kaufman MP (1998) Effect of arterial occlusion on responses of group III and IV afferents to dynamic exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 84(6):1827-1833
82. Pickar JG, Hill JM, Kaufman MP (1994) Dynamic exercise stimulates group III muscle afferents. Journal of Neurophysiology 71:753-760
83. Hayes SG, Kaufman MP (2001) Gadolinium attenuates exercise pressor reflex in cats. American Journal of Physiology 280:H2153-H2161
84. Herr M, Imadojemu V, Kunselman AR, Sinoway LI (1999) Characteristics of the muscle mechanoreflex during quadriceps contraction in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology 86:767-772
85. Middlekauff HR, Niztsche EU, Hoh CK, Hamilton MA, Fonarow GC, Hage A, Moriguchi JD (2001) Exaggerated muscle mechanoreflex control of reflex renal vasoconstriction in heart failure. Journal of Applied Physiology 90:1714-1719
86. Hollander AP, Bouman LN (1975) Cardiac acceleration in man elicited by a muscle-heart reflex. Journal of Applied Physiology 38:272-278
87. Gelsema AJ, Bouman LN, Karemaker JM (1985) Short-latency tachycardia evoked by stimulation of muscle and cutaneous afferents. American Journal of Physiology 248:R426-R433
88. Gladwell VF, Coote JH (2002) Heart rate at the onset of muscle contraction and during passive muscle stretch in humans: a role for mechanoreceptors. Journal of Physiology 540:1095-1102
89. Nòbrega ACL, Araùjo CGS (1993) Heart rate transient at the onset of active and passive dynamic exercise. Medicine Science Sports Exercise 25:37-41
90. Sheriff DD, Wyss CR, Rowell LB, Scher AM (1987) Does inadequate oxygen delivery trigger pressor response to muscle hypoperfusion during exercise? American Journal of Physiology 253:H1199-H1207
91. Sinoway L, Prophet S, Gorman I, Mosher TJ, Shenberger J, Dolecki M, Briggs R, Zelis R (1989) Muscle acidosis during static exercise is associated with calf vasoconstriction. Journal of Applied Physiology 66(1):429-436
92. Victor RG, Bertocci LA, Pryor SL, Nunnally RL (1988) Sympathetic nerve discharge is coupled to muscle cell pH during exercise in humans. Journal of Clinical Investigation 82:1301-1305
93. Ettinger S, Gray K, Whisler S, Sinoway L (1991) Dichloroacetate reduces sympathetic nerve responses to static exercise. American Journal of Physiology 261:H1653-H1658
94. Sinoway LI, Wroblewski KJ, Prophet SA, Ettinger SM, Gray KS, Whisler SK, Miller G, Moore RL (1992) Glycogen depletion-induced lactate reductions attenuate reflex responses in exercising humans. American Journal of Physiology 263:H1499-H1505
95. Pryor SL, Lewis SF, Haller RG, Bertocci LA, Victor RG (1990) Impairment of sympathetic activation during static exercise in patients with muscle phosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's Disease). Journal of Clinical Investigation 85:1444-1449
96. Vissing J, MacLean D, Vissing SF, Sander M, Saltin B, Haller RG (2001) The exercise metaboreflex is maintained in the absence of muscle acidosis: insights from muscle microdialysis in humans with McArdle's disease. Journal of Physiology 537:641-649
97. Sinoway LI, Smith MB, Enders B, Leuenberger U, Dzwonczyk T, Gray K, Whisier S, Moore RL (1994) Role of diprotonated phosphate in evoking muscle reflex responses in cats and humans. American Journal of Physiology 267:H770-H778
98. Sinoway LI, Rea RF, Mosher TJ, Smith MB, Mark AL (1992) Hydrogen ion concentration is not the sole determinant of muscle metaboreceptor responses in humans. Journal of Clinical Investigation 89:1875-1884
99. St. Croix CM, Morgan BJ, Wetter TJ, Dempsey JA (2000) Fatiguing inspiratory muscle work causes reflex sympathetic activation in humans. Journal of Physiology 529:493-504
100. Derchak PA, Sheel AW, Morgan BJ, Dempsey JA (2002) Effects of expiratory muscle work on muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Journal of Applied Physiology 92:1539-1552
101. Hill JM (2000) Discharge of group IV phrenic afferent fibers increases during diaphragmatic fatigue. Brain Research 856:240-244