Reduced erythrocyte membrane essential fatty acids and increased lipid peroxides in schizophrenia at the never-medicated first-episode of psychosis and after years of treatment with antipsychotics

Schizophrenia Research

Volumn 58, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 1-10

  Khan, Mohammad M ^a   Evans, Denise R ^a,b   Gunna, Vijayasudha ^a   Scheffer, Russell E ^c   Parikh, Vinay V ^a   Mahadik, Sahebarao P ^a,b  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids; First episode of psychosis; Lipid peroxides; Membrane phospholipids; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ARACHIDONIC ACID; CLOZAPINE; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID; HALOPERIDOL; LIPID PEROXIDE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; RISPERIDONE; THIOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE; FATTY ACID ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; LIPID PEROXIDATION; LONG TERM CARE; MALE; MENTAL HOSPITAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE; FATTY ACIDS; FATTY ACIDS, ESSENTIAL; FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIPID PEROXIDES; MALE; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; THIOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCES;

EID: 0036842383     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00334-6     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Assies J., Lieverse R., Peter V., Wanders R.J.A., Dingemans P.M.J.A., Linsezen D.H. Significantly reduced level of docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid in erythrocyte membranes from schizophrenia patients compared with a carefully matched control group. Biol. Psychiatry. 49:2001;510-522.
2. Bates C., Horrobin D.F., Ells K. Fatty acids in plasma phospholipids and cholesterol esters from identical twins concordant and discordant for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 6:1992;1-7.
3. Bourre J.M., Bonneil M., Chaudiere J., Clement M., Dumont O., Durand G.et al. Structural and functional importance of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in the nervous system. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 318:1992;211-229.
4. Cadet J.L., Lohr J.B. Free radicals and the developmental pathophysiology of schizophrenic burnout. Integr. Psychiatry. 5:1987;40-48.
5. Carlson S.E., Carver J.D., House S.G. High fat diets varying in ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid and linoleic to linolenic acid: a comparison of rat neural and red cell membrane phospholipids. J. Nutr. 116:1986;718-725.
6. Christinsen O., Christinsen E. Fat consumption and schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 78:1988;587-591.
7. Connor W.E., Lin D.S., Neuringer M. Is the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) content of erythrocytes a marker for the DHA content of brain phospholipids? FASEB J. 7:1993;A152.
8. Evans D.R., Mahadik S.P., Akin J., Evans W., Jain D. Cell membrane essential fatty acid status in drug-naive first-episode psychotic patients and its relation to outcome. Schizophr. Res. 49:2001;83.
9. Fenton W.S., Hibbeln J., Knable M. Essential fatty acids, lipid membrane abnormalities, and the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry. 47:2000;8-21.
10. Glen A.I.M., Glen E.M.T., Horrobin D.F., Vaddadi K.S., Spellman M., Morse-Fisher N., Ellis K., Skinner F.K. A red cell membrane abnormality in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients: evidence for two diseases. Schizophr. Res. 12:1994;53-61.
11. Jeding I., Evans P.J., Akanmu D., Dexter D., Spencer J.D., Aruoma O.I., Jenner P., Halliwell B. Characterization of the potential antioxidant and pro-oxidant actions of some neuroleptic drugs. Biochem. Pharmacol. 49:1995;359-365.
12. Horrobin D.F. The relationship between schizophrenia and essential fatty acids and eicosanoid metabolism. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes Essent. Fatty Acids. 46:1992;71-77.
13. Horrobin D.F. The membrane phospholipid hypothesis as a biochemical basis for the neurodevelopmental concept of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 30:1998;193-208.
14. Horrobin D.F. The effects of antipsychotic drugs on membrane phospholipids - a possible novel mechanism of action of clozapine. Peet M., Glen A.L., Horrobin D. Phospholipid Spectrum Disorders in Psychiatric. 1999;113-117 Marius Press, Lancashire, UK.
15. Horrobin D.F., Glen A.I.M., Glen E.M.T., Skinner F. Red cell membrane fatty acids in schizophrenic patients with mainly positive or mainly negative symptoms. Schizophr. Res. 9:1993;221.
16. Horrobin D.F., Glen A.I.M., Vaddadi K.S. The membrane hypothesis of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 13:1994;195-208.
17. Innis S.M. Essential fatty acids in growth and development. Prog. Lipid Res. 30:1991;39-103.
18. Keshavan M.S., Mallinger A.G., Pettegrew J.W., Dippold C. Erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in psychotic patients. Psychiatry Res. 49:1993;9-95.
19. Kramer Voss H.-P., Grimberger J.A., Timmerman H., Bast A. The effects of ischemia and recirculation, hypoxia and recovery on antioxidant factors and β-adrenoreceptor density: is the damage in erythrocytes a reflection of brain damage caused by complete cerebral ischemia and by hypoxia? Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 149:1987;568-575.
20. Lohr J.B., Flynn K. Smoking and schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 8:1992;93-102.
21. Mahadik S.P., Evans D. Essential fatty acids in the treatment of schizophrenia. Drugs Today. 33:1997;5-17.
22. Mahadik S.P., Mukherjee S. Free radical pathology and the antioxidant defense in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 19:1996;1-18.
23. Mahadik S.P., Scheffer R.E. Oxidative injury and potential use of antioxidants in schizophrenia. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes Essent. Fatty Acids. 55:1996;45-54.
24. Mahadik S.P., Mukherjee S., Correnti E., Kelkar H.S., Wakade C.G., Costa R.M., Scheffer R. Distribution of plasma membrane phospholipids and cholesterol in skin fibroblasts from drug-naive patients at the onset of psychosis. Schizophr. Res. 13:1994;239-247.
25. Mahadik S.P., Mukherjee S., Horrobin D., Jenkins K., Correnti E.E., Scheffer R.E. Plasma membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition of cultured skin fibroblasts from schizophrenic patients: comparison with bipolar and normal controls. Psychiatry Res. 63:1996;133-142.
26. Mahadik S.P., Shendarkar N.S., Scheffer R., Mukherjee S., Correnti E.E. Utilization of precursor essential fatty acids in culture by skin fibroblasts from schizophrenic patients and normal controls. Prostaglandin, Leukotrienes Essent. Fatty Acids. 55:1996;65-70.
27. Mahadik S.P., Mukherjee S., Correnti E.E., Scheffer R., Mahadik J. Elevated plasma lipid peroxides at the onset of non-affective psychosis. Biol. Psychiatry. 43:1998;674-679.
28. Mahadik S.P., Sitasawad V., Mulchandani M. Membrane peroxidation and the neuropathology of Schizophrenia. Horrobin D., Glen A.L., Peet M. Phospholipid Spectrum Disorders in Psychiatric. 1999;99-111 Marius Press, Lancashire, UK.
29. Mahadik S.P., Mulchandani M., Hegde M.V., Ranjekar P.K. Cultural and socioeconomic differences in dietry intak of essential fatty acids and antioxidants - effects on the outcome. Horrobin D., Glen A.L., Peet M. Phospholipid Spectrum Disorders in Psychiatric. 1999;167-179 Marius Press, Lancashire, UK.
30. Mahadik S.P., Evans D., Lal H. Oxidative stress and the role of antioxidant and w-3 essential fatty acid supplementation in schizophrenia. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 25:2001;463-493.
31. Mahadik S.P., Evans D.R., Terry A., Hill W.D. Neuroprotective action of atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia: improved cognitive performance and underlying mechanism of action. Schizophr. Res. 49:2001;94.
32. McCreadie R.G., MacDonald E., Wiles D., Campbell G., Pateson J.R. The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys XIV: plasma lipid peroxide and serum vitamin E levels in patients with and without tardive dyskinesia and in normal subjects. Br. J. Psychiatry. 170:1995;1-8.
33. Overall J.E., Gorham D.R. Brief psychiatry rating scale. Psychol. Rep. 10:1962;799-812.
34. Peet M., Laugharne J., Rangarajan N., Renolds G.P. Tardive dyskinesia, lipid peroxidation, and sustained amelioration with vitamin E treatment. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 8:1993;151-153.
35. Peet M., Laugharne J., Mellor J.E., Ramchand C.N. Essential fatty acid deficiency in erythrocyte membranes from chronic schizophrenic patients, and the clinical effects of dietary supplementation. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes Essent. Fatty Acids. 55:1996;119-122.
36. Peet M., Brind J., Ramchand C.N., Shah S., Vankar G.K. Two double-blind placebo-controlled pilot studies of eicosapentaenoic acid in the treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 49:2001;243-251.
37. Pettegrew J.W., Keshavan M.S., Minshew N.J. Alterations in brain high-energy phosphate and membrane phospholipid metabolism in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenics. A pilot study of the dorsal prefrontal cortex using in vivo phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 48:1991;563-568.
38. Reddy R., van Kammen D.P., Yao J.K. Cigarette smoking and antioxidant status in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry. 43:1998;112S-113S.
39. Reddy R., Yao J. Free radical pathology in schizophrenia: a review. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes Essent. Fatty Acids. 55:1996;33-43.
40. Rotrosen J., Wolkin A. Phospholipid and prostaglandin hypotheses of schizophrenia. Meltzer H.Y. Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress. 1987;Raven Press, New York.
41. Scottish Schizophrenia Research Group Smoking habits and plasma lipid peroxides and vitamin E in never medicated first-episode schizophrenic patients with schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry. 176:2000;290-293.
42. Stanley J.A., Williamson P.C., Drost D.J., Carr T.J., Rylett R.J., Malla A. An in vivo study of the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients at different age of illness via phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 52:1995;399-406.
43. Thompson G.A. The Regulation of Membrane Lipid Metabolism. 2nd Edn. 1992;CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
44. Vaddadi K.S., Courtney P., Gilleard C.S., Manku M.S., Horrobin D.F. A double-blind trial of essential fatty acid supplementation in patients with tardive dyskinesia. Psychiatry Res. 27:1989;313-323.
45. Wainright P.E. Do essential fatty acids play a role in brain and behavioral development? Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 16:1992;193-205.
46. Yao J.K. Red blood cell and platelet fatty acid metabolism in schizophrenia. Horrobin D., Glen A.L., Peet M. Phospholipid Spectrum Disorders in Psychiatric. 1999;57-71 Marius Press, Lancashire, UK.
47. Yao J.K., van Kammen D.P., Welker J.A. Red cell membrane dynamics in schizophrenia: II. Fatty acid composition. Schizophr. Res. 13:1994;217-226.