Stroke frequencies of emperor penguins diving under sea ice

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 205, Issue 24, 2002, Pages 3769-3774

  Van Dam, R P ^a   Ponganis, P J ^a   Ponganis, K V ^a   Levenson, D H ^a   Marshall, G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO   (United States)

^b National Geographic Television   (United States)

Author keywords

Accelerometer; Aerobic dive limit; Aptenodytes forsteri; Crittercam; Dive; Emperor penguin; Stroke frequency

Indexed keywords

ICE; SEA WATER;

ANIMAL; ANTARCTICA; ARTICLE; BIRD; DIVING; ENERGY METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; STATISTICS; SWIMMING;

ANIMALS; ANTARCTIC REGIONS; BIRDS; DIVING; ENERGY METABOLISM; ICE; SEAWATER; STATISTICS; SWIMMING;

APTENODYTES FORSTERI; AVES; SPHENISCIDAE;

EID: 0036932037     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Bannasch, R. (1995). Hydrodynamics of penguins - An experimental approach. In: The Penguins (ed. P. Dann, I. Norman and P. Reilly), pp. 141-176. Sydney: Surrey Beatty & Sons.
2. Butler, P. J. and Jones, D. R. (1997). Physiology of diving of birds and mammals. Physiol. Rev. 77, 837-899.
3. Clark, B. D. and Bemis, W. (1979). Kinematics of swimming of penguins at Detroit Zoo. J. Zool., Lond. 188, 411-428.
4. Hui, C. A. (1988). Penguin swimming. I. Hydrodynamics. Physiol. Zool. 61, 333-343.
5. Kirkwood, R. and Robertson, G. (1997). Seasonal change in the foraging ecology of emperor penguins on the Mawson coast, Antarctica. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 156, 205-223.
6. Kooyman, G. L. and Kooyman, T. G. (1995). Diving behavior of emperor penguins nurturing chicks at Coulman Island, Antarctica. Condor 97, 536-549.
7. Kooyman, G. L. and Ponganis, P. J. (1994). Emperor penguin oxygen consumption, heart rate and plasma lactate levels during graded swimming excercise. J. Exp. Biol. 195, 199-209.
8. Kooyman, G. L., Ponganis, P. J., Castellini, M. A., Ponganis, E. P., Ponganis, K. V., Thorson, P. H., Eckert, S. A. and LeMaho, Y. (1992). Heart rates and swim speeds of emperor penguins diving under sea ice. J. Exp. Biol. 165, 161-180.
9. Kooyman, G. L., Schroeder, J. P., Greene, D. G. and Smith V. A. (1973). Gas exchange in penguins during simulated dives to 30 and 68 m. Am. J. Physiol. 225, 1467-1471.
10. Nowacek, D. P., Johnson, M. P., Tyack, P. L., Shorter, K. A., McLellan, W. A. and Pabst, D. A. (2001). Buoyant balaenids: The ups and downs of buoyancy in right whales. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 268, 1811-1816.
11. Ponganis, P. J., Kooyman, G. L., Starke, L. N., Kooyman, C. A. and Kooyman, T. G. (1997). Post-dive blood lactate concentrations in emperor penguins, Aptenodytes forsteri. J. Exp. Biol. 200, 1623-1626.
12. Ponganis, P. J., Kooyman, G. L., van Dam, R. P. and LeMaho, Y. (1999). Physiological responses of king penguins during simulated diving to 136 m depth. J. Exp. Biol. 202, 2819-2822.
13. Ponganis, P. J., van Dam, R. P., Marshall, G., Knower, T. and Levenson, D. H. (2000). Sub-ice foraging behavior of emperor penguins. J. Exp. Biol. 203, 3275-3278.
14. Sato, K., Naito, Y., Kato, A., Niizuma, Y., Watanuki, Y., Charrassin, J. B., Bost, C.-A. and Le Maho, Y. (2002). Buoyancy and maximal diving depth in penguins: Do they control inhaling air volume? J. Exp. Biol. 205, 1189-1197.
15. Skrovan, R. C., Williams, T. M., Berry, P. S., Moore, P. W. and Davis, R. W. (1999). The diving physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) II. Biomechanics and changes in buoyancy at depth. J. Exp. Biol. 202, 2749-2761.
16. Stephenson, R. (1994). Diving energetics in the lesser scaup, Aythya affinis. J. Exp. Biol. 190, 155-178.
17. Welhs, D. (1974). Energetic advantages of burst swimming of fish. J. Theor. Biol. 48, 215-229.
18. Williams, T. M. (2001). Intermittent swimming by mammals: A strategy for increasing energetic efficiency during diving. Amer. Zool. 41, 166-176.
19. Williams, T. M., Davis, R. W., Fuiman, L. A., Francis, J., Le Boeuf, B. J., Horning, M., Calambokidis, J. and Croll, D. A. (2000). Sink or swim: Strategies for cost-efficient diving by marine mammals. Science 288, 133-136.
20. Wilson, R. P., Grant, W. S. and Duffy, D. C. (1986). Recording devices on free-ranging marine animals: Does measurement affect foraging performance. Ecology 67, 1091-1093.