Seed bank patterns in Chesapeake Bay eelgrass (Zostera marina L.): A bay-wide perspective

Estuaries

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 1196-1204

  Harwell, Matthew C ^a,b   Orth, Robert J ^a  

^a VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE   (United States)

^b ARM Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION; HABITAT AVAILABILITY; REPRODUCTION; SEAGRASS; SEED BANK; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; WATER QUALITY;

CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED STATES;

HALOPHILA; RUPPIA; RUPPIA MARITIMA; ZOSTERA; ZOSTERA MARINA;

EID: 0036968037     PISSN: 01608347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02692216     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. BASKIN, C. C. AND J. M. BASKIN. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, New York.
2. BODNAR, JR., P. J. 1985. A field study on seed protection and sediment seed reserves in a Long Island population of Zostera marina L. M.S. Thesis, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York.
3. BRENCHLEY, J. L. AND R. J. PROBERT. 1998. Seed germination responses to some environmental factors in the seagrass Zostera capricorni from eastern Australia. Aquatic Botany 62:177-188.
4. CHAMBERS, J. C. AND J. A. MACMAHON. 1994. A day in the life of a seed: Movements and fates of seeds and their implications for natural and managed systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 25:263-292.
5. CHURCHILL, A. C. 1983. Field studies on seed germination and seedling development in Zostera marina L. Aquatic Botany 16:21-29.
6. CHURCHILL, A. C., G. NIEVES, AND A. H. BRENOWITZ. 1985. Floatation and dispersal of eelgrass seeds by gas bubbles. Estuaries 8:352-354.
7. CONACHER, C. A., I. R. POINER, J. BUTLER, S. PUN, AND D. J. TREE. 1994. Germination, storage and viability testing of seeds of Zostera capricorni Aschers. Aquatic Botany 49:47-58.
8. COTTAM, C. 1933. Disappearance of eelgrass along the Atlantic Coast. The Plant Disease Reporter 17:46.
9. DE COCK, A. W. A. M. 1981. Development of the flowering shoot of Zostera marina L. under controlled conditions in comparison to the development on two different natural habitats in the Netherlands. Aquatic Botany 10:99-113.
10. DEN HARTOG, C. 1970. The Sea-grasses of the World. North-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
11. DENNISON, W. C., R. J. ORTH, K. A. MOORE, J. C. STEVENSON, V. CARTER, S. KOLLAR, P. W. BERGSTROM, AND R. A. BATIUK. 1993. Assessing water quality with submersed aquatic vegetation. BioScience 43:86-94.
12. FENNER, M. 1995. Ecology of seed banks, p. 507-528. In J. Kigel and G. Galili (eds.). Seed Development and Germination. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
13. HARRISON, P. G. 1991. Mechanisms of seed dormancy in an annual population of Zostera marina (eelgrass) from the Netherlands. Canadian Journal of Botany 69:1972-1976.
14. HARRISON, P. G. 1993. Variations in the demography of Zostera marina and Zostera noltii on an intertidal gradient. Aquatic Botany 45:63-77.
15. HARWELL, M. C. 2000. Ecological dispersal mechanisms, reproductive ecology, and the importance of scale in Zostera marina in Chesapeake Bay. Ph.D. Dissertation, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.
16. HARWELL, M. C. AND R. J. ORTH. 1999. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) seed protection for field experiments and implications for large-scale restoration. Aquatic Botany 64:51-61.
17. HARWELL, M. C. AND R. J. ORTH. 2001. Entrainment of fragmented reproductive shoots of eelgrass by Diopatra cuprea (Bosc). Aquatic Botany 70:1-7.
18. HARWELL, M. C. AND R. J. ORTH. In press. Seed dispersal in a marine macrophyte: Colonization of habitats distant to source of populations. Ecology.
19. HOWE, H. F. AND J. SMALLWOOD. 1982. Ecology of seed dispersal. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 13:201-228.
20. INGLIS, G. J. 2000a. Disturbance-related heterogeneity in the seed banks of a marine angiosperm. Journal of Ecology 88:88-99.
21. INGLIS, G. J. 2000b. Variation in the recruitment behaviour of seagrass seeds: Implications for population dynamics and resource management. Pacific Conservation Biology 5:251-259.
22. KANTRUD, H. A. 1991. Widgeongrass (Ruppia maritima L.): A literature review. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Research 10.
23. LUCKENBACH, M. W. AND R. J. ORTH. 1999. Effects of a deposit-feeding invertebrate on the entrapment of Zostera marina L. seeds. Aquatic Botany 62:235-247.
24. MARBA, N. AND D. I. WALKER. 1999. Growth, flowering, and population dynamics of temperate western Australian seagrasses. Marine Ecology Progress Series 184:105-118.
25. MCMILLAN, C. 1988a. The seed reserve of Halophila engelmannii (Hydrocharitaceae) in Redfish Bay, Texas. Aquatic Botany 30:253-259.
26. MCMILLAN, C. 1988b. The seed reserve of Halophila decipiens Ostenfeld (Hydrocharitaceae) in Panama. Aquatic Botany 31:177-182.
27. MCMILLAN, C. 1991. The longevity of seagrass seeds. Aquatic Botany 40:195-198.
28. MOORE, K. A., R. J. ORTH, AND J. F. NOWAK. 1993. Environmental regulation of seed germination in Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) in Chesapeake Bay: Effects of light, oxygen and sediment burial. Aquatic Botany 45:79-91.
29. MOORE, K. A., D. J. WILCOX, AND R. J. ORTH. 2000. Analysis of the abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation communities. Estuaries 23:115-127.
30. NATHAN, R. AND H. C. MULLER-LANDAU. 2000. Spatial patterns of seed dispersal, their determinants and consequences for recruitment. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15:278-285.
31. ORTH, R. J. 1975. Destruction of eelgrass, Zostera marina, by the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in the Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Science 16:205-208.
32. ORTH, R. J., M. C. HARWELL, E. M. BAILEY, A. BARTHOLOMEW, J. JAWAD, A. V. LOMBANA, K. A. MOORE, J. M. RHODE, AND H. WOODS. 2000. Factors influencing the germination of seagrass seeds: A review and emerging issues. Marine Ecology Progress Series 200:277-288.
33. ORTH, R. J., M. LUCKENBACH, AND K. A. MOORE. 1994. Seed dispersal in a marine macrophyte: Implications for colonization and restoration. Ecology 75:1927-1939.
34. ORTH, R. J. AND K. A. MOORE. 1983. Chesapeake Bay: An unprecedented decline in submerged aquatic vegetation. Science 222:51-53.
35. ORTH, R. J. AND K. A. MOORE. 1984. Distribution and abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay: An historical perspective. Estuaries 7:531-540.
36. ORTH, R. J. AND K. A. MOORE. 1986. Seasonal and year-to-year variations in the growth of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Aquatic Botany 24:335-341.
37. ORTH, R. J. AND K. A. MOORE. 1988. Distribution of Zostera marina L. and Ruppia maritima L. sensu lato along depth gradients in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Aquatic Botany 32:291-305.
38. ORTH, R. J., J. F. NOWAK, G. F. ANDERSON, D. J. WILCOX, J. R. WHITING, AND L. S. NAGEY. 1995. Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1994. Final Report (Contract No. CB003909-03). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
39. ORTH, R. J., J. F. NOWAK, G. F. ANDERSON, D. J. WILCOX, J. R. WHITING, AND L. S. NAGEY. 1996. Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1995. Final Report (Contract No. Grant CB993267-01-0). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
40. PATTERSON, M. R., M. C. HARWELL, L. M. ORTH, AND R. J. ORTH. 2001. Biomechanical properties of the reproductive shoots of eelgrass. Aquatic Botany 69:27-40.
41. RICE, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
42. SILBERHORN, G. M., S. DEWING, AND P. A. MASON. 1996. Production of reproductive shoots, vegetative shoots, and seeds in populations of Ruppia maritima L. from the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. Wetlands 16:232-239.
43. SILBERHORN, G. M., R. J. ORTH, AND K. A. MOORE. 1983. Anthesis and seed production in Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) from the Chesapeake Bay. Aquatic Botany 15:133-144.
44. THOMPSON, K. 1986. Small-scale heterogeneity in the seed bank of an acidic grassland. Journal of Ecology 74:733-738.
45. WILLIAMS, S. L. AND R. J. ORTH. 1998. Genetic diversity and structure of natural and transplanted eelgrass populations in the Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries 21:118-128.
46. ZAR, J. H. 1999. Biostatistical Analysis, 4th edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.