Crossing Boundaries: Exploring and Mapping Women's Constitutional Interventions in England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland

Social Politics

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 293-342

  Dobrowolsky, Alexandra ^a,b  

^a SAINT MARY S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036955946     PISSN: 10724745     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/sp/9.2.293     Document Type: Review

References (178)

1. Albertyn, Cathi. 2001. "Have Women Made A Difference? South Africa Since 1990." Unpublished paper presented at the conference: Representation: Achieving, Sustaining and Making Effective the Representation of Women. Falmer: University of Sussex, November 16.
2. Aretxaga, Begoña. 1997. Shattering Silence: Women, Nationalism and Political Subjectivity in Northern Ireland. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
3. Arthur, Paul. 1999. "Anglo-Irish Relations and Constitutional Policy," Pp. 242-64 in Politics in Northern Ireland, ed. Paul Mitchell and Rick Wilford. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
4. Barnett, Anthony. 1997. This Time Our Constitutional Revolution. London: Vintage.
5. Bashevkin, Sylvia. 1998. Women on the Defensive: Living Through Conservative Times. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
6. _ 2000. "From Tough Times to Better Times: Feminism, Public Policy, and New Labour Politics in Britain." International Political Science Review 21, no. 4: 407-24.
7. Beetham, David and Stuart Weir. 1999. "Auditing British Democracy." Political Quarterly 70, no. 2: 128-38.
8. Bernstein, Mary. 1997. "Celebration and Suppression: The Strategic Uses of Identity by the Gay and Lesbian Movement." American Journal of Sociology 103, no. 3: 531-65.
9. Berrington, Hugh. 1987. "The Changing Party System." In Political Institutions in Britain: Development and Change, ed. Lynton J. Robins. New York: Longman.
10. _ 1998. "Britain in the Nineties: The Politics of Paradox." West European Politics 21, no. 1: 132-50.
11. Bogdanor, Vernon. 1996. Politics and the Constitution: Essays on British Government. Brookfield, Vt.: Dartmouth.
12. Bonefeld, Werner, Alice Brown, and Peter Burnham. 1995. A Major Crisis? The Politics of Economic Policy In the 1990's. Aldershot, Harts, England: Dartmouth.
13. Brazier, Rodney. 1991. Constitutional Reform. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
14. Breitenbach, Esther. 1997. Interview by author. Edinburgh, 23 February.
15. Breitenbach, Esther and Eleanor Gordon. 1992. Out of Bounds, Women in Scottish Societies. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
16. Breitenbach, Esther and Fiona Mackay. 2001. Women and Contemporary Scottish Politics. Edinburgh: Polygon.
17. Briskin, Linda and Mona Eliasson. 1999. Women's Organizing and Public Policy in Canada and Sweden. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
18. Brown, Alice. 1996. "Women and Politics in Scotland." Pp. 28-42 in Lovenduski and Norris.
19. _ 1998. "Representing Women in Scotland." Parliamentary Affairs 51, no. 3: 435-44.
20. Brown, Alice and Yvonne Galligan. 1993. "Views from the Periphery: Changing the Political Agenda for Women in the Republic of Ireland and Scotland." West European Politics 16, no. 2: 165-89.
21. Brown, Alice and David McCrone, and Lindsay Paterson. 1996. Politics and Society in Scotland. London: MacMillan.
22. Brown, Alice and Tahyna Barnett Donaghy, Fiona Mackay, Elizabeth Meehan. 2002. "Women and Constitutional Change in Scotland and Northern Ireland." Parliamentary Affairs 55, no. 1: 71-98.
23. Chancy, Paul. Forthcoming. "Increased Rights and Representation: Women and the Post-Devolution Equality Agenda in Wales." In Women, Politics and Constitutional Change. London: Palgrave.
24. Charter 88 and the Centre for Women's Studies at Kent. Feminising Politics. Kent: Charter 88.
25. Childs, Sarah. 2002. "Hitting the Target: Are Labour Women MPs 'Acting For' Women?" Parliamentary Affairs 55, no. 1: 143-53.
26. "Chronology." 1996. Fortnight. 352 (July/August): 6.
27. Cockburn, Cynthia. 1998. The Space Between Us: Negotiating Gender and National Identities in Conflict. London: Zed Books.
28. Cole, M. 1999. "Adversary Politics and Proportional Representation." The Political Quarterly 70, no. 2: 166-84.
29. Collins, Neil. 1994. "Parties and Elections: Recent Developments." Pp. 5-25 in Political Issues: Ireland Today, ed. Neil Collins. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
30. Collins, Neil and Frank McCann. 1991. Irish Politics Today. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
31. Connolly, Linda. 1997. "From Revolution to Devolution: Mapping the Contemporary Women's Movement in Ireland." Pp. 552-73 in Women and Irish Society: A Sociological Reader, ed. Anne Byrne and Madeleine Leonard. Belfast: Beyond the Pale.
32. Coote, Anna. 2001. "Feminism and the Third Way: A Call for Dialogue." In New Labour: The Progressive Future? ed. Stuart White. London: Palgrave.
33. Coote, Anna and Polly Pattullo. 1990. Power and Prejudice: Women and Politics. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.
34. Coulter, Chris. 1993. The Hidden Tradition: Feminism, Women and Nationalism in Ireland. Cork: Cork University Press.
35. Denver, David. 1998. "The Government That Could Do No Right." Pp. 15-47 in New Labour Triumphs: Britain at the Polls, ed. Anthony King. Chatham, N.J.: Chatham House.
36. Dobrowolsky, Alexandra. 1998. "Of 'Special Interest': Interest, Identity and Feminist Constitutional Activism in Canada. Canadian Journal of Political Science 31, no. 4: 707-42.
37. _ 2000. The Politics of Pragmatism: Women, Representation and Constitutionalism in Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
38. _ 2001. "Identity and Rights Reclaimed: Appreciating and Assessing Aboriginal Women's Interventions in Canada." Social Theory 6: 59-84.
39. Dobrowolsky, Alexandra and Vivien Hart. Forthcoming. Women, Politics and Constitutional Change. London: Palgrave.
40. Dunleavy, Patrick and Stuart Weir with Gita Subrahmanyam. 1995. "Public Response and Constitutional Significance." Parliamentary Affairs 48, no. 4: 602-16.
41. Edwards, Julia and Laura McAllister. 2002. "One Step Forward, Two Steps Back? Women in the Two Main Political Parties in Wales." Parliamentary Affairs 55, no. 1: 154-66.
42. Engender. 1995. Gender Audit 1995. Edinburgh: Engender.
43. _ 1996. "The Importance of the Civic Assembly in the Democratic Process in Scotland." Engender Newsletter 12, no. 2. Edinburgh: Engender.
44. _ 1998. Minutes of the Fifth Annual General Meeting. Kircaldy Town House: Engender.
45. _ Pamphlet. Edinburgh: Engender.
46. Evans, Rob and David Hencke. 1999. "Straw to Climb Down on Freedom of Information." Guardian Weekly, October 14-20, p. 11.
47. Evans, Valerie and Moira Taylor. 1999. Interview by author. London, 17 June.
48. Fawcett Society. 1995/96. Working Towards Equality. Annual Report. London: Fawcett Society.
49. _ 1997. The Best Man for the Job? The Selection of Women Parliamentary Candidates. London: Fawcett Society.
50. _ 2002. Web site available at http://www.gn.apc.org/fawcett/campaigns.html. Accessed on 21 August.
51. Fearon, Kate. 1997. Interview by author. Belfast, 25 February.
52. _ 1999a. Interview by author. Belfast, 8 June.
53. _ 1999b. Women's Work: The Story of the Northern Ireland Women's Coalition. Belfast: Blackstaff.
54. Feld, Val. 1999. Interview by author. Cardiff, June.
55. Foley, Conor with Liberty. 1995. Human Rights Human Wrongs. London: Rivers Oram Press.
56. Foley, Michael. 1999. The Politics of the British Constitution. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
57. Follett, Barbara. 1997. Interview by author. London, 4 March.
58. Forsyth, Fiona. 1997. Interview by author. Edinburgh, 28 February.
59. Gallagher, Michael. 1996. "Choose your leader?" Pp. 8-9 in Fortnight 352 (July/August): 8-9.
60. Galligan, Yvonne. 1998. Women and the Politics of Contemporary Ireland. London: Pinter
61. Galligan, Yvonne, Eilís Ward, and Rick Wilford. 1999. Contesting Politics: 'Women in Ireland North and South. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
62. Gardiner, Frances. 1999. "The Impact of EU Equality Legislation on Irish Women." Pp. 38-54 in Contesting Politics: Women in Ireland North and South, ed. Yvonne Galligan, Eilis Ward, and Rick Wilford. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
63. Gelb, Joyce. 1989. Feminism and Politics: A Comparative Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press.
64. _ 1995. "Feminist Organization Success and the Politics of Engagement." Pp. 128-34 in Feminist Organizations: Harvest of the New Women's Movement, ed. Myra Marx Ferree and Patricia Yancey Martin. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
65. Georghiou, Mary. 1993. Labour's Road to Electoral Reform: What's Wrong With First Past the Post? London: LCER.
66. Graham, Cosmo and Tony Prosser. 1988. Waiving the Rules: The Constitution Under Thatcherism. Philadelphia: Open University.
67. Haussman, Melissa H. 1992. "The Personal Is Constitutional: Feminist Struggles for Equality Rights in the United States and Canada." Pp. 108-23 in Women Transforming Politics: Worldwide Strategies for Empowerment, ed. Jill Bystydzienski. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
68. Hazell, Robert. 1999. Constitutional Futures: A History of the Next Ten Years. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
69. Heater, Derek. 1991. "Citizenship: A Remarkable Case of Sudden Interest." Parliamentary Affairs 44, no. 2: 140-56.
70. Henderson, Mary. 2000. "Scottish Women's Consultative Forum." Engender Newsletter. 23 (spring).
71. Hesse, Barnor, Dhanwant K. Rai, Christine Bennett, and Paul McGilchrist. 1992. Beneath the Surface: Racial Harassment. Aldershot, Harts, England: Avebury.
72. Hinds, Bronagh. 1997. Interview by author. Belfast, 24 February.
73. _ 1999. "Women Working for Peace in Northern Ireland." Pp. 109-29 in Contesting Politics: Women in Ireland North and South, ed. Y.Galligan, E. Ward, R. Wilford. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
74. Hobsbawm, Eric. 1996. "Identity Politics and the Left." New Left Review 217: 38-47.
75. Hobson, Barbara. 2000. "Economic Citizenship: Reflections through the European Union Policy Mirror." Pp. 84-117 in Gender and Citizenship in Transition, ed. B. Hobson. New York: Routledge.
76. Holland, Mary. 1996. "Women Emerge as New Ulster Force." The Observer, 5 May: 7.
77. Holme, Richard and Michael Elliot. 1988. 1688-1988 Time for a New Constitution? London: MacMillan.
78. Hoskyns, Catherine. 1996. Integrating Gender: Women, Law and Politics in the European Union. London: Verso.
79. Institute of Public Policy Research (IPPR). 1991. A Written Constitution for the UK. London: Marell.
80. Ingle, Stephen. 1989. The British Party System. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
81. Jowell, Jeffrey and Dawn Oliver. 2000. The Changing Constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
82. Kahn, Peggy and Elizabeth Meehan. 1992. Equal Value/Comparable Worth in the UK and the USA. New York: St. Martin's Press.
83. Katzenstein, Mary Fainsod and Carol McClurg Mueller. 1987. The Women's Movements of the United States and Western Europe. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
84. Kavanagh, Dennis. 1998. "Power in the Parties: R.T. McKenzie and After." West European Politics 21, no. 1: 28-43.
85. Kelly, Ellen. 1998. "Reaching Women in Scotland. The Scottish Parliament - The Devil's in the Detail." In Gender and Scottish Society: Polities, Policies and Participation. Report of conference sponsored by the Unit for the Study of Government in Scotland, the University of Edinburgh, 31 October, 1997.
86. King, Anthony. 1998. "Why Labour Won - At Last." Pp. 177-207 in New Labour Triumphs: Britain at the Polls, ed. Anthony King. Chatham, N.J.: Chatham House.
87. Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform. 1997. Political Report. April 1996-April 1997. London: Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform.
88. _ Votes for Women. London: Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform.
89. Labour Women's Network n.d. "Support group for Labour Women's See-kong Office." Pamphlet. London: Labour Women's Network.
90. Longrigg, Clare. 1997. "Women Feel Ignored by Parties." The Guardian, February 19.
91. Lovenduski, Joni. 1999. "Sexing Political Behaviour in Britain." Pp. 190-209 in New Agendas for Women, ed. Sylvia Walby. London: MacMillan.
92. _ 2001. "Women and Politics: Minority Representation or Critical Mass?" Parliamentary Affairs 54, no. 4: 743-58.
93. Lovenduski, Joni and Pippa Norris. 1996. Women in Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
94. Lovenduski, Joni and Vicky Randall. 1993. Contemporary Feminist Politics: Women and Power in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
95. MacAskill, Ewen. 1999. "Labour Rattled by Revolt on Welfare." Guardian Weekly, May 23, p. 10.
96. Mackay, Fiona. 1997. Interview by author. Edinburgh, 23 February.
97. Marquese, Mike. 1997. "New Labour and its Discontents." New Left Review 224:127-42.
98. Mason, David. 1995. Race and Ethnicity in Modern Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
99. McCabe, Barbara. 1997. "Forum for Whom?" Fortnight 358: 19.
100. McLean, Iain. 1998. "The Semi-detached Election: Scotland." Pp. 145-76 in New Labour Triumphs: Britain at the Polls, ed. Anthony King. Chatham, N.J.: Chatham House.
101. McWilliams, Monica. 1995. "Struggling for Peace and Justice: Reflections on Women's Activism in Northern Ireland." Journal of Women's History 6, no. 4.
102. _ 1996. "Dinosaurs Not Extinct." Fortnight 354: 9-10.
103. _ 1999. Interview by author. Belfast, 8 June.
104. Meehan, Elizabeth. M. 1985. Women's Rights at Work: Campaigns and Policy in Britain and the United States. London: MacMillan.
105. _ 1997. Interview by author. Belfast, 24 February.
106. Messina, Anthony. 1989. Race and Party Competition in Britain. New York: Oxford University Press.
107. Miller, Robert Lee, Rick Wilford, and Freda Donoghue. 1996. Women and Political Participation in Northern Ireland. Aldershot, Harts, England: Avebury.
108. Minow, Martha. 1995. "Not Only for Myself: Identity, Politics and Law." Oregon Law Review 75: 647-98.
109. Mirza, Heidi Safia. 1997. "Introduction: Mapping a Genealogy of Black British Feminism." Pp. 1-28 in Black British Feminism: A Reader, ed. Heidi Safia Mirza. London: Routledge.
110. Morrison, John. 2001. Reforming Britain: New Labour, New Constitution? London: Reuters.
111. Mount, Ferdinand. 1992. The British Constitution Now, Recovery or Decline? London: Heinemann.
112. Mulgan, Geoff. 1997. Life After Politics: New Thinking for the Twenty-First Century. London: Fontana.
113. New Suffragettes. Votes for Women. London: New Suffragettes.
114. Norris, Pippa. 1987. Politics and Sexual Equality: The Comparative Position of Women in Western Democracies. Boulder: Rienner.
115. Norris, Pippa and Joni Lovenduski. 1993. "Gender and Party Politics in Britain." Pp. 35-59 in Gender and Party Politics ed. Joni Lovenduski and Pippa Norris. London: Sage.
116. _ 1995. Political Recruitment: Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
117. Northern Ireland Women's Coalition. 1996. Newsletter, No. 1, December. Belfast: Northern Ireland Women's Coalition.
118. _ 1997. Information handout. January 7. Belfast: Northern Ireland Women's Coalition.
119. _ "Common Cause: The Story of the Northern Ireland Women's Coalition." Promotional Folder. Belfast: Northern Ireland Women's Coalition.
120. O'Connor, Julia S., Ann Shola Orloff, and Sheila Shaver. 1999. States, Markets, Families: Gender, Liberalism and Social Policy in Australia, Canada, Great Britain and the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
121. O'Doherty, Paul. 1998. "The d'Hondt and Hare/Niemayer Methods and the Northern Ireland Election of 30 May 1996." Political Studies 46, no. 2: 328-35.
122. O'Neill, Michael. 1999. "'Appointment with History': The Referenda on the Stormont Peace Agreement, May 1998." West European Politics 22, no. 1: 160-71.
123. Paul, Kathleen. 1997. Whitewashing Britain: Race and Citizenship in the Postwar Era. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
124. Peele, Gillian. 1993. "The Constitution." Pp. 19-39 in Developments in British Politics 4, ed. Patrick Dunleavy, A. Gamble, Ian Holliday and Gillian Peele. London: MacMillan.
125. Perkins, Anne. 1999. "Take Two." The Guardian, June 1.
126. Perrigo, Sarah. 1996. "Women and Change in the Labour Party 1979-95." Pp. 118-31 in Women in Politics, ed. Joni Lovenduski and Pippa Norris. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
127. Phillips, Anne. 1997. "From Inequality to Difference: A Severe Case of Displacement?" New Left Review 224: 143-53.
128. Porter, Elisabeth. 1998. "Identity, Location, Plurality: Women, Nationalism and Northern Ireland." Pp. 36-61 in Women, Ethnicity and Nationalism: The Politics of Transition, ed. Rick Wilford and Robert L. Miller. London: Routledge.
129. Power, Greg. 1997. Interview by author. London, 17 February.
130. _ 1999. Interview by author. London, 21 June.
131. Robertson, Sue. 1998. "Benefit cuts for Lone Mothers." Engender Newsletter 17 (March): 2.
132. _ 1999. Interview by author. Edinburgh, 2 June.
133. Rooney, Eilish. 1995. "Political Division, Practical Alliance: Problems for Women in Conflict." Journal of Women's History 6, no. 4/7 no. 1 (winter/spring): 40-8.
134. _ 1997. "Women in Party Politics and Local Groups: Findings in Belfast." Pp. 535-51 in Women and Irish Society: A Sociological Reader. Belfast: Beyond the Pale.
135. Roulston, Carmel. 1997. "Gender, Nation, Class: The Politics of Difference in Northern Ireland." Scottish Affairs 18: 54-68.
136. Roulston, Carmel and Celia Davies. 2000. Gender, Democracy and Inclusion in Northern Ireland. London: Palgrave.
137. Ruane, Joseph and Jennifer Todd. 1996. The Dynamics of Conflict in Northern Ireland: Power, Conflict and Emancipation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
138. Russell, Meg. 1999. Interview by author. London, 17 June.
139. Sainsbury, Diane. 1996. Gender, Equality and Welfare States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
140. Sales, Rosemary. 1997. Women Divided: Gender, Religion and Politics in Northern Ireland. London: Routledge.
141. Sawer, Marion and Jill Vickers. 2001. "Women's Constitutional Activism in Australia and Canada." Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 13: 1-36.
142. Seyd, Patrick. 1998. "Tony Blair and New Labour." Pp. 49-73 in New Labour Triumphs: Britain at the Polls, ed. Anthony King. Chatham, N.J.: Chatham House.
143. Sharrock, David. 1997. "All together now." The Guardian, 17 February.
144. Shell, Donald. 1994. "The British Constitution 1993." Parliamentary Affairs 47, no. 2: 293-309.
145. Short, Clare. 1996. "Women and the Labour Party." Pp. 19-27 in Lovenduski and Norris.
146. Smith, Nicole. 1997. Interview by author. London, 20 February.
147. Smithers, Rebecca. 1997. "Are you listening boys?" The Guardian, 19 February.
148. Southcott, Mary. 1996. "A Stake in our Democracy." The Chartist, March-April.
149. _. 1997. Interview by author. London, 19 February.
150. Squires, Judith. 1996. "Quotas for Women: Fair Representation? " Pp. 73-90 in Lovenduski and Norris.
151. Squires, Judith and David Wickham-Jones. 2002. "Mainstreaming in West-minster and Whitehall: From Labour's Ministry for Women to the Women and Equality Unit." Parliamentary Affairs 55, no. 1: 57-90.
152. Staggenborg, Suzanne. 1991. The Pro-Choice Movement: Organization and Activism in the Abortion Conflict. New York: Oxford University Press.
153. Stephenson, Mary-Ann. 1997. Interview by author. London, 4 March.
154. Stetson, Dorothy and Amy Mazur. 1995. Comparative State Feminism. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
155. Sutherland, Leslie. 1999. Interview by author. Glasgow, 1 June.
156. Swain, Ann. 1997. Interview by author. London, 4 March.
157. Tarrow, Sydney. 1989. "Struggle, Politics and Reform: Collective Action, Social Movements and Cycles of Protest." Western Societies' Paper Series no. 21. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University.
158. _ 1994. Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
159. Tindale, Stephen. 1996. The State and the Nations: The Politics of Devolution. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
160. Undisclosed. 1997. Interview by author. London, 3 March.
161. Vibert, Frank. 1991. Britain's Constitutional Future. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
162. Walker, G. 1995. Intimate Strangers: Political and Cultural Interaction Between Scotland and Ulster in Modern Times. Edinburgh: John Donald.
163. Walter, N. 1998. The New Feminism. London: Little Brown.
164. Ward, Margaret. 1983. Unmanageable Revolutionaries: Women and Irish Nationalism. London: Pluto Press.
165. Whitaker, Robin. 1998. "Northern Ireland Women's Coalition (NIWC)." Engender Newsletter 18, June. Edinburgh: Engender.
166. White, Michael. 2000. "Radicals dismayed at plans for Lords." Guardian Weekly, January 27-February 2.
167. Wilford, Rick. 1996. "Women and Politics in Northern Ireland." Pp. 43-56 in Women in Politics, ed. J. Lovenduski and P. Norris. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
168. _ 1999a. "Women's Candidacies and Electability in A Divided Society: The Northern Ireland Women's Coalition and the 1996 Forum Election." Women & Politics 20, no. 1: 73-93.
169. _ 1999b. "Women and Politics." Pp. 195-219 in Politics in Northern Ireland ed., P. Mitchell and R. Wilford. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
170. _ 1999c. "Epilogue." Pp. 285-303 in Politics in Northern Ireland, ed. P. Mitchell and R. Wilford. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
171. Wilkinson, Helen. 1997. Interview by author. London, 4 March.
172. _ 2000. "Cheerio boyo." The Guardian, January 4: 6.
173. Wilson, Robin and Paul Nolan. 1996. "No reconciliation, no receipts." Fortnight 353.
174. "Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakthrough." 1998. New Statesman, January 30.
175. Women's National Commission. 1995-1996. Annual Report. London: Women's National Commission.
176. Women's National Commission and Equal Opportunities Commission. In Pursuit of Equality: A National Agenda for Action. London: Women's National Commission and Equal Opportunities Commission.
177. Women and Equality Unit. 2002. Available at http://www.womenandequalityunit.gov.uk/about_us.htm. Accessed on 2 September.
178. Young, Lisa. 2000. Feminism and Party Politics. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.