The ratio of second- and fourth-digit lengths and congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

Early Human Development

Volumn 70, Issue 1-2, 2002, Pages 47-54

  Ökten, Ayşenur ^a   Kalyoncu, Mukaddes ^a   Yariş, Nilgün ^a  

^a KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

21 hydroxylase deficiency; Androgen excess; Second and fourth digits ratio

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; ANDROGEN SYNTHESIS; ARTICLE; AUTISM; BREAST CANCER; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FETUS (ANATOMY); FINGER; GENITAL SYSTEM; GONAD; HAND; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; MALE; ORGANOGENESIS; REPRODUCTION; SEXUAL ORIENTATION; SPERMATOZOON COUNT; STEROID 21 MONOOXYGENASE DEFICIENCY; TESTOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; VIRILIZATION; ADOLESCENT; ANTHROPOMETRY; BLOOD; ENZYMOLOGY; GENETICS; GONADAL DISEASE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HISTOLOGY; INFANT; NEWBORN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT;

ANDROGEN; STEROID 21 MONOOXYGENASE;

ADOLESCENT; ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL; ANDROGENS; ANTHROPOMETRY; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; FINGERS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; VIRILISM;

EID: 0036889744     PISSN: 03783782     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-3782(02)00073-7     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. New M.I. Diagnosis and management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Annu. Rev. Med. 49:1998;311-328.
2. Edmonds D.K. Congenital malformations of the genital tract. Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North Am. 27:2000;49-62.
3. Miller W.L. Genetics, diagnosis and management of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 78:1994;241-246.
4. Manning J.T., Bundred P.E. The ratio of 2nd and 4th digit length: a new predictor of disease predisposition? Med. Hypotheses. 54:2000;855-857.
5. Manning J.T., Scutt D., Wilson J., Lewis-Jones D.I. The ratio of 2nd and 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and oestrogen. Hum. Reprod. 13:1998;3000-3004.
6. Manning J.T., Baron-Cohen S., Wheelwright S., Sanders G. The 2nd and 4th digit ratio and autism. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 43:2001;160-164.
7. Manning J.T., Barley L., Walton J., Lewis-Jones D.I., Trivers R.L., Singh D.et al. The 2nd and 4th digit ratio, sexual dimorphism, population differences, and reproductive success: evidence for sexually antagonistic genes? Evol. Hum. Behav. 21:2000;163-183.
8. Manning J.T., Pickup L.J. Symmetry and performance in middle-distance runners. Int. J. Sports Med. 19:1998;205-209.
9. Manning J.T., Taylor R.P. Second to fourth digit ratio and male ability in sport: implications for selection in humans. Evol. Hum. Behav. 22:2001;61-69.
10. Manning J.T., Trivers R.L., Singh D., Thornhill R. The 2nd:4th digit ratio and hand performance in Jamaican children. Laterality. 5:2000;121-132.
11. Robinson S.J., Manning J.T. The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length and male homosexuality. Evol. Hum. Behav. 21:2000;333-345.
12. Manning J.T., Leinster S. 2nd to 4th digit ratio and age at presentation of breast cancer. Breast. 10:2001;355-357.
13. Williams T.J., Pepitone M.E., Christensen S.E., Cooke B.M., Hubermann A.D., Breedlove N.J.et al. Finger-length ratios and sexual orientation. Nature. 404:2000;455-456.
14. Manning J.T. Digit ratio: a pointer to fertility, behavior and health. 2002;Rutgers Univ. Press, New Jersey.
15. Prader A. Der genialbefund beim pseudohermaphroditismus femininnus des kongenitalen adrenogenitalen syndroms. Helv. Paediatr. Acta. 15:1954;421-434.
16. Bardin C.W., Catterall C.F. Testosterone: a major determinant of extra genital sexual dimorphism. Science. 211:1981;1285-1294.
17. Merchant-Larios H., Moreno-Mendoza N. Onset of sex differentiation: dialog between genes and cells. Arch. Med. Res. 32:2001;553-558.
18. Balsam A., Cacciari E., Baldazzi L., Tartaglia L., Cassio A., Mantovani V.et al. CYP 21 analysis and phenotype/genotype relationship in the screened population of the Italian Emilia-Romagna region. Clin. Endocrinol. 53:2000;117-125.
19. Wedell A., Thilen A., Ritzen E.M., Stengler B., Luthman H. Mutational spectrum of the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene in Sweden: implications for genetic diagnosis and association with disease manifestation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 78:1994;1145-1152.
20. Upadhyay S., Zamboni L. Ectopic germ cells; natural model for the study of germ cell sexual differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 79:1982;6584-6588.
21. Carlson A.D., Obeid J.S., Kanellopoulou N., Wilson R.C., New M.I. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: update on prenatal diagnosis and treatment. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 69:1999;19-29.
22. Stratakis C.A., Rennert O.M. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: molecular genetics and alternative approaches to treatment. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 36:1999;329-363.
23. Breedlove S.M. Sex on the brain. Nature. 389:1997;801.
24. Chowen J.A., Azcoitia I., Cardona-Gomez G.P., Garcia-Segura L.M. Sex steroids and the brain: lessons from animal studies. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. 13:2000;1045-1066.
25. Berenbaum S.A., Resnick S.M. Early androgen effects on aggression in children and adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 22:1997;505-515.
26. Berenbaum S.A. Effects of early androgens on sex-typed activities and interests in adolescents with congenital hyperplasia. Horm. Behav. 35:1999;102-110.
27. English K.M., Mandour O., Steeds R.P., Diver M.J., Jones T.H., Channer K.S. Men with coronary artery disease have lower levels of androgens than men with normal coronary angiograms. Eur. Heart J. 21:2000;890-894.
28. Phillips G.B., Pinkernell B.H., Sing T.Y. The association of hypotestosteronemia with coronary artery disease in man. Arterioscler. Thromb. 14:1994;701-706.
29. Nora J.J., Nora A.H., Perinchief A.G., Ingram J.W., Fountanin A.K., Peterson M.J. Congenital abnormalities and first-trimester exposure to progestagen/oestrogen. Lancet. 1:1976;313-314.
30. Mortloc D.P., Innus J.W. Mutation of Hoxal 3 in hand-foot-genital syndrome. Nat. Genet. 15:1997;179-180.