A two-fraction model for the transport of sand/gravel mixtures

Water Resources Research

Volumn 38, Issue 10, 2002, Pages 12-1-12-12

  Wilcock, Peter R ^a   Kenworthy, Stephen T ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Fluvial geomorphology; Gravel bed rivers; Sand and gravel; Sediment transport; Transport models

Indexed keywords

GRAVEL; SAND; SEDIMENTS;

MATRIX SUPPORTED BEDS;

WATER RESOURCES;

GRAVEL; RIVER; SAND; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; TRANSPORT;

GRAVEL; RIVER; SAND; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT;

EID: 0036822779     PISSN: 00431397     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001wr000684     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Andrews, E. D., Entrainment of gravel from naturally sorted riverbed material, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 94, 1225-1231, 1983.
2. Andrews, E. D., and D. C. Erman, Persistence in the size distribution of surficial bed material during an extreme snowmelt flood, Water Resour. Res., 22, 191-197, 1986.
3. Andrews, E. D., and G. Parker, Formation of a coarse surface layer as the response to gravel mobility, in Sediment Transport in Gravel-Bed Rivers, edited by C. R. Thorne, J. C. Bathurst, and R. D. Hey, pp. 269-325, John Wiley, New York, 1987.
4. Ashida, K., and M. Michiue, Study on hydraulic resistance and bedload transport rate in alluvial streams, Trans. Jpn. Soc. Civ. Eng., 206, 59-69, 1972.
5. Bagnold, R. A., An empirical correlation of bedload transport rates in dunes and natural rivers, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 372, 453-473, 1980.
6. Brownlie, W. R., Prediction of flow depth and sediment discharge in open channels, Rep. KH-R-43A, W. M. Keck Lab. of Hydraul. and Water Resour., Calif. Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, 1981.
7. Carling, P. A., Threshold of coarse sediment transport in broad and narrow natural streams, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 8, 1-18, 1983.
8. Chiew, Y.-M., and G. Parker, Incipient sediment motion on non-horizontal slopes, J. Hydraul. Res., 32(5), 649-660, 1994.
9. Church, M. A., D. G. McLean, and J. F. Wolcott, River bed gravels: Sampling and analysis, in Sediment Transport in Gravel-Bed Rivers, edited by C. R. Thorne, J. C. Bathurst, and R. D. Hey, pp. 43-88, John Wiley, New York, 1987.
10. Church, M., J. F. Wolcott, and W. K. Fletcher, A test of equal mobility in fluvial sediment transport: Behavior of the sand fraction, Water Res. Res., 27(11), 2941-2951, 1991.
11. Diplas, P., and G. Parker, Pollution of gravel spawning grounds due to fine sediment, Proj. Rep. 240, St. Anthony Falls Lab., Univ. of Minn., Minneapolis, 1985.
12. Emmett, W. W., Bedload transport in two large, gravel-bed rivers, Idaho and Washington, Proceedings of the Third Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Conference, Denver, Colorado, pp. 4-101-4-114, Sediment. Comm., Water Resour. Council, Washington, D. C., 1976.
13. Emmett, W. W., A field calibration of the sediment-trapping characteristics of the Helley-Smith bedload sampler, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1139, 1980.
14. Emmett, W. W., R. H. Myrick, and R. H. Meade, Field data describing the movement and storage of sediment in the East Fork River, Wyoming, part 1, River hydraulics and sediment transport, 1979, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 80-1189, 1980.
15. Emmett, W. W., R. H. Myrick, and H. A. Martinson, Hydraulic and sediment-transport data, East Fork River, Wyoming, 1978, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep., 85-486, 1985.
16. Engelund, F., Closure to hydraulic resistance of alluvial streams, J. Hydraul. Div. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., 93(HY4), 287-296, 1967.
17. Engelund, F., and E. Hansen, A Monograph on Sediment Transport in Alluvial Streams, Teknisk Vorlag, Copenhagen, 1972.
18. Fenton, J. D., and J. E. Abbott, Initial movement of grains on a stream bed: The effect of relative protrusion, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 352, 523-537, 1977.
19. Ferguson, R. I., K. L. Prestegaard, and P. J. Ashworth, Influence of sand on hydraulics and gravel transport in a braided gravel bed river, Water Resour. Res., 25, 635-643, 1989.
20. Ikeda, H., and F. Iseya, Experimental study of heterogeneous sediment transport, Pap. 12, Environ. Res. Cent., Univ. of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan, 1988.
21. Jackson, W. L., and R. L. Beschta, A model of two-phase bedload transport in an Oregon coast range stream, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 9, 517-527, 1982.
22. Jackson, W. L., and R. L. Beschta, Influences of increased sand delivery on the morphology of sand and gravel channels, Water Resour. Bull., 20(4), 527-533, 1984.
23. Kamphuis, J. W., Determination of sand roughness for fixed beds, J. Hydraul. Res., 12(2), 193-203, 1974.
24. Kuhnle, R. A., Fractional transport rates of bedload on Goodwin Creek, in Dynamics of Gravel-Bed Rivers, edited by P. Billi et al., pp. 141-155, John Wiley, New York, 1992.
25. Kuhnle, R. A., and A. J. Bowie, Loop rating curves from Goodwin Creek, paper presented at National Conferenece on Hydraulic Engineering, Am, Soc. of Civil Eng., Baltimore, Md., 1992.
26. Leopold, L. B., Sediment sizė that determines channel morphology, in Dynamics of Gravel-Bed Rivers, edited by P. Billi et al., pp. 297-307, John Wiley, New York, 1992.
27. Leopold, L. B., and W. W. Emmett, Bedload and river hydraulics-Inferences from the East Fork River, Wyoming, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1583, 52 pp., 1997.
28. Lisle, T. E., Stabilization of a gravel channel by large streamside obstructions and bedrock bends, Jacoby Creek, northwestern California, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 97, 999-1011, 1986.
29. Lisle, T. E., Sediment transport and resulting deposition in spawning gravels, north coastal California, Water Resour. Res., 25(6), 1303-1319, 1989.
30. Lisle, T. E., Particle size variations between bed load and bed material in natural gravel bed channels, Water Resour Res., 31(4), 1107- 1118, 1995.
31. Lisle, T. E., J. M. Nelson, J. Pitlick, M. A. Madej, and B. L. Barkett, Variability of bed mobility in natural gravel-bed channels and adjustments to sediment load at the local and reach scales, Water Resour. Res., 36(12), 3743-3756, 2000.
32. Meyer-Peter, E., and R. Müller, Formulation for bed load transport, in Proceedings of the 2nd Congress, pp. 39-64, Int. Assoc. Hydr. Res., Stockholm, Sweden, 1948.
33. Milhous, R. T., Sediment transport in a gravel-bottomed stream, Ph.D. thesis, Oreg. State Univ., Corvallis, 1973.
34. Paola, C., and R. Seal, Grain size patchiness as a cause of selective deposition and downstream fining, Water Res. Res., 31(5), 1395-1407, 1995.
35. Paola, C., G. Parker, D. C. Mohrig, and K. X. Whipple, The influence of transport fluctuations on spatially averaged topography on a sandy, braided fluvial plane, in Numerical Experiments in Stratigraphy, Spec. Publ. SEPM Soc. Sediment. Geol., 62, 211-218, 1999.
36. Parker, G., Surface-based bedload transport relation for gravel rivers, J. Hydraul. Res., 28(4), 417-436, 1990.
37. Parker, G., Gravel-bed channel instability, in Issues and Directions in Hydraulics, edited by Y. Nakata and R. Ettema, pp. 115-133, A. A. Balkema, Brookfield, Vt., 1996.
38. Parker, G., and A. W. Peterson, Bar resistance of gravel-bed streams, J. Hydraul. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 106(HY10), 1559-1575, 1980.
39. Parker, G., S. Dhamotharan, and S. Stefan, Model experiments on mobile, paved gravel bed streams, Water Resour Res., 18(5), 1395-1408, 1982a.
40. Parker, G., P. C. Klingeman, and D. L. McLean, Bedload and size distribution in paved gravel-bed streams, J. Hydraul. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 108(HY4), 544-571, 1982b.
41. Parker, G., C. Paola, and S. Leclair, Probabilistic Exner sediment continuity equation for mixtures with no active layer, J. Hydraul. Eng., 126(11), 818-826, 2000.
42. Seal, R., and C. Paola, Observations of downstream fining on the North Fork Toutle River near Mount St. Helens, Washington, Water Resour Res., 31(5), 1409-1419, 1995.
43. Smith, G. H. S., and R. I. Ferguson, The gravel-sand transition along river channels, J. Sediment. Res., A65(2), 423-430, 1995.
44. Vanoni, V. A., and N. H. Brooks, Laboratory studies of the roughness and suspended load of alluvial streams, Sediment. Lab. Rep. E68, Calif. Inst. Technol., Pasadena, 1957.
45. Wathen, S. J., R. I. Ferguson, T. B. Hoey, and A. Werrity, Unequal mobility of gravel and sand in weakly bimodal river sediments, Water Resour. Res., 31(8), 2087-2096, 1995.
46. Whiting, P. J., and W. E. Dietrich, Boundary shear stress and roughness over mobile alluvial beds, J. Hydraul. Eng., 116(12), 1495-1511, 1990.
47. Wilcock, P. R., Methods for estimating the critical shear stress of individual fractions in mixed-size sediment, Water Resour. Res., 24(7), 1127-1135, 1988.
48. Wilcock, P. R., Experimental investigation of the effect of mixture properties on transport dynamics, in Dynamics of Gravel-Bed Rivers, edited by P. Billi et al., pp. 109-139, John Wiley, New York, 1992.
49. Wilcock, P. R., The critical shear stress of natural sediments, J. Hydraul. Eng., 119(4), 491-505, 1993.
50. Wilcock, P. R., Estimating local bed shear stress from velocity observations, Water Resour Res., 32(11), 3361-3366, 1996.
51. Wilcock, P. R., Two-fraction model of initial sediment motion in gravel-bed rivers, Science, 280, 410-412, 1998.
52. Wilcock, P. R., The flow, the bed, and the transport: Interaction in flume and field, in Fifth Gravel-Bed Rivers Workshop, edited by P. Mosley, pp. 183-209, N. Z. Hydrol. Soc., Christchurch, 2001a.
53. Wilcock, P. R., Toward a practical method for estimating sediment transport rates in gravel-bed rivers, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 26, 1395-1408, 2001b.
54. Wilcock, P. R., and B. T. DeTemple, Armor layers in flumes and streams, Geol. Soc. Am. Program Abstr., 33, abstract T24-3, 2001.
55. Wilcock, P. R., and B. W. McArdell, Surface-based fractional transport rates: Mobilization thresholds and partial transport of a sand-gravel sediment, Water Resour. Res., 29(4), 1297-1312, 1993.
56. Wilcock, P. R., G. M. Kondolf, W. V. G. Matthews, and A. F. Barta, Specification of sediment maintenance flows for a large gravel-bed river, Water Resour Res., 32(9), 2911-2921, 1996.
57. Wilcock, P. R., S. T. Kenworthy, and J. C. Crowe, Experimental study of the transport of mixed sand and gravel, Water Resour. Res., 37(12), 3349-3358, 2001.
58. Yatsu, E., On the longitudinal profile of the graded river, Eos Trans. AGU, 36, 655-663, 1955.