An analysis of the forces required to drag sheep over various surfaces

Applied Ergonomics

Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 523-531

  Harvey, J T ^a   Culvenor, J ^a,d   Payne, W ^a   Cowley, S ^a   Lawrance, M ^a   Stuart, D ^b   Williams, R ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BALLARAT   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^c Wimmera Health Care Group   (Australia)

^d NONE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Ergonomics; Psychophysics; Pulling; Sheep shearing

Indexed keywords

DRAG; ERGONOMICS; HEALTH HAZARDS; OCCUPATIONAL RISKS; SHEARING;

DRAG FORCES;

LIVING SYSTEMS STUDIES;

ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BUILDING; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EXPERIMENT; FORCE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MEASUREMENT; NORMAL HUMAN; RISK ASSESSMENT; SHEEP; SURFACE PROPERTY;

EID: 0036852603     PISSN: 00036870     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-6870(02)00071-6     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Australian Workers' Union (Vic.), 1993. Code of Practice for the Shearing Industry (Health, Safety & Welfare Standards). AWU, Carlton South, Australia.
2. Ayoub M.M., McDaniel J.W. Effects of operator stance on pushing and pulling tasks. AIIE Trans. 6:1974;185-195.
3. Chaffin D.B. Development of a computerized human static strength simulation model for job design. Hum. Factors Ergon. Manuf. 7:1997;305-322.
4. Chaffin D.B., Andersson G.B.J. Volitional postures during maximal push/pull exertions in the sagittal plane. Hum. Factors. 25:1983;541-550.
5. Ciriello V.M., Snook S.H., Blick A.C., Wilkinson P.L. The effects of task duration on psychophysically determined maximum acceptable weights and forces. Ergonomics. 33:1990;187-200.
6. Cole F., Foley G. Occupational Health and Safety Performance Overviews, Selected Industries. Issue No. 9, Agriculture and Services to Agriculture Industries:1995;AGPS, Canberra.
7. Culvenor, J., Cowley, S., Freeman, R., Harvey, J., Lawrance, M., McElroy, K., Payne, W., Pryor, J., Stuart, D., Williams, R., 1997. The ergonomics of sheep shearing. In: Productivity Ergonomics and Safety: The Total Package, International Workplace Health & Safety Forum and 33rd Ergonomics Society of Australia Conference, Gold Coast, available on CD ROM or http://www.whs.qld.gov.au/conference/ergonomic97/culvenor.pdf .
8. Freeman, R.B., 1991. Helping Woolgrowers Contain Shearing Costs. University of Melbourne.
9. Health and Safety Organisation, Victoria, 1995. The Sheep Shearing Project. HSO, Melbourne.
10. Hoozemans M.J.M., van der Beek A.J., Frings-Dresen M.H.W., van der Molen H.F. Evaluation of methods to assess push/pull forces in a construction task. Appl. Ergon. 32:2001;509-516.
11. Hoozemans M.J.M., van der Beek A.J., Frings-Dresen M.H.W., Van Dijk F.J.H., van der Wjoude L.H.V. Pushing and pulling in relation to musculoskeletal disorders. A review of risk factors Ergonomics. 41:1998;757-781.
12. Looze M.P.de, Urlings I.J.M. Towards successful physical stress reducing products. An evaluation of seven cases Appl. Ergon. 32(5):2001;525-534.
13. Kumar S. A conceptual model of overexertion, safety and risk of injury in occupational settings. Hum. Factors. 36(2):1994;197-209.
14. Kumar S., Chaffin D.B., Redfern M. Isometric and isokinetic back and arm lifting strengths. Devices and measurement J. Biomech. 21:1988;35-44.
15. Lee K.S., Chaffin D.B., Herrin G.D., Waikar A.M. Effect of handle height on lower-back loading in cart pushing and pulling. Appl. Ergon. 22:1991;117-123.
16. Lee K.S., Chaffin D.B., Parks C. A study of slip potential during cart pushing and pulling. IIE Trans. 24(5):1992;139-146.
17. Mair S.D., Seaber A.V., Glisson R.R., Garrett W.E. The role of fatigue in susceptibility to acute muscle strain injury. Am. J. Sports Med. 24(2):1996;137-143.
18. McGill S.M. The biomechanics of low back injury. Implications on current practice in industry and the clinic J. Biomech. 30:1997;465-475.
19. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission, 1990. National Code of Practice for Manual Handling. AGPS, Canberra, available www.nohsc.gov.au .
20. Payne W.R., Culvenor J., Lawrance M., Harvey J.T., Cowley S., Stuart D., Williams R. Reducing the energy cost of dragging sheep during sheep shearing. Aust. & NZ J. Occ. Health and Safety. 18(2):2002;173-179.
21. Payne, W., Askari, H., Cowley, S., Culvenor, J., Freeman, R., Hall, R., Harvey, J., Lawrance, M., McElroy, K., Pryor, J., Stuart, D., Williams, R., 1998. The ergonomics of sheep shearing: reducing back injuries and energy expenditure in sheep shearing through the development of practical modifications to shed layout. Final Report to the National Occupational Health and Safety Commission, unpublished, available www.culvenor.com .
22. Pearce, A., 1996. AP30 Software System, Developed as part of a departmental biomechanics program for the Department of Human Movement and Exercise Science at the University of Western Australia.
23. Resnick M.L., Chaffin D.B. An ergonomic evaluation of handle height and load in maximal and submaximal cart pushing. Appl. Ergon. 26:1995;173-178.
24. Snook S.H., Ciriello V.M. The design of manual handling tasks. revised tables of maximum acceptable weights and forces Ergonomics. 34(9):1991;1197-1213.
25. Stuart D. The physical demands of sheepshearing - with particular reference to the physical fitness of shearers. Farmsafe 88: Papers and Proceedings of the Farmsafe 88 Conference, University of New England. 1991;419-427 AGPS, Canberra.
26. Van der Beek A.J., Kluver B.D.R., Frings-Dresen M.H.W. Gender differences in exerted forces and physiological load during pushing and pulling of wheeled cages by postal workers. Ergonomics. 43(2):2000;269-281.
27. Waters T.R., Putz-Anderson V., Garg A., Fine L.J. Revised NIOSH equation for the design and evaluation of manual lifting tasks. Ergonomics. 36(7):1993;749-776.
28. Webster M.E.D., Lush D.P. The effect of shearing and crutching. Farmsafe 88: Papers and Proceedings of the Farmsafe 88 Conference, University of New England. 1991;449-453 AGPS, Canberra.
29. Winkel J., Mathiassen S.E. Assessment of physical work load in epidemiologic studies. Concepts, issues and operational considerations Ergonomics. 37:1994;979-988.