Numerical simulations of spiral-shaped inclusion trails: Can 3D geometry distinguish between end-member models of spiral formation?

Journal of Metamorphic Geology

Volumn 20, Issue 9, 2002, Pages 801-812

  Stallard, A ^a   Ikei, H ^a   Masuda, T ^a  

^a SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Numerical simulation; Porphyroblast; Spiral inclusion trails

Indexed keywords

GARNET; GEOMETRY; INCLUSION; NUMERICAL METHOD; PORPHYROBLAST; ROTATION; SIMULATION;

EID: 0036902611     PISSN: 02634929     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1314.2002.00407.x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Bell, T. H., 1985. Deformation partitioning and porphyroblast rotation in metamorphic rocks: a radical reinterpretation. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 3, 109-118.
2. Bell, T. H., Forde, A. & Hayward, N., 1992a. Do smoothly curving, spiral-shaped inclusion trails signify porphyroblast rotation? Geology, 20, 59-62.
3. Bell, T. H., Hickey, K. A. & Upton, G. J. G., 1998. Distinguishing and correlating multiple phases of metamorphism across a multiply deformed region using the axes of spiral, staircase and sigmoidally curved inclusion trails in garnet. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 16, 767-794.
4. Bell, T. H. & Johnson, S. E., 1989. Porphyroblast inclusion trails: the key to orogenesis. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 7, 279-310.
5. Bell, T. H. & Johnson, S. E., 1992. Shear sense: a new approach that resolves problems between criteria in metamorphic rocks. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 10, 1-26.
6. Bell, T. H., Johnson, S. E., Davis, B., Forde, A., Hayward, N. & Wilkins, C., 1992b. Porphyroblast inclusion-trail orientation data: eppure non son girate! Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 10, 295-307.
7. Biermeier, C., Stuwe, K. & Barr, T., 2001. The rotation rate of cylindrical objects during simple shear. Journal of Structural Geology, 23, 765-776.
8. Bjornerud, M. G. & Zhang, H., 1994. Rotation of porphyroblasts in non-coaxial deformation: insights from computer simulations. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 12, 135-139.
9. Busa, M. D. & Gray, N. H., 1992. Rotated staurolite porphyroblasts in the Littleton Schist at Bolton, Connecticut. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 10, 627-636.
10. Forde, A. & Bell, T. H., 1993. The rotation of garnet porphyroblasts around a single fold, Lukmanier Pass, Central Alps: Discussion and reply. Journal of Structural Geology, 15, 1365-1372.
11. Gray, N. H. & Busa, M. D., 1994. The three-dimensional geometry of simulated porphyroblast inclusion trails: inertmarker, viscous-flow models. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 12, 575-587.
12. Hickey, K. A. & Bell, T. H., 1999. Behaviour of rigid objects during deformation and metamorphism: a test using schists from the Bolton syncline, Connecticut, USA. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 17, 211-228.
13. Jiang, D., 2001. Reading history of folding from porphyroblasts. Journal of Structural Geology, 23, 1327-1335.
14. Johnson, S. E., 1990. Lack of porphyroblast rotation in the Otago Schists, New Zealand: implications for crenulation cleavage development, folding and deformation partitioning. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 8, 13-30.
15. Johnson, S. E., 1993a. Unravelling the spirals: a serial thin-section study and three-dimensional computer-aided reconstruction of spiral-shaped inclusion trails in garnet porphyroblasts. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 11, 621-634.
16. Johnson, S. E., 1993b. Testing models for the development of spiral-shaped inclusion trails in garnet porphyroblasts: to rotate or not to rotate, that is the question. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 11, 635-659.
17. Johnson, S. E., 1999. Porphyroblasts microstructures: a review of current and future trends. American Mineralogist, 84, 1711-1726.
18. Johnson, S. E. & Bell, T. H., 1996. How useful are 'millipede' and other similar porphyroblast microstructures for determining synmetamorphic deformation histories? Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 14, 15-28.
19. Kraus, J. & Williams, P. F., 2001. A new spin on 'non-rotating' porphyroblasts: implications of cleavage refraction and reference frames. Journal of Structural Geology, 23, 963-971.
20. Mandal, N., Samanta, S. K. & Chakraborty, C., 2001. Numerical modelling of heterogeneous flow fields around rigid objects with special reference to particle paths, strain shadows and foliation drag. Tectonophysics, 330, 177-194.
21. Mares, V., 1998. Structural development of the Soldiers Cap Group in the Eastern Fold belt of the Mt Isa Inlier: a succession of horizontal and vertical deformation events and large-scale shearing. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 45, 373-387.
22. Masuda, T. & Ando, S., 1988. Viscous flow around a rigid spherical body: a hydrodynamical approach. Tectonophysics, 148, 337-346.
23. Masuda, T. & Mochizuki, S., 1989. Development of snowmall structure: numerical simulation of inclusion trails during synkinematic porphyroblast growth in metamorphic rocks. Tectonophysics, 170, 141-150.
24. Passchier, C. W., ten Brink, C. E., Bons, P. & Sokoutis, D., 1993. Delta-objects as a guage for stress sensitivity of strain rate in mylonites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 120, 239-245.
25. Passchier, C. W. & Trouw, R. A. J., 1996. Microtectonics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
26. Passchier, C. W., Trouw, R. A. J., Zwart, H. J. & Vissers, R. L. M., 1992. Porphyroblast rotation: eppur si muove? Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 10, 283-294.
27. Pennacchioni, G., Fasolo, L., Cecci, M. M. & Salasnich, L., 2000. Finite-element modelling of simple shear flow in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids around a circular rigid particle. Journal of Structural Geology, 22, 683-692.
28. Powell, D. & Treagus, J. E., 1967. On the geometry of S-shaped inclusion trails in garnet porphyroblasts. Mineralogical Magazine, 36, 453-456.
29. Powell, D. & Treagus, J. E., 1970. Rotational fabrics in metamorphic minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 37, 801-813.
30. Ramsay, J. G., 1962. The geometry and mechanics of formation of 'similar' type folds. Journal of Geology, 70, 309-327.
31. Rosenfeld, J. L., 1970. Rotated garnets in metamorphic rocks. Geological society of America Special Paper, 129.
32. Samanta, S. K., Mandal, N. & Chakraborty, C., 2002. Flow patterns around rigid inclusions in a multiple inclusion system undergoing bulk simple shear deformation. Journal of Structural Geology, in press.
33. Schoneveld, C., 1977. A study of some typical inclusion patterns in strongly paracrystalline-rotated garnets. Tectonophysics, 39, 453-471.
34. Schoneveld, C., 1978. Syntectonic growth of garnets: discussion of a new model proposed by M.J. de Wit. Geological Journal, 13, 37-46.
35. Schoneveld, C., 1979. The geometry and significance of inclusion patterns in syntectonic porphyroblasts. PhD Thesis, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
36. Spry, A., 1963. The origin and significance of snowball structures in garnet. Journal of Petrology, 4, 211-222.
37. Stallard, A. R., 1998. Episodic porphyroblast growth in the Fleur de Lys Supergroup. Newfoundland: timing relative to the sequential development of multiple crenulation cleavages. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 16, 711-728.
38. Stallard, A. R. & Hickey, K. H., 2001a. Shear zone vs. folding origin for spiral inclusions in the Canton Schist. Journal of Structural Geology, 23, 1845-1864.
39. Stallard, A. R. & Hickey, K. H., 2001b. Fold mechanisms in the Canton Schist: constraints on the contribution of flexural flow. Journal of Structural Geology, 23, 1865-1881.
40. Treagus, J. E., 1987. The structural evolution of the Dalradian of the Central Highlands of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 78, 1-15.
41. Visser, P. & Mancktelow, N. S., 1992. The rotation of garnet porphyroblasts around a single fold, Lukmanier Pass, Central Alps. Journal of Structural Geology, 14, 1193-1202.
42. Williams, P. F. & Jiang, D., 1999. Rotating garnets. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 17, 367-378.
43. Williams, M. L., Scheltema, K. E. & Jercinovic, M. J., 2001. High-resolution compositional mapping of matrix phases: implications for mass transfer during crenulation cleavage development in the Moretown Formation, western Massachusetts. Journal of Structural Geology, 23, 923-939.