Research to estimate and manage carrying capacity of a tourist attraction: A study of Alcatraz Island

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

Volumn 10, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 388-404

  Manning, Robert ^a   Wang, Benjamin ^a   Valliere, William ^a   Lawson, Steven ^a   Newman, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARRYING CAPACITY; ESTIMATION METHOD; TOURISM MANAGEMENT; TOURIST ATTRACTION;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 0036925181     PISSN: 09669582     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09669580208667175     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Alldredge, R. (1973) Some capacity theory for parks and recreation areas. Trends 10, 20-9.
2. Becker, R., Jubenville, and Burnett, G. (1984) Fact and judgement in the search for a social carrying capacity. Leisure Sciences 6: 475-86.
3. Dasmann, R. (1964) Wildlife Biology. New York: John Wiley.
4. Frissell, S. and Stankey, G. (1972) Wilderness environmental quality: Search for social and ecological harmony. Proceedings of the Society of American Foresters Annual Conference (pp. 170-83). Hot Springs, AR: Society of American Foresters.
5. Graefe, A., Vaske, J. and Kuss, F. (1984) Social carrying capacity: An integration and synthesis of twenty years of research. Leisure Sciences 6, 395-431.
6. Graefe, A., Kuss, F. and Vaske, J. (1990). Visitor Impact Management: The Planning Framework. Washington, DC: National Parks and Conservation Association.
7. Hammitt, W. and Cole, D. (1998) Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management. New York: John Wiley.
8. Heberlein, T., Alfano, G. and Ervin, L. (1986) Using a social carrying capacity model to estimate the effects of marina development at the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. Leisure Sciences 8, 257-74.
9. Kuss, F., Graefe, A. and Vaske, J. (1990) Visitor Impact Management: A Review of Research. Washington, DC: National Parks and Conservation Association.
10. Lawson, S. and Manning, R. (2001). Solitude versus access: A study of tradeoffs in outdoor recreation using indifference curve analysis. Leisure Sciences 23, 1-13.
11. Lawson, S. and Manning, R. (2002) Using simulation modeling to facilitate proactive monitoring and adaptive management of social carrying capacity at Arches National Park, Utah, USA. Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas (pp. 205-10). Vienna, Austria: Bodenculture University.
12. Lewis, M., Lime, D. and Anderson, P. (1996) Paddle canoeists encounter norms in Minnesota's Boundary Waters Canoe Area wilderness. Leisure Sciences 18, 143-60.
13. Lime, D. (1970) Research for determining use capacities of the Boundary Waters Canal Area. Naturalist 21 (4), 9-13.
14. Lime, D. and Stankey, G. (1971) Carrying capacity: Maintaining outdoor recreation quality. Recreation Symposium Proceedings (pp. 174-84). USDA Forest Service.
15. Manning, R. and Potter, F. (1984) Computer simulation as a tool in teaching park and wilderness management. Journal of Environmental Education 15, 3-9.
16. Manning, R. (1985) Crowding norms in backcountry settings: A review and synthesis. Journal of Leisure Research 17, 75-89.
17. Manning, R., Lime, D., Freimund, W. and Pitt, D. (1996a) Crowding norms at frontcountry sites: A visual approach to setting standards of quality. Leisure Sciences 18, 39-59.
18. Manning, R., Lime, D. and Hof, M. (1996b) Social carrying capacity of natural areas: Theory and application in the US National Parks. Natural Areas Journal 16, 118-27.
19. Manning, R. (1997) Social carrying capacity of parks and outdoor recreation areas. Parks and Recreation 32, 32-8.
20. Manning, R. (1998) 'To provide for the enjoyment': Recreation management in the National Parks. George Wright Forum 15, 6-20.
21. Manning, R., Jacobi, C., Valliere, W. and Wang, B. (1998) Standards of quality in parks and recreation. Parks and Recreation 33, 88-94.
22. Manning, R. (1999) Studies in Outdoor Recreation. Corvallis: Oregon State University.
23. Manning, R., Valliere, W., Wang, B. and Jacobi, C. (1999a) Crowding norms: Alternative measurement approaches. Leisure Sciences 21, 97-115.
24. Manning, R., Valliere, W., Wang, B., Lawson, S. and Treadwell, J. (1999b) Research to Support Visitor Management at Statue of Liberty/Ellis Island National Monuments. University of Vermont Park Studies Laboratory.
25. Manning, R. (2001) Visitor experience and resource protection: A framework for managing the carrying capacity of National Parks. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 19 (1), 93-108.
26. Manning, R., Budruk, M., Valliere, W., Lawson, S. and Laven, D. (2001) Research to Support Carrying Capacity Analysis at Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. University of Vermont Park Studies Laboratory.
27. McCool, S. and Lime, D. (2001) Tourism carrying capacity: Tempting fantasy or useful reality? Journal of Sustainable Tourism 9 (5), 372-88.
28. Mitchell, J. (1994) Our National Parks. National Geographic 186 (4), 1-55.
29. National Park Service (1997) VERP: The Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) Framework - A Handbook for Planners and Managers. Denver, CO: Denver Service Center.
30. Potter, F. and Manning, R. (1984) Application of the wilderness travel simulation model to the Appalachian Trail in Vermont. Environmental Management 8, 543-50.
31. Roggenbuck, J., Williams, D., Bange, S. and Dean, D. (1991) River float trip encounter norms: Questioning the use of the social norms concept. Journal of Leisure Research 23, 133-53.
32. Schechter, M. and Lucas, R. (1978) Simulation of Recreational Use for Park and Wilderness Management. Baltimore: John Hopkins University.
33. Shelby, B. and Heberlein, T. (1984) A conceptual framework for carrying capacity determination. Leisure Sciences 6, 433-51.
34. Shelby, B. and Heberlein, T. (1986) Carrying Capacity in Recreation Settings. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University.
35. Shelby, B. and Vaske, J. (1991) Using normative data to develop evaluative standards for resource management: A comment on three recent papers. Journal of Leisure Research 23, 173-87.
36. Smith, V. and Krutilla, J. (1976) Structure and Properties of a Wilderness Travel Simulator. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press for Resources for the Future.
37. Stankey, G. and Lime, D. (1973) Recreational Carrying Capacity: An Annotated Bibliography. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-3.
38. Stankey, G., Cole, D., Lucas, R., Peterson, M., Frissell, S. and Washburne, R. (1985) The Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) System for Wilderness Planning. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-176.
39. Stankey, G. and Manning, R. (1986) Carrying capacity of recreation settings. A Literature Review: The President's Commission on Americans Outdoors. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, M-47-M-57.
40. Vaske, J., Graefe, A., Shelby, B., and Heberlein, T. (1986) Backcountry encounter norms: Theory, method and empirical evidence. Journal of Leisure Research 18, 137-53.
41. Wagar, J.A. (1964) The Carrying Capacity of Wild Lands for Recreation. Forest Science Monograph 7. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters.
42. Wang, B, Manning, R., Lawson, S. and Valliere, W. (2001) Estimating social carrying capacity through computer simulation modeling: An application to Arches National Park, Utah. Proceedings of the 2000 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium (pp. 193-200). USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-270.
43. Wang, B. and Manning, R. (1999) Computer simulation modeling for recreation management: A study on carriage road use in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA. Environmental Management 23, 193-203.
44. Whittaker, D., and Shelby, B. (1988) Types of norms for recreation impact: Extending the social norms concept. Journal of Leisure Research 20, 261-73.
45. Wilkinson, T. (1995) Crowd control. National Parks 69 (7-8), 36-41.