Should heart failure be treated with antithrombotic drugs?

HeartDrug

Volumn 2, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 295-302

  Sosin, Michael ^a   Bhatia, Gurbir ^a   Lip, Gregory Y H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antithrombotic therapy; Heart failure; Thrombosis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DALTEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; MELAGATRAN; THROMBIN INHIBITOR; WARFARIN; XIMELAGATRAN;

ANTICOAGULATION; BLEEDING; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG USE; GENDER; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HUMAN; INTRACARDIAC THROMBOSIS; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; STROKE; SUDDEN DEATH; THROMBOEMBOLISM; THROMBOGENESIS;

EID: 0036969455     PISSN: 14229528     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000069671     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Davies M, Hobbs F, Davis R, Kenkre J, Roalfe AK, Hare R, Wosornu D, Lancashire RJ: Prevalence of left-ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure in the Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening study: A population based study. Lancet 2001;358:439-444.
2. Bonneux L, Barendregt JJ, Meeter K, Bonsel GJ, Van der Maas PJ: Estimating clinical morbidity due to ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure: The future rise of heart failure. Am J Public Health 1994;84:20-28.
3. Levy D, Larson MG, Vasan RS, et al: The progression from hypertension to congestive heart failure. JAMA 1996;275:1557-1562.
4. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. The SOLVD Investigators. N Engl J Med 1991;325:293-302.
5. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. The Digitalis Investigation Group. N Engl J Med 1997;336:525-533.
6. Gottdiener JS, McClelland RL, Marshall R, Shemanski L, Furberg CD, Kitzman DW, et al: Outcome of congestive heart failure in elderly persons: Influence of left ventricular systolic function. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:631-639.
7. Sutton GC: Epidemiological aspects of heart failure. Am Heart J 1990;120:1538-1540.
8. Davis RC, Hobbs FDR, Kenkre JE, Roalfe AK, McLeod S, Hare R, Davies MK: Quality of life in heart failure, as measured by the SF-36 health status questionnaire. Eur Heart J 1998;19(abstr suppl):639.
9. Gillum RF: Heart and stroke facts. Am Heart J 1993;126:1042-1047.
10. Manttari M, Oikarinen L, Manninen V, Viitasalo M: QT dispersion as a risk factor for sudden cardiac death and fatal myocardial infarction in a coronary risk population. Heart 1997;78:268-272.
11. Al-Khadra AS, Salem DN, Rand WM, et al: Warfarin anticoagulation and survival: A cohort analysis from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:749-753.
12. Dries DL, Domanski MJ, Waclawiw MA, Gersh BJ: Effect of antithrombotic therapy on risk of sudden coronary death in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:909-953.
13. Cleland JGF, Thygesen K, Uretsky BF, Armstrong P, Horowitz JD, Massie B, Packer M, Poole-Wilson PA, Rydén L: Cardiovascular critical event pathways for the progression of heart failure - a report from the ATLAS study. Eur Heart J 2001;22:1601-1612.
14. Cleland JGF, Erhardt L, Murray G, Hall AS, Ball SG: Effect of ramipril on morbidity and mode of death among survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Eur Heart J 1997;18:41-51.
15. Davies MJ: Anatomic features in victims of sudden cardiac death. Circulation 1992;85(suppl I):I19-I24.
16. Bowker TJ, Wood DA, Davies MJ: Sudden unexpected cardiac death: Methods and results of a national pilot survey. Int J Cardiol 1995;52:241-250.
17. Uretsky B, Armstrong PW, Cleland JGF, et al: Ischaemia as a trigger for sudden death in patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease: Results from the ATLAS trial (abstract). Circulation 1998;98(suppl I):I199.
18. Packer M: Lack of relation between ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 1992;85(suppl I):I50-I56.
19. Torp-Pedersen C, Moller M, Bloch-Yhomson PE, et al: Dofetilide in patients with congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:749-753.
20. Saxon LA: Heart failure and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy: Update and perspective on current primary prevention trials. J Card Fail 2002;8:161-166.
21. Moss A, Hall W, Cannom D, Daubert J, Higgins S, Klein H, et al: Improved survival with an implantable defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for malignant ventricular arrhythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1933-1940.
22. Buxton A, Lee K, Fisher J, Josephson M, Prystowsky E, Hafley M: A randomized study of the prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1882-1890.
23. Falk RH, Pollak A, Tandon PK, Packer M for the PROMISE Investigators: The effect of warfarin on the prevalence of stroke in patients with severe heart failure (abstract). J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:218A.
24. Atrial Fibrillation Investigators: Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Analysis of pooled data from five randomised controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:1449-1457.
25. Katz SD, Marantz PR, Biascucci L, Jondeau G, Lee K, Brenan C, LeJemtel TH: Low incidence of stroke in ambulatory patients with heart failure: A prospective study. Am Heart J 1993;126:141-146.
26. Cioffi G, Pozzoli M, Forni G, Franchini M, Opasich C, Cobelli F, Tavazzi L: Systemic thromboembolism in chronic heart failure. A prospective study in 406 patients. Eur Heart J 1996;17:1381-1389.
27. Broderisk JP, Phillips SJ, O'Fallon WM, Frye RL, Whisnant JP: Relationship of cardiac disease to stroke occurrence, recurrence and mortality. Stroke 1992;23:1250-1256.
28. Ackman ML, Harjee KS, Mansell G, Campbell JB, Teo KK, Montague TJ: Cause-specific non-cardiac mortality in patients with congestive heart failure - a contemporary Canadian audit. Clinical Quality Improvement Network (CQIN) Investigators. Can J Cardiol 1996;12:809-813.
29. Turpie AG: Thrombosis prophylaxis in the acutely ill medical patient: Insights from the prophylaxis in MEDical patients with ENOX-aparin (MEDENOX) trial. Am J Cardiol 2000;86:48M-52M.
30. Geerts WH, Heit JA, Clagett GP, Pineo GF, Colwell CW, Anderson FA Jr, Wheeler HB: Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest 2001;119:132S-175S.
31. Swedberg K for the CONSENSUS Trial Study Group: Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1987;316:1429-1435.
32. Dunkman WB, Johnson GR, Carson PE, Bhat G, Farrell L, Cohn JN: Incidence of thromboembolic events in congestive heart failure. Circulation 1993;87(suppl VI):VI94-VI101.
33. Loh E, Sutton MSJ, Wun CC, et al: Ventricular dysfunction and the risk of stroke after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997;336:310-313.
34. Dries DL, Rosenberg YD, Waclawiw MA, Domanski MJ: Ejection fraction and risk of thromboembolic events in patients with systolic dysfunction and sinus rhythm: Evidence for gender differences in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:1074-1080.
35. Atrial Fibrillation Investigators: Atrial fibrillation: Risk factors for embolization and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:1449-1457.
36. Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation. I. Clinical features of patients at risk. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Ann Intern Med 1992;116:1-5.
37. Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation. II. Echocardiographic features of patients at risk. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Ann Intern Med 1992;116:6-12.
38. Middlekauf HR, Stevenson WG, Stevenson LW: Prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in advanced heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;12:14A-19A.
39. Cregler LL: Antithrombotic therapy in left ventricular thrombosis and systemic embolism. Am Heart J 1991;123:1110-1114.
40. Cabin HS, Roberts WC: Left ventricular aneurysm, intra-aneursymal thrombus, and systemic embolus in coronary heart disease. Chest 1980;77:586-590.
41. Asinger RW, Mikell FL, Elsperger J, Hodges M: Incidence of left-ventricular thrombosis after acute transmural myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1981;305:297-302.
42. Roberts WC, Ferrans VJ: Pathologic anatomy of the cardiomyopathies. Idiopathic dilated and hypertrophic types, infiltrative types, and endomyocardial disease with and without eosinophilia. Hum Pathol 1975;6:287-342.
43. Falk RH, Foster E, Coats MH: Ventricular thrombi and thromboembolism in dilated cardiomyopathy: A prospective follow-up study. Am Heart J 1992;123:136-142.
44. Stratton JR, Resnick AD: Increased embolic risk in patients with left ventricular thrombi. Circulation 1997;75:1004-1011.
45. Maze SS, Kotler MN, Parry WR: Flow characteristics in the dilated left ventricle with thrombus. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;13:873-881.
46. Visser CA, Kan G, Meltze RS, Dunning AJ, Roelandt J: Embolic potential of left ventricular thrombus after myocardial infarction: A two-dimensional echocardiographic study of 119 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5:1276-1280.
47. Keren A, Goldberg S, Gottlieb S, Klein J, Schuger C, Medina A, Tzivoni D, Stern S: Natural history of left ventricular thrombi: Their appearance and resolution in the posthospitalization period of acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:790-800.
48. Nihoyannopoulos P, Smith GC, Maseri A, Foale RA: The natural history of left ventricular thrombus in myocardial infarction: A rationale in support of masterly inactivity. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;14:903-911.
49. Gottdiener JS, Gay JA, van Voohees L, Di-Bianco R, Fletcher RD: Frequency and embolic potential of left ventricular thrombus in dilated cardiomyopathy: Assessment by 2-dimensional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1983;52:1281-1285.
50. Stratton JR, Lighty GW Jr, Pearlman AS, Ritchie JL: Detection of left ventricular thrombus by two-dimensional echocardiography: Sensitivity, specificity, and causes of uncertainty. Circulation 1982;66:156-166.
51. Al-Khadra AS, Salem DN, Rand WM, Udelson JE, Smith JJ, Konstam MA: Antiplatelet agents and survival: A cohort analysis from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:419-425.
52. Cleland JG: Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy in heart failure. Curr Opin Cardiol 1997;12:276-287.
53. Nguyen KN, Aursnes I, Kjekshus J: Interaction between enalapril and aspirin on mortality after myocardial infarction: Subgroup analysis of the Cooperative New Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study II (CONSENSUS II). Am J Cardiol 1997;79:115-119.
54. Teo KK, Yusuf S, Pfeffer M, et al: Effects of long-term treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the presence or absence of aspirin: A systematic review. Lancet 2002;360:1037-1043.
55. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet 1996;348:1329-1339.
56. Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Tognoni G, Fox KK: Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med 2001;345:494-502.
57. Petersen P, Boysen G, Godtfredsen J, Andersen ED, Anderson B: Placebo-controlled, randomised trial of warfarin and aspirin for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in chronic atrial fibrillation: The Copenhagen AFASAK study. Lancet 1989;i:175-179.
58. Fuster V, Gersh BJ, Guilliani ER, Tajik AJ, Brandenburg RO, Frye RL: The natural history of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1981;47:525-531.
59. Kyrle PA, Korninger C, Gossinger H, Glogar D, Lechner K, Niessner H, Pabinger I: Prevention of arterial and pulmonary embolism by oral anticoagulants in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Thromb Haemost 1985;54:521-523.
60. Natterson PD, Stevenson WG, Saxon LA, Middlekauff HR, Stevenson LW: Risk of arterial embolization in 224 patients awaiting cardiac transplantation. Am Heart J 1995;129: 564-570.
61. Anderson GM, Hull E: The effect of dicumarol upon the mortality and incidence of thromboembolic complications in congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 1950;39:697-702.
62. Harvey WP, Finch CA: Dicumarol prophylaxis of thromboembolic disease in congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1950;242:208-211.
63. Griffith GC, Stragnell R, Levinson DC, Moore FJ, Ware AG: A study of the beneficial effects of anticoagulant therapy in congestive heart failure. Ann Intern Med 1952;37:867-887.
64. Lip GYH, Gibbs CR: Anticoagulation for heart failure in sinus rhythm (Cochrane Review); in: The Cochrane Library, issue 4. Oxford, Update Software, 2001.
65. Wahlander K, Lapidus L, Olsson CG, Thuresson A, Eriksson UG, Larson G, Eriksson H: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical effects of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran in acute treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Res 2002;107:93-99.
66. Eriksson BI, Bergqvist D, Kalebo P, et al: Ximelagatran and melagatran compared with dalteparin for prevention of venous thrombo-embolism after total hip or knee replacement: The METHRO II randomised trial. Lancet 2002;360:1441-1447.
67. Francis CW, Davidson BL, Berkowitz SD, et al: Ximelagatran versus warfarin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty. A randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:648-655.
68. Fitzmaurice DA, Blann AD, Lip GYH: Bleeding risks of antithrombotic therapy. BMJ 2002;325:828-831.
69. van der Meer FJ, Rosendaal FR, Vadendroucke JP, Briet E: Bleeding complications in oral anticoagulant therapy. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:1557-1562.
70. Bleeding during antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF) Investigators. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:409-416.
71. Boysen G: Bleeding complications in secondary stroke prevention by antiplatelet therapy: A benefit-risk analysis. J Intern Med 1999;24:239-245.
72. Hurlen M, Abdelnoor M, Smith P, Erikssen J, Arnesen H: Warfarin, aspirin, or both after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2002;347:969-974.
73. Gullov AL, Koefoed BG, Petersen P: Bleeding during warfarin and aspirin therapy in atrial fibrillation: The AFASAK 2 study. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:1322-1328.
74. Vaitkus PT, Barnathan ES: Embolic potential, prevention and management of mural thrombus complicating anterior myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:1004-1009.
75. Pullicino PM, Thompson JL, Martinez AL, Graham S, Barton B, Chan R, Levin B: Warfarin vs. Aspirin Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction Study (WARCEF) Ongoing Clinical Trials Session. 27th International Stroke Conference, San Antonio, 2002.