Effect of exercise, heat stress, and hydration on immune cell number and function

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 34, Issue 12, 2002, Pages 1941-1950

  Mitchell, Joel B ^a   Dugas, Jonathan P ^a   McFarlin, Brian K ^a   Nelson, Matthew J ^a  

^a TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cortisol; Lymphocytes; Natural killer cell activity; Neutrophils

Indexed keywords

CHROMIUM; HYDROCORTISONE; SUPEROXIDE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOASSAY; BLOOD SAMPLING; CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; CELL COUNT; CELL FUNCTION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEHYDRATION; ELECTROLYTE INTAKE; ENVIRONMENT; ERGOMETER; EXERCISE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HEAT STRESS; HUMAN; HYDRATION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LABORATORY AUTOMATION; LEUKOCYTE; LYMPHOCYTE; MALE; MITOGENESIS; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NEUTROPHIL; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SWEATING; TRAINING;

EID: 0036897672     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200212000-00013     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Baron, G. C., N. G. Klimas, M. A. Fischl, and M. A. Fletcher. Decreased natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity per effector cell in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Diagn. Immun. 3:197-204, 1985.
2. Berk, L. S., D. C. Nieman, W. S. Youngberg, et al. The effect of long distance running on natural killer cells in marathoners. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 22:207-212, 1990.
3. Braun, W. A., M. G. Flynn, D. E. Jacks, et al. Indomethacin does not influence natural cell-mediated cytotoxic response to endurance exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 87:2237-2243, 1999.
4. Brenner, I. K. M., P. N. Shek, and R. J. Shephard. Heat exposure and immune function: Potential contribution to the exercise response. Exerc. Immun. Rev. 1:49-80, 1995.
5. Brenner, I. K. M., P. N. Shek, and R. J. Shephard. Stress hormones and the immunological responses to heat and exercise. Int. J. Sports Med. 19:130-143, 1998.
6. Cross, M. C., M. W. Radomski, J. W. P. Vanhelder, S. G. Rhind, and R. J. Shephard. Endurance exercise with and without a thermal clamp: Effects on leukocytes and leukocyte subsets. J. Appl. Physiol. 81:822-829, 1996.
7. Downing, J. F., H. Martinez-Valdez, R. S. Elizondo, E. B. Walker, and M. W. Taylor. Hyperthermia in humans enhances interferon-γ synthesis and alters the peripheral lymphocyte population. J. Interferon Res. 8:143-150, 1988.
8. Fletcher, M. A., G. C. Baron, M. R. Ashman, M. A. Fischi, and N. G. Klimas. Use of whole blood methods in assessment of immune parameters in immunodeficiency states. Diag. Clin. Immunol. 5:69-81, 1987.
9. Foster, N. K., J. B. Martyn, R. E. Rangno, J. C. Hogg, and R. L. Pardy. Leukocytosis of exercise: Role of cardiac output and catecholamines. J. Appl. Physiol. 61:2218-2223, 1986.
10. Francesconi, R. P., M. N. Sawka, K. B. Pandolf, R. W. Hubbard, A. J. Young, and S. Muza. Plasma hormonal responses at graded hypohydration levels during exercise-heat stress. J. Appl. Physiol. 59:1855-1860, 1985.
11. Gabriel, H., A. Urhausen, and W. Kindermann. Circulating leucocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations before and after intense exercise to exhaustion. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 63:449-457, 1991.
12. Gabriel, H., L. Schwarz, G. Steffens, and W. Kindermann. Immunoregulatory hormones, circulating leucocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations before and after endurance exercise of different intensities. Int. J. Sports Med. 13:359-366, 1992.
13. Hinton, J. R., D. G. Rowbottom, D. Keast, and A. R. Morton. Acute intensive interval training and in vitro T-lymphocyte function. Int. J. Sports Med. 18:130-135, 1997.
14. Jonsdottir, I. H. Exercise immunology: Neuroendocrine regulation of NK-cells. Int. J. Sports Med. 21:S20-S23, 2000.
15. Kappel, M., C. Stadeager, N. Tvede, H. Galbo, and B. K. Pedsersen. Effects of in vivo hyperthermia on natural killer cell activity, in vitro proliferative responses and blood mononuclear cell populations. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 84:175-180, 1991.
16. Moran, D.S., A. Shitzer, and K. B. Pandolf. A physiological strain index to evaluate heat stress. Am. J. Physiol. 275:R129-R134, 1998.
17. Nieman, D.C., L. S. Berk, M. Simpson-Westerberg, et al. Effects of long-endurance running on immune system parameters and lymphocyte function in experienced marathoners. Int. J. Sports Med. 10:317-323, 1989.
18. Nieman, D. C., A. R. Miller, D. A. Henson, et al. Effect of high-versus moderate-intensity exercise on lymphocyte subpopulations and proliferative response. Int. J. Sports Med. 15:199-206, 1994.
19. Nieman, D. C., D. A. Henson, E. B. Garner, et al. Carbohydrate affects natural killer cell redistribution but not activity after running. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29:1318-1324, 1997.
20. Ohira, Y., R. N. Girandola, D. R. Simpson, and S. Ikawa. Responses of leukocytes and other hematologic parameters to thermal dehydration. J. Appl. Physiol. 50:38-40, 1981.
21. Pedersen, B. K., N. Tvede, K. Klarlund, et al. Indomethacin in vitro and in vivo abolishes post-exercise suppression of natural killer cell activity in peripheral blood. Int. J. Sports Med. 11:127-131, 1990.
22. Pedersen, B. K., M. Kappel, M. Klokker, H. B. Nielsen, and N. H. Secher. The immune system during exercise in extreme physiologic conditions. Int. J. Sports Med. 15:S116-S121, 1994.
23. Pedersen, B. K., H. Bruunsgaard, M. Klokker, et al. Exercise-induced immunomodulation: Possible roles of neuroendocrine and metabolic factors. Int. J. Sports Med. S2-S7, 1997.
24. Pizza, F. X., D. Cavender, A. Stockard, H. Baylies, and A. Beighle. Anti-inflammatory doses of ibuprofen: Effect on neutrophils and exercise-induced muscle injury. Int. J. Sports Med. 20:98-102, 1999.
25. Pyne, D. B. Regulation of neutrophil function during exercise. Sports Med. 17:245-258, 1994.
26. Rhind, S. G., G. A. Gannon, P. N. Shek, et al. Contribution of exertional hyperthermia to sympathoadrenal-mediated lymphocyte subset redistribution. J. Appl. Physiol. 87:1178-1185, 1999.
27. Severs, Y., I. Brenner, P. N. Shek, and R. J. Shephard. Effects of heat and intermittent exercise on leukocyte and sub-population cell counts. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:234-245, 1996.
28. Smith, J. A., and D. B. Pyne. Exercise, training, and neutrophil function. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 3:96-116, 1997.
29. Tate, D. B., P. B. Schuler, and S. Pruett. Acute effects of maximal exercise and heat stress on NK cell activity. J. Exerc. Physiol. 1:1-10, 1998.
30. Won, S., and M. Lin. Thermal stresses reduce natural killer cell cytotoxicity. J. Appl. Physiol. 79:732-737, 1995.