Kidney infections in diabetes mellitus

Diabetologia Croatica

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 85-103

  Balachandar, Mahadeva Santhakumar ^a   Pavkoviç, Pajica ^b   Metelko, Željko ^b  

^a Univ Clin for Diabet Endocrinol ^*  (United Kingdom)

^b University of Zagreb   (Croatia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; CEPHALOSPORIN; FLUCONAZOLE; FLUCYTOSINE;

BACTERIUM; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; FUNGUS; HUMAN; KIDNEY INFECTION; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NEPHRECTOMY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; VIRUS;

EID: 0036977973     PISSN: 03510042     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (162)

1. Mogensen CE, ed. The kidney and hypertension in diabetes mellitus. Boston: Kluwer; 1988.
2. Robbins SI, Tucker AW. The causes of death in diabetes mellitus: a report of 307 autopsied cases. N Engl J Med 1944;231:868.
3. Vigg B, Rai V. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetics. J Assoc Physicians India 1977;25:57-61.
4. Chow AW, Jewesson PJ. Pharmacokinetics and safety of antimicrobial agents during pregnancy. Rev Infect Dis 1985;7:287.
5. Keane EH, Boyko EJ, Reller LB, Hamman RF. Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in subjects with NIDDM in San Luis valley of Colorado. Diabetes Care 1988;11:708-712.
6. Wheat LJ. Infection and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1980;3:187-197.
7. Kass EH. Asymptomatic infections of the urinary tract. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1956;69:56-64.
8. th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger; 1987.
9. Murphy DP, Tan JS, File TM. Infectious complications in diabetic patients. Primary Care 1981;8:695-714.
10. Textbook of medicine. Urinary tract infection. Calvin M. Kunin/Shapter 376-1980. što s ovim
11. Intravisons text book of medicine - Urinary tract infection, Marvin Turck - 1649-1655, 1983.
12. Ronald AR, Harding GKM. Complicated urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:583-592.
13. Nicolle LE. A practical guide to the management of complicated UTI. Drugs 1997;53:583-592.
14. Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B. Risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:977-985.
15. th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1994; p. 738-770.
16. Yamada K, Nonaka K. Diabetic ketoacidosis in young obese Japanese men. Diabetes Care 1996;19:671.
17. Ellenberg M. Textbook of diabetes. 1994.
18. Feldman EL, Stevens MJ, Greene DA. Clinica management of diabetic neuropathy. In: Veves A ed. Clinical management of diabetic neuropathy Totowa: Humana Press, 1998; p. 89-105.
19. Jackson E, Fowler JR. Textbook of UTI and inflammation. 1992.
20. Palsdottir A, Fossdal R, Arnason A. Heterogeneity of human C4 gene size: large intron (6.5 ketone bodies) is present in all C4A genes and some C4b genes. Immunogenetics 1987;25:299-304.
21. Leibovici L, Yehehzkelli Y, Porter A, et al. Influence of diabetes mellitus and glycaemic control on the characteristics and outcome of common infections Diabet Med 1996;13:457-463.
22. Motani A, Forster L, Tull S, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-I modulates monocyte adhesion to Eahy 926 endothelial cells. Int J Exp Pathol 1996;77:31-35.
23. th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1989.
24. th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.
25. rd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1989.
26. nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.
27. Raptis AE, Viberti G. Pathogenesis of diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2001;109 (Suppl 2):S424-S437.
28. Okada M, Takemura T, Yanagida H, Yoshioka K. Response of mesangial cells to low-density lipoprotein and angiotensin II in diabetic rats. Kidney Int 2002;61:113-124.
29. Warren JW. Catheter-associated UTI. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:609-622.
30. Patterson JE, Andriole VT. Bacterial urinary tract infections in diabetes. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:735-750.
31. Warren JW, Abrutyn E, Hebel JR, et al. Guidelines for antimicrobial treatment of uncomplicated acute bacterial cystitis and acute pyelonephritis in women. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:745-758.
32. Hostetter MK. Perspectives in diabetes: effects of hyperglycemia on CD and Candida albicans. Diabetes 1990;39:271.
33. Reed BD. Risk factors for candida vulvovaginitis. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1992;47:551-560.
34. Sobel JD, Vazquez JA. UTIs due to Candida species. In: Mobley HLT, Warren JW, eds. UTIs: Molecular pathogenesis and clinical management. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 1996; p. 119.
35. Joshi N, Caputo GM, Weitekamp MR, Karchmer AW. Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1906-1912.
36. Greifer I. Bacteriuria and urinary tract infection. 1974.
37. Hagberg L, Hull R, Hull S, et al. Contribution of adhesion to bacterial persistence in the mouse urinary tract. Infect Immun 1983;40:265.
38. Lennette EH. Manual of clinical microbiology. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1986.
39. Lipsky BA, Inui TS, Plorde JJ, et al. Is the cleancatch midstrem void procedure necessary for obtaining urine culture specimens from men? Am J Med 1984;76:257.
40. Forland H, Thomas V, Shelko A. Urinary tract infection in patient with DM. Studies on antibody coated bacteria. JAMA 1977;238:1924-1926.
41. Finegold SM, Baron EJ. Diagnostic microbiology. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1986.
42. Jackson E, Fowler JR. Urinary tract infection and inflammation. 1990.
43. Kass EH. Bacteriuria and the diagnosis of infections of the urinary tract. Arch Int Med 1957;100::709-714.
44. Vigg B, Rai V. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetic. J Assoc Physicians India 1977;25:57-61.
45. Pometta D, Rees SB, Younger D, Kass EH. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1967;276:1118-1121.
46. Lindberg U, Bergstrom AL, Carlsson E, Dahlquist G, Hermansson G, Larsson Y, Nilsson KO, Samuelsson G, Sjoblad S, Thalme B. UTI in children with type I diabetes. Acta Paediatr Scand 1985;74:85-88.
47. Schmitt JK, Fawcett CJ, Gullickson G. Asymptomatic bacteriuria and hemoglobin A1. Diabetes Care 1986;9:518-520.
48. Robbins SL, Tucker AW. The cause of death in diabetes. N Engl J Med 1944;231:865-868.
49. Barnard DM, Story RD, Root HF. Urinary tract infection in diabetic women. N Engl J Med 1953;248:136-141.
50. Taft JL, Billson VR, Nankervis A, Kincaid-Smith P, Martin FIR. A clinical - histological study of individuals with diabetes mellitus and proteinuria. Diabet Med 1990;7:215-221.
51. O'Sullivan DJ, Fitzgerald MG, Meynell MJ, Malins JM. Urinary tract infections. Br Med J 1961;1:786-788.
52. Williams DN, King H, Harris DM. The microbial flora of the vagina and its relationship to bacteriuria in diabetic and non-diabetic women. Br J Urol 1975;47:453-457.
53. Bahl AL, Chugh RN, Sharma KB. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetics attending a diabetic clinic. Indian J Med Sci 1970;24:1-6.
54. MacFarlane IA, Brown RM, Smyth RW, Burdon DW, Fitzgerald MG. Bacteraemia in diabetes. J Infect 1986;12:213-219.
55. Leibovici L, Samra Z, Konisberger H, Kalter-Leibovici O, Pitlik SD, Drucker M. Bacteraemia in adult diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1991;14:89-94.
56. Stamm WE, Martin SM, Bennett JV. Epidemiology of nosocomial infection due to gram negactive bacilli: aspects relevant to development and use of vaccines. J Infect Dis 1977;136 (Suppl): S151-S160.
57. Ellenberg M. Diabetic neuropathy: clinical aspects. Metabolism 1976;25:1627-1655.
58. Rayfield EJ, Ault MJ, Keusch GT, Brothers MJ, Nechemias C, Smith H. Infection and diabetes: the case for glucose control. Am J Med 1982;72:439-450.
59. Korzeniowski OM. Urinary tract infection in the impaired host. Med Clin North Am 1991:391-404.
60. Sawers JSA. Bacteriuria and autonomic nerve function in diabetic women. Diabetes Care 1986;9:460-464.
61. Vjelsgaard R. Studies on urinary tract infection in diabetes. II. Significant bacteriuria in relation to long-term diabetic manifestation. Acta Med Scand 1966b;179:183-188.
62. Obana Y, Shibata K, Nishino T. Adherence of Serratia marcescens in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections in diabetic mice. J Med Microbiol 1991;35:93-97.
63. Leibovici L, GreenShtain S, Cohen O, Wvsenbeek AJ. Toward improved empiric management of moderate to severe urinary tract infections. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:2481-2486.
64. Hooton TM, Stamm WE. Management of acute uncomplicated UTI in adults. Med Clin North Am 1991:339-57.
65. Turck M, Anderson KN, Petersdorf RG. Relapse and reinfection in chronic bacteriuria. N Engl J Med 1966;275:70-73.
66. Ooci BS, Chen B, Yu M. Prevalence and site of bacteriuria in diabetes mellitus. Postgrad Med J 1974;50:497-499.
67. Richet G, Mayaud C. The course of acute renal failure in pyelonephritis and other types of interstitial nephritis. Nephron 1978;22:124-127.
68. Baker LRI, Cattell WR, Fry IKF, Millinson WJW. Acute renal failure due to bacterial pyelonephritis. Q J Med 1979;48:603-612.
69. Cattell WR. Urinary tract infection and acute renal failure. In: Raine AEG, ed. Advanced renal medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992; p. 302-313.
70. Cattell WR, Greenwood RN, Baker LRI. Reversible renal failure due to interstitial infection of the kidney. In: Ishigami J, ed. Recent advances in chemotherapy. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1985; p. 225-228.
71. Parving HH, Kastrup H, Smidt UM, Andersen AR, Feidt-Rasmussen B, Sandahl-Christiansen J. Impaired autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate in type I diabetic patients with nephropathy. Diabetologia 1984;27:547-552.
72. Marks MI, Langston C, Eickhoff TC. Torulopsis glabrata - an opportunistic pathogen in man. N Engl J Med 1970;283:1131-1135.
73. Kauffman CA, Tan JS. Torulopsis glabrata renal infection. Am J Med 1974;57:217-224.
74. Mehnert B, Mehnert H. Yeasts in urine and saliva of diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Diabetes 1958;7:293-297.
75. Wise GJ, Goldberg P, Kozinn PJ. Genitourinary candidiasis: diagnosis and treatment. J Urol 1976;116:778-780.
76. Anonymous. Urinary tract candidosis. Lancet 1988;2:1000-1002.
77. Kozinn PJ, Taschdjian CL, Goldberg PK, Wise GJ, Toni EF, Seeling MS. Advances in the diagnosis of renal candidiasis. J Urol 1978;119:184-187.
78. Goldberg PK, Kozinn PJ, Nouri N, Brooks RB. Incidence and significance of candiuria. JAMA 1979;241:582-584.
79. Davies RR, Reeves DS. 5-Fluoro-cystosine and urinary candidiasis. Br Med J 1971;1:577-579.
80. Grant SM, Clissold SP. Fluconazole: a review of its phamacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapetic potential in superficial and systemic mycoses. Drugs 1990;39:877-916.
81. Francis P, Walsh TJ. Evolving role of flucytosine in immunocompromised patients; new insights into safety, pharmacokinetics, and antifungal therapy Clin Infect Dis 1992;15:1003-1018.
82. Obrant O. Perirenal abscess. Acta Chir Scand 1949;97:338-353.
83. Salvatierra O, Bucklew WB, Morrow JW. Perinephric abscess: a report of 71 cases. J Urol 1967;98:296-302.
84. Thorley JD, Jones SR, Sandford JY. Perinephric abscess. Medicine 1974;53:441-451.
85. Bevan JS, Griffith GJ, Willams JD, Gibby OM. Bilateral renal cortical abscesses in a young woman with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 1989;6:454-457.
86. Atcheson DW. Perinephric abscess with a review of 117 cases. J Urol 1941;46:201-208.
87. Edmondson HA, Martin HE, Evans N. Necrosis of renal papillae and acute pyelonephritis in diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 1947;79:148-175.
88. Robbins SL, Mallory GK, Kimsey TD. Necrotising renal papillitis: a form of acute pyelonephritis. N Engl J Med 1946;235:885-893.
89. Groop LC, Laasonen L, Edgren J. Renal papillary necrosis in subjects with IDDM. Diabetes Care 1989;12:198-202.
90. Turner FC. Necrosis of the pyramids of one kidney. Trans Pathol Soc Lond 1888;39:159-161.
91. Froboese C. Über sequestrierende Marknekrosen der Nieren bei Diabetes mellitus. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 1937;30:431-443.
92. Günther GW. Die Pepillennekrosen der Niere bei Diabetes. Munchen Med Wochenschr 1937;84:1695-1699.
93. Mandel EE. Renal medullary necrosis. Am J Med 1952;13:322-327.
94. Fry IK. Renal parenchymal disease. In: Grainger RG, Allison DJ, eds. Diagnostic radiology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1986; p. 1115-1135.
95. Mujais SK. Renal papillary necrosis in diabetes mellitus. Semin Nephrol 1984;4:40-47.
96. Lauler DP, Schreiner GE, David A. Renal medullary necrosis. Am J Med 1960;29:132-156.
97. Harkonen S, Kjellstrand CM. Exacerbation of diabetic renal failure following intravenous pyelography. Am J Med 1977;63:939-946.
98. Freidman EA. Diabetic renal disease. In: Rifkin H, Porte D Jr, eds. Diabetes mellitus. New York: Elsevier, 1990; p. 684-709.
99. Bending JJ. The kidney and renal tract. In: Tattersall RB, Gale EAM, eds. Diabetes clinical management. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston, 1990; p. 281-292.
100. Taussig AE. Pneumaturia with report of a case. Boston Med Surg J 1907;156:769-774.
101. Raciborski (1860). Exemple de pneumaturia du urine gazeuse chez une malade affecte d'une nevropathie proteiforme avec predomonance des symptomes de hypochondrie. Gaz d'Hop, Paris (cited in Kelly and MacCallum, 1898).
102. Kelly HA, MacCallum WG. Pneumaturia. JAMA 1898;31:375-380.
103. Guiard FP. Du developpment spontane de gaz dans la vessie. Ann Mal Org Genitour 1883;1:846-848.
104. Turman AE, Rutherford C. Emphysematous pyelonephritis with perinephric gas. J Urol 1971;105:165-170.
105. Zabbo A, Motie JE, Popowniak KL, Weinstein AJ. Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis. Urology 1985;25:293-296.
106. Senator H. Über Pneumaturia in Allgemeinen und bei Diabetes mellitus insbesondere. Int Beitr Wissensch Med 1883;3:317 (cited in Bailey, 1961).
107. Yang W-H, Shen N-C. Gas forming infection of the urinary tract and investigation of fermantation as a mechanism. J Urol 1990;143:960-964.
108. Huang JJ, Chen KW, Ruaan MK. Mixed acid fermantation of glucose as a mechanism of emphysematous urinary tract infection. J Urol 1991;146:148-151.
109. Schainuck LI, Fouty R, Culer RE. Emphysematous pyelonephrtitis: a new case and review of the literature. Am J Med 1968;44:234-239.
110. Subramanyam BR, Lefleur RS, Van Natta FC. Renal emphysema secondary to traumatic renal infection. Urol Radiol 1980;2:53-54.
111. Spagnola AM. Emphysematous pyelonephritis. Am J Med 1978;64:840-844.
112. Michaeli J, Mogle P, Perlberg S, Heiman S, Caine M. Emphysematous pyelonephritis. J Urol 1984;131:203-208.
113. Evanoff GV, Thompson CS, Foley R Weinman EJ. Spectrum of gas within the kidney Am J Med 1987;83:149-154.
114. Schultz EH, Klorfein EH. Emphysematous pyelonephritis. J Urol 1962;87:762-766.
115. Gillies CL, Flocks R. Spontaneous renal and perirenal emphysema. Am J Roentgenol 1941;46:173-174.
116. Kumar D, Rao BR. Case profile: bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis. Urology 1982;20:96.
117. Brenbridge ANAG, Buschi AJ, Cochrane JA, Lees RE Renal emphysema of the transplanted kidney: sonographic apperance. Am J Roentgenol 1979;132:656-658.
118. Parameswaran R, Feest T. Gas nephrogram: an unusal complication of renal transplantion. Br J Radiol 1977;50:438-440.
119. Potter JL, Sullivan BM, Flournoy JC, Gerza C. Emphysema in the renal allograft. Radiology 1985;155:51-52.
120. Klein FA, Smaith MJ, Vick CW, Schneider V. Emphysematous pyelonephritis; diagnosis and treatment. S Afr Med J 1986;79:41-46.
121. Seidenfeild SM, Lemaistre CF, Setiawan H, Munford RS. Emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Candida tropicalis. J Infect Dis 1982;146:569.
122. Langston CS, Pfister RC. Renal emphysema. A case report and reivew of the literature. Am J Roentgenol 1970;110:778-786.
123. Banks DE, Persky L, Mahoney SA. Renal emphysema. J Urol 1969;102:390-392.
124. Rosenberg JW, Quader A, Browen JS. Renal emphysema. Urology, 1973;1:237-239.
125. Soteropoulos C, Kawashima E, Gilmore JH. Cystitis and ureteritis emphysematosa. Radiology 1957;68:866-868.
126. Ohba S, Tsuchiya H, Kohno S, Hamazaki M. Ureteritis and pyelitis emphysematosa in a neonate. Pediatr Radiol 1984;14:116-117.
127. Harrow BR, Slonane JA. Ureteritis emphysematosa; spontaneous ureteral pneumatogram; renal and perirenal emphysema. J Urol 1963;89:43-48.
128. Bailey H. Cystitis emphysematosa. Am J Roentgenol 1961;86:850-862.
129. Jackson E, Fowler JR. UTI and inflammation. 1990; p. 53.
130. Cattell WR. Infections of the kidney and UT. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications, 1996; p. 25-26.
131. th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.
132. Zhanel GG, Harding GKM, Guay DRP. Asymptomatic bacteriuria: which patients should be treated? Arch Intern Med 1990;150:1389-1396.
133. Clinical pharmacology - Laurence. 286-272 / 1980.
134. Ellenberg. Genitourinary infection. Textbook of diabetes mellitus, 1994.
135. Consegenase of EDTA 2000.
136. Jackson E, Fowler JR. Urinary tract infection and inflammation. 1990, p. 48.
137. Lennette EH. Manual of clinical microbiology. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1986.
138. nd ed. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
139. Pozzilli P, Leslie RDG. Infections and diabetes: mechanisms and prospects for prevention. Diabet Med 1994;11:935-941.
140. Pendergrass M, Graybill J. Infections and diabetes mellitus. In: Current therapy of diabetes mellitus. St Louis: Mosby Year Book, Inc., 1998; p. 218-224.
141. Drug dosage in renal insufficiency, 1992.
142. Rubin UH, Shapiro ED, Andriole VT, et al. Evaluation of new antiinfective drugs for the treatment of UTI. Clin Infect Dis 1992;15:S216-S227.
143. Pickup JC. Genitourinary infection. In: Textbook of diabetes mellitus, 1997.
144. Wright AJ, Wilkowske CJ. The penicillins. Mayo Clin Proc 1987;62:806.
145. Parry ME The penicillins. Med Clin North Am 1987;71:1093.
146. th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1989; p. 328.
147. Boileau MA, Corriere JN, Liss RH. Visualization of bactericidal concentrations of nitrofurantoin macrocrystals on primate and human urinary tract tissue. J Urol 1983;130:1010.
148. Patterson JE, Andriole VT. Bacterial UTI in diabetes. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:735-750.
149. Ronald AR, Harding GKM. Complicated urinary. tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:583-592.
150. Stamm WE, Hooton TM. Management of UTI in adults. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1328-1334.
151. McMahon MM, Bistrian BR. Host defenses and susceptibility to infection in patients with diabetes mellitus. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1995;9:1-9.
152. nd ed. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Health, 1995; p. 283-291. (NIH Publications No: 95-1468)
153. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type II diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998;352:837-853.
154. Ling Z, Pipeleers DG. Prolonged exposure of human â cells to elevated glucose levels results in sustained cellular activation leading to a loss of glucose regulation. J Clin Invest 1996;98:2805-2812.
155. Davis EA, Jones TW. Hypoglycaemia in children with diabetes: incidence, counterregulation and cognitive dysfunction. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1998;11 (Suppl 1):177-182.
156. Warren JW. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:609-622.
157. Silink M. Hypoglycaemia. In: Silink M, ed. APEG handbook on childhood and adolescent diabetes: the management of insulin dependent DM (IDDM). Sydney: Australian Paediatric Endocrine Gurop, 1996.
158. Jacquemet S, Lacroix A, Perrolini M, et al. Qualitative evaluation of courses intended for patients suffering from chronic diseases. New observation method for the continuous training of the health-care team. Patient Educ Couns 1998;34:201-212.
159. Report of a WHO Working Group on therapeutic patient education. Continuing education programmes for health-care providers in the field of prevention of chronic diseases. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO-Euro; 1998.
160. Jacquemet S, Grazia-Albano M, Sudre Ph, Assal J-Ph. Educational methodologies: an analysis of chaos. Diabetologia 1997;40 (Suppl 1):A622.
161. Freudenberger HJ. La brulure interne: burn-out. Le prix eleve du succes. (burnout: the high price of success). London: Anchor Press Doubleday, 1980.
162. Mitchell P, Pipemeyer J, Glass M, Mazze R. Longterm impact of staged diabetes management (SDM) to improve metabolic control in an American Indian community (abstract). Diabetes 1998;47 (Suppl 1):A179.