Pictures of male homosexuals in the heads of Turkish college students: The effects of sex difference and social contact on stereotyping

Journal of Homosexuality

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 111-126

  Sakalli, Nuray ^a  

^a MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Attitudes; Counter stereotypic attributes; Homosexuality; Male homosexuals; Sex differences; Sex role; Social contact; Stereotypes; Stereotypic attributes

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; COLLEGE STUDENT; FEMALE; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; RATING SCALE; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEX ROLE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; TURKEY (REPUBLIC);

ATTITUDE; HOMOSEXUALITY, MALE; HUMANS; MALE; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; STEREOTYPING; STUDENTS; TURKEY;

EID: 0036976289     PISSN: 00918369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J082v43n02_07     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Aguero, J. E., Bloch, L., & Byrne, D. (1984). The relationships among sexual beliefs, attitudes, experience, and homophobia. Journal of Homosexuality, 10, 95-107.
2. Ashmore, R. D., & Del Boca, F. K. (1981). Conceptual approaches to stereotypes and stereotyping. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Cognitive Process in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior (pp. 1-35). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
3. Black, K. N., & Stevenson, M. R. (1984). The relationship of self-reported sex-role characteristics and attitudes toward homosexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 10, 83-93.
4. Brigham, J. C. (1971). Ethnic stereotypes. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 15-38.
5. Cauthen, N. R., Robinson, I. E., & Krauss, H. H. (1971). Stereotypes: A review of the literature 1926-1968. The Journal of Social Psychology, 84, 103-125.
6. Deaux, K., & Kite, M. E. (1987). Thinking about gender. In B. B. Hess & M. M. Ferree (Eds.), Analyzing gender: A Handbook of Social Science Research (pp. 92-117). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
7. Devine, P. G., & Elliot, A. L. (1995). Are racial stereotypes really fading? The Princeton trilogy revisited. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1139-1150.
8. Diehl, M., & Jones, K. (1991). Measures of national stereotypes as predictors of the latencies of inductive versus deductive stereotypic judgments. European Journal of social Psychology, 21, 317-330.
9. Ehrlich, H. J., & Rinehart, J. W. (1965). A brief report on the methodology of stereotype research. Social Forces, 43, 564-575.
10. Fiedler, K. (1990). Mood-dependent selectivity in social cognition. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 1-32). New York: Wiley.
11. Gilbert, G. M. (1951). Stereotype persistence and change among college students. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46, 245-254.
12. Herek, G. M. (1988). Heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. The Journal of Sex Research, 25, 451-477.
13. Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1988). Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. London: Routledge.
14. Jackson, L. A., & Lewandowski, D. A. (1997). Group stereotypes: Content, gender specificity and affect associated with typical group members. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12, 381-397.
15. Jones, R. S., & Ashmore, R. D. (1973). The structure of intergroup perception: Categories and dimensions in views of ethnic groups and adjectives used in stereotype research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 25, 428-438.
16. Jussim, L., Eccles, J., & Madon, S. (1996). Social perception, social stereotypes, and teacher expectations: Accuracy and the quest for the powerful self-fulfilling prophecy. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 28). San Diego, CA: Academic press.
17. Karlins, M., Coffman, T., & Walter, L. (1969). On the fading of social stereotypes: Studies in three generations of college students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 1-16.
18. Katz, D., & Braly, K. (1933). Racial stereotype of one hundred college students. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 28, 280-290.
19. Kite, M. E. (1984). Sex differences in attitudes: Toward homosexuals: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Homosexuality, 10, 69-81.
20. Kite, M. E., & Deaux, K. (1987). Gender belief systems: Homosexuality and the implicit inversion theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 11, 83-96.
21. Kippox, S., & Brigden, D. (1977). Australian stereotyping: A comparison. Australian Journal of Psychology, 29, 89-96.
22. LaMar, L., & Kite, M. (1998). Sex differences in attitudes toward gay men and lesbians: A multidimensional perspective. The Journal of Sex Research, 35, 189-196.
23. Lance, L. M. (1987). The effects of interaction with gay persons on attitudes toward homosexuality. Human Relations, 40, 329-336.
24. Madon, S. (1997). What do people believe about gay males? A study of stereotype content and strength. Sex Roles, 37(9/10), 663-685.
25. Page, S., & Yee, M. (1986). Conception of male and female homosexual stereotypes among university undergraduates. Journal of Homosexuality, 12, 109-117.
26. Price, I., & Dalecki, M. G. (1998). The social basis of homophobia: An empirical illustration. Sociological Spectrum, 18(2), 143-160.
27. Sakalli, N. (2002). The relationship between sexism and attitudes toward homosexuality in a sample of Turkish College students. Journal of Homosexuality 42(3), 51-62.
28. Sakalli, N. (1999). (The perception about the gender of homosexuals). Unpublished raw data.
29. Sakalli, N., & Ugurlu, O. (2001). Effects of social contact with homosexuals on heterosexual Turkish University students' attitudes toward homosexuality. Journal of Homosexuality 12(1), 53-62.
30. Simmons, J. L. (1965). Public stereotypes of deviants. Social Problems, 13, 223-232.
31. Staats, G. R. (1978). Stereotype content and social distance: Changing views of homosexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 4, 15-28.
32. Stangor, C., & Lange, J. E. (1994). Mental representation of social groups: Advances in understanding stereotypes and stereotyping. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 26). San Diego, CA: Academic press.
33. Stephan, W. G. (1985). Intergroup relations. In Lindzey, G. & Aronson, E. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology. 3rd edition. New York: Random House (pp. 599- 658).
34. Taylor, A. (1983). Conceptions of masculinity and femininity as a basis for stereotypes of male and female homosexuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 9, 37-53.
35. Terimler ve Anlamlar. (1997). KAOS GL, 40, 28-29.
36. Weinberger, L. E., & Millham, J. (1979). Attitudinal homophobia and support of traditional sex roles. Journal of Homosexuality, 4(3), 237-252.