Graded arousal responses in infants: Advantages and disadvantages of a low threshold for arousal

Sleep Medicine

Volumn 3, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2002, Pages

  Thach, Bradley T ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Augmented breaths; Infantile apnea; Sleep; Sleep startle; Sudden infant death syndrome

Indexed keywords

AROUSAL; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN STEM RESPONSE; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD GROWTH; HUMAN; INFANT; MOTOR SYSTEM; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NONREM SLEEP; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFLEX; REM SLEEP; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; SLEEP; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; SURVIVAL; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT;

EID: 0036927802     PISSN: 13899457     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1389-9457(02)00162-4     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Remmers JE, deGroot WJ, Sauerland EK, Anch AM. Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusion during sleep. Appl Physiol 1978;44:931-938.
2. Hunt CE. Sudden infant death syndrome. In: Beckerman RC, Brouillette RT, Hunt CE, editors. Respiratory control in infants and children, Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1992. pp. 190-211.
3. Steriade MD, Jones EG, Llinas RR. Thalamic oscillations and signaling. New York, NY: Wiley, 1990 p. 299-306.
4. Hu B, Steriade M, Deschenes. The effects of brainstem peribrachial stimulation on reticular thalamic neurons: the blockage of spindle waves. Neuroscience 1989;31:1-12.
5. Orem J, Trotter RH. Medullary respiratory neuronal activity during augmented breaths in intact unanaesthetized cats. J Appl Physiol 1993;74:761-769.
6. Lijowska AS, Reed NW, Mertins Chiodini BA, Thach BT. Sequential arousal and airway defensive behavior of infants in asphyxial sleep environments. J Appl Physiol 1997;83:219-228.
7. McNamara F, Wulbrand H, Thach BT. Infant arousal, habituation and effect of sleep state. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:A775.
8. Wulbrand H, McNamara F, Thach BT. Occurrence of arousal related reflexes, sigh, startle during airway occlusion in infants. Am. J Respir Crit Med 1997;155:A13.
9. McNamara F, Lijowska A, Thach BT. Spontaneous arousal activity in infants during REM and NREM sleep. J Physiol 2002;538(1):263-269.
10. Wulbrand H, McNamara F, Thach BT. Suppression of sigma spindle electroencephalographic activity as a measure of transient arousal after spontaneous and occlusion-evoked sighs and startles. Pediatr Res 1998;44:767-773.
11. McNamara F, Wulbrand H, Thach BT. Characteristics of the infant arousal response. J Appl Physiol 1998;85:2314-2321.
12. Thach BT, Lijowska A. Arousal in infants. Sleep 1996;19:S271-S273.
13. Guilleminault C, Rosekind M. The arousal threshold: sleep deprivation, sleep fragmentation and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1981;17:341-349.
14. Patchev V, Felszeghy K, Koranyi L. Neuroendocrine and neurochemical consequences of long-term sleep deprivation in rates: similarities to some features of depression. Hemostasis 1991;33:97-109.
15. Dahl RE. The impact of inadequate sleep on children's daytime cognitive function. Semin Pediatr Neurol 1996;3(1):44-50.
16. Levental M, Susic V, Rusie M, Rakic L. Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation: effect on acid mucopolysaccharides in rat brain. Arch Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochemie 1975;83:221-232.
17. Mirmiran M, Scholtens J, van de Poll NE, et a]. Effects of experimental suppression of active (REM) sleep during early development upon adult brain and behavior in the rat. Brain Res 1983;283:277-286.
18. Sullivan CE, Murphy E, Kozar LF, Phillipson EA. Waking and ventilatory responses to laryngeal stimulation in sleeping dogs. J Appl Physiol; Respir Envion Exerc Physiol 1978;45:681-689.
19. Wulbrand H, Von Zezchwitz G, Bentele KH. Submental and diaphragmatic muscle activity during and at resolution of mixed and obstructive apneas and cardiorespiratory arousal in preterm infants. Pediatr Res 1995;38:298-305.
20. McNamara F, Issa FG, Sullivan CE. Arousal pattern following central and obstructive breathing abnormalities in infants and children. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:2651-2657.
21. Davies AM, Koenig JS, Thach BT. Characteristics of upper airway chemoreflex prolonged apnea in human infants. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139:668-673.
22. Thach BT. Apnea and the sudden infant death syndrome. In: Saunders NA, Sullivan C, editors. Sleeping and breathing, Biology of the lung series, C. LenfantNew York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 1994.
23. Kahn A, Grosswater J, Sottiaux M, et al. Prone or supine body position and sleep characteristics in infants. Pediatrics 1993;91(6):1112-1115.
24. Lipton EL, Steinschneide A, Richmond JB. Swaddling, a child care practice: historical, cultural, and experimental observations. Pediatrics, Part II 1965:521-567.
25. Brackhill Y, Douthitt TC, West H. Neonatal posture: psychophysiological effects. Neuropediatrie 1973;4(2):145-150.
26. Gerard CM, Harris KA, Thach BT. Spontaneous arousals in supine infants while swaddled and unswaddled during rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and quiet sleep (QS). Pediatrics (in press).
27. Sherrington C. The integrative action of the nervous system. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1947.
28. Wilson CA, Taylor BJ, Laing RM, et al. Clothing and bedding and its relevance to sudden infant death syndrome: further results from the New Zealand cot study. J Pediatr Child Health 1994;30:506-512.
29. Ponsonby A, Dwyer T, Gibbons LE, et al. Factors potentiating the high risk of sudden infant death syndrome associated with the prone position. N Engl J Med 1993;329(6):377-382.
30. Horne RSC, Ferens D, Watts A, et al. The prone sleeping position impairs arousability in healthy term infants. J Pediatr 2001;138:811-816.
31. Galland B, Bolton D, Taylor B, et al. Ventilatory sensitivity to mild asphyxia: prone versus supine sleep position. Arch Dis Child 2000;83: 423-428.