Submersion and asphyxial injury

Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 30, Issue 11 SUPPL., 2002, Pages

  Ibsen, Laura M ^a   Koch, Thomas ^a  

^a OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Asphyxial injury; Drowning; Hypothermia; Hypoxic ischemic injury; Near drowning

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIC AGENT; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT; SEDATIVE AGENT;

ADOLESCENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ASPHYXIA; BRAIN HYPOXIA; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHILD; CHILDHOOD INJURY; CORONARY ARTERY SPASM; DROWNING; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; FEMALE; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HEART MUSCLE INJURY; HUMAN; HYPOTHERMIA; INFANT; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LUNG ASPIRATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEAR DROWNING; NONHUMAN; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW;

EID: 0036860124     PISSN: 00903493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200211001-00004     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. "The Cheap Magazine" as noted by Scherlis L. Poetical version of the rules of the humane society for recovering drowned persons. Crit Care Med 1981; 9:430-432
2. Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control: WISQARS. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars/. Accessed February 2, 2002.
3. Brenner RQ, Trumble AC, Smith GS, et al: Where children drown. Pediatrics 2001; 108:85-89
4. Thompson DC, Rivara FP: Pool fencing for preventing drowning in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; 2:CD001047
5. Pearn J, Bart R, Yamaoka R: Drowning risks to epileptic children: A study from Hawaii. BMJ 1978; 2:1284-1285
6. Kurokawa T, Fung KC, Hanai T, et al: Mortality and clinical features in cases of death among epileptic children. Brain Dev 1982; 4:321-325
7. Orlowski JP, Rothner AD, Lueders H: Submersion accidents in children with epilepsy. Am J Dis Child 1982; 136:777-780
8. Diekema D, Quan L, Holt V: Epilepsy as a risk factor for submersion injury in children. Pediatrics 1993; 91:612-616
9. Ackerman MJ, Tester DJ, Porter CJ, et al: Molecular diagnosis of the inherited Long-QT syndrome in a woman who died after near-drowning. N Engl J Med 1999; 34:1121-1125
10. Ackerman MJ, Schroeder JJ, Berry R, et al: A novel mutation in KVLQT1 is the molecular basis of inherited long QT syndrome in a near-drowning patient's family. Pediatr Res 1988; 44:148-153
11. Ackerman MJ, Tester DJ, Porter CJ: Swimming, a gene-specific arrhythmogenic trigger for inherited long QT syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 1999; 74:1088-1094
12. Fields AI: Near-drowning in the pediatric population. Crit Care Clin 1992; 8:113-129
13. Fiser DH. Near-drowning: Pediatr Rev 1993; 14:148-151
14. Watson RS, Cummings P, Quan L, et al: Cervical spine injuries among submersion victims. J Trauma 2001; 51:658-662
15. Vander Krol L, Wolfe R: The emergency department management of near-hanging victims. J Emerg Med 1994; 12:285-292
16. Aufderheide TP, Aprahamian C, Mateer JR, et al: Emergency airway management in hanging victims. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 24:879-884
17. Karpovich PV: Water in the lungs of drowned animals. Arch Pathol 1933; 15:828-833
18. Lougheed DW: Physiological studies in experimental asphyxia and drowning. Can Med Assoc J 1939; 40:423-428
19. Orlowski JP: Drowning, near-drowning, and ice-water submersions. Pediatr Clin North Am 1987; 34:75-92
20. Swan HG, Brucer M, Moore C, et al: Fresh water and sea water drowning: A study of the terminal cardiac and biochemical events. Tex Rep Biol Med 1947; 5:423-437
21. Swann HG, Spafford NR: Body salt and water changes during fresh and sea water drowning. Tex Rep Biol Med 1951; 9:356-382
22. Modell JH, Davis JH: Electrolyte changes in human drowning victims. Anesthesiology 1969; 30:414-420
23. Modell JH, Davis JH, Giammona ST, et al: Blood gas and electrolyte changes in human near-drowning victims. JAMA 1968; 203: 99-105
24. Giammona ST, Modell JH: Drowning by total immersion: Effects on pulmonary surfactant of distilled water, isotonic saline, and sea water. Am J Dis Child 1967; 114:612-616
25. Modell JH, Graves SA, Ketovar A: Clinical course of 91 consecutive near-drowning victims. Chest 1976; 70:231-238
26. Ender PT, Dolan MJ: Pneumonia associated with near-drowning. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25:896-907
27. van Berkel M, Bierens JJL, Lie RLK, et al: Pulmonary oedema, pneumonia and mortality in submersion victims: A retrospective study in 125 patients. Intensive Care Med 1996; 22:101-107
28. Laughlin JJ, Eigen H: Pulmonary function abnormalities in survivors of near drowning. J Pediatr 1982; 100:26-30
29. Lucking SE, Pollack MM, Fields AI: Shock following generalized hypoxic-ischemic injury in previously healthy infants and children. J Pediatr 1986; 108:359-364
30. Orlowski JP, Abulleil MM, Phillips JM: The hemodynamic and cardiovascular effects of near-drowning in hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic solutions. Ann Emerg Med 1989; 18:1044-1049
31. Orlowski JP, Abulleil MM, Phillips JM: Effect of tonicities of saline solutions on pulmonary injury in drowning. Crit Care Med 1987; 15:126-130
32. Lunt DW, Rose AG: Pathology of the human heart in drowning. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1987; 111:939-942
33. Steinman AM: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and hypothermia. Circulation 1986; 74:IV29-IV32
34. Biggar W, Bohn DJ, Kent F: Neutrophil circulation and release from bone marrow during hypothermia. Infect Immun 1983; 40:708-712
35. Giesbrecht GG: Cold stress, near drowning and accidental hypothermia: A review. Aviat Space Environ Med 2000; 71:733-751
36. Hayward JS, Matthews BR, Overweel CH, et al: Temperature effect on the human dive response in relation to cold water near-drowning. J Appl Physiol 1984; 56:202-206
37. Pearigen P, Ryder G, Simon RP: The effects in vivo of hypoxia on brain injury. Brain Res 1996; 725:184-191
38. Miyamoto O, Auer RN: Hypoxia, hyperoxia, ischemia, and brain necrosis. Neurology 2000; 54:362-371
39. Kreisman NR, Soliman S, Gozal D: Regional differences in hypoxic depolarization and swelling in hippocampal slices. J Neurophysiol 2000; 83:1031-8
40. Pearn J: Neurological and psychometric studies in children surviving freshwater immersion accidents. Lancet 1977; 1:7-9
41. Allman FD, Nelson WB, Pacentine GA, et al: Outcome following cardiopulmonary resuscitation in severe pediatric near drowning. Am J Dis Child 1986; 140:571-575
42. Connors R, Frewen TC, Kissoon N, et al: Relationship of cross-brain oxygen content difference, cerebral blood flow, and metabolic rate to neurologic outcome after near-drowning. J Pediatr 1992; 121:839-844
43. Bratton SL, Jardine DS, Morray JP: Serial neurologic examinations after near drowning and outcome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994; 148:167-170
44. Christensen DW, Jansen P, Perken RM: Outcome and acute care hospital costs after warm water near drowning in children. Pediatrics 1997; 99:715-721
45. Bolte RG, Black PG, Bowers RS, et al: The use of extracorporeal rewarming in a child submerged for 66 minutes. JAMA 1988; 260:377-379
46. Lavelle JM, Shaw KN: Near drowning: Is emergency department cardiopulmonary resuscitation or intensive care unit cerebral resuscitation indicated? Crit Care Med 1993; 21:368-373
47. Siebke J, Breivik H, Rod T, et al: Survival after 40 minutes submersion without cerebral sequelae. Lancet 1975; 1:1275
48. Corneli HM: Accidental hypothermia. J Pediatr 1992; 120:671-679
49. Thalman m, Trampitsch E, Haberfellner N, et al: Resuscitation in near drowning with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71:607-608
50. Biggart MJ, Bohn DJ: Effect of hypothermia and cardiac arrest on outcome of near-drowning accidents in children. J Pediatrics 1990; 117:179-183
51. Quan L, Wentz KR, Gore EJ, et al: Outcome and predictors of outcome in pediatric submersion victims receiving pre-hospital care in King County, Washington. Pediatrics 1990; 86:586-593
52. Orlowski JP: Prognostic factors in pediatric cases of drowning and near-drowning. JACEP 1979; 8:176-179
53. Conn AW, Montes JE, Barker GA, et al: Cerebral salvage in near-drowning following neurological classification by triage. Can Anaesth Soc J 1980; 27:201-210
54. Frates RC Jr: Analysis of predictive factors in the assessment of warm-water near drowning in children. Am J Dis Child 1981; 135:1006-1008
55. Nichter MA, Perry EB: Childhood near-drowning; is cardiopulmonary resuscitation always indicated. Crit Care Med 1989; 17:993-995
56. Petersen B: Morbidity of childhood near-drowning. Pediatrics 1977; 59:364-370
57. Dean JM, Kaufman ND: Prognostic indicators in pediatric near-drowning: The Glasgow Coma Scale. Crit Care Med 1981; 9:536-539
58. Oakes DD, Sherck JP, Maloney JR, et al: Prognosis and management of victims of near drowning. J Trauma 1982; 22:544-549
59. Nussbaum E, Gallant SP: Intracranial pressure monitoring as a guide to prognosis in the nearly drowned, severely comatose child. J Pediatr 1983; 102:215-218
60. Sarniak AP, Preston G, Lieh-Lai M, et al: Intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in near-drowning. Crit Care Med 1985; 13:224-227
61. Frewen TC, Sumabat WO, Han VK, et al: Cerebral resuscitation therapy in pediatric near-drowning. J Pediatr 1985; 106:615-617
62. Bohn DJ, Biggar WD, Smith CR, et al: Influence of hypothermia, barbiturate therapy, and intracranial pressure monitoring on morbidity and mortality after near-drowning. Crit Care Med 1986:14529-14534
63. Romano C, Brown T, Frewen TC: Assessment of pediatric near-drowning victims: Is there a role for cranial CT? Pediatr Radiol 1993; 23:261-263
64. Taylor SB, Quencer RM, Holzman BH, et al: Central nervous system anoxic-ischemic insult in children due to near-drowning. Radiology 1985; 156:641-646
65. Kreis R, Arcinue E, Ernst T, et al: Hypoxic encephalopathy after near-drowning studied by quantitative 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Clin Invest 1996; 97:1142-1154
66. Dubowitz DJ, Bluml S, Arcinue E, et al: MR of hypoxic encephalopathy in children after near drowning: Correlation with quantitative proton MR spectroscopy and clinical outcome. Am J Neuroradiol 1998; 19:1617-1627
67. Kruus S, Bergstrom L, Suutarinen T, et al: The prognosis of near-drowned children. Acta Paediatr Scand 1979; 68:315-22
68. Fisher B, Peterson B, Hicks G: Use of brainstem auditory-evoked response testing to assess neurologic outcome following near drowning in children. Crit Care Med 1992; 20:578-585
69. Jacinto SJ, Gieron-Korthals M, Ferreira JA: Predicting outcome in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Pediatr Clin North Am 2001; 48:647-660
70. De Meirleir LJ, Taylor MJ: Prognostic utility of SEPs in comatose children. Pediatr Neurol 1987; 3:78-82
71. Taylor MJ, Farrell EJ: Comparison of the prognostic utility of VEPs and SEPs in comatose Children. Pediatr Neurol 1989; 5:145-150
72. Conn AW, Edmonds JF, Barker GA, et al: Cerebral resuscitation in near-drowning. Pediatr Clin North Am 1979; 26:691-701
73. Nussbaum E, Maggi JC: Pentobarbital therapy does not improve neurologic outcome in nearly drowned, flaccid-comatose children. Pediatrics 1988; 81:630-634
74. Bleyaert AL, Nemoto EM, Safar P, et al: Thiopental amelioration of brain damage after global ischemia in monkeys. Anesthesiology 1978; 49:390-398
75. Randomized clinical study of thiopental loading in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest, brain resuscitation clinical trial I study group. N Engl J Med 1986; 314:397-403
76. Kochanek PM, Clark RSB, Ruppel RA, et al: Cerebral resuscitation after traumatic brain injury and cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children in the new millennium. Pediatr Clin North Am 2001; 48:661-675