Exact calculation of the skyrmion lifetime in a ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Volumn 66, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 436221-436227

  Zhang, Yunbo ^a,b   Li, Wei Dong ^b   Li, Lu ^b   Muller Kirsten H J W ^a  

^a Rheinland Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Landau   (Germany)

^b SHANXI UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONDENSATION; DEGREES OF FREEDOM (MECHANICS); FERROMAGNETISM; MATRIX ALGEBRA; TEXTURES;

BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE (BEC);

QUANTUM THEORY;

EID: 0036818649     PISSN: 10502947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. B.P. Anderson and M.A. Kasevich, Science 282, 1686 (1998).
2. F.S. Cataliotti, S. Burger, C. Fort, P. Maddaloni, F. Minardi, A. Trombettoni, A. Smerzi, and M. Inguscio, Science 293, 843 (2001).
3. M.R. Andrews, C.G. Townsend, H.J. Miesner, D.S. Durfee, D.M. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, Science 275, 637 (1997).
4. A. Smerzi, S. Fantoni, S. Giovanazzi, and S.R. Shenoy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4950 (1997).
5. D.M. Stamper-Kurn, M.R. Andrews, A.P. Chikkatur, S. Inouye, H.-J. Miesner, J. Stenger, and W. Ketterle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2027 (1998); M.D. Barrett, J.A. Sauer, and M.S. Chapman, ibid. 87, 010404 (2001).
6. D.M. Stamper-Kurn, M.R. Andrews, A.P. Chikkatur, S. Inouye, H.-J. Miesner, J. Stenger, and W. Ketterle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2027 (1998); M.D. Barrett, J.A. Sauer, and M.S. Chapman, ibid. 87, 010404 (2001).
7. Tin-Lun Ho, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 742 (1998); H.T.C. Stoof, E. Vliegen, and U. Al Khawaja, ibid. 87, 120407 (2001); S.-K. Yip, ibid. 83, 4677 (1999); J.-P. Martikainen, A. Collin, and K.-A. Suominen, ibid. 88, 090404 (2002).
8. Tin-Lun Ho, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 742 (1998); H.T.C. Stoof, E. Vliegen, and U. Al Khawaja, ibid. 87, 120407 (2001); S.-K. Yip, ibid. 83, 4677 (1999); J.-P. Martikainen, A. Collin, and K.-A. Suominen, ibid. 88, 090404 (2002).
9. Tin-Lun Ho, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 742 (1998); H.T.C. Stoof, E. Vliegen, and U. Al Khawaja, ibid. 87, 120407 (2001); S.-K. Yip, ibid. 83, 4677 (1999); J.-P. Martikainen, A. Collin, and K.-A. Suominen, ibid. 88, 090404 (2002).
10. Tin-Lun Ho, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 742 (1998); H.T.C. Stoof, E. Vliegen, and U. Al Khawaja, ibid. 87, 120407 (2001); S.-K. Yip, ibid. 83, 4677 (1999); J.-P. Martikainen, A. Collin, and K.-A. Suominen, ibid. 88, 090404 (2002).
11. N.D. Mermin and Tin-Lun Ho, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 594 (1976).
12. P.W. Anderson and G. Toulouse, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 508 (1977).
13. T. Mizushima, K. Machida, and T. Kita, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 030401 (2002).
14. J. Ruostekoski and J.R. Anglin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3934 (2001).
15. Richard A. Battye, N.R. Cooper, and Paul M. Sutcliffe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 080401 (2002).
16. K.-P. Marzlin, W. Zhang, and B.C. Sanders, Phys. Rev. A 62, 013602 (2000).
17. U.Al. Khawaja and H.T.C. Stoof, Nature (London) 411, 918 (2001).
18. U.Al. Khawaja and H.T.C. Stoof, Phys. Rev. A 64, 043612 (2001).
19. S. Coleman, Phys. Rev. D 15, 2929 (1977); C.G. Callan Jr. and S. Coleman, Phys. Rev. D 16, 1762 (1977); in The Whys of Subnuclear Physics (Plenum, New York, 1979), p. 805; in Aspects of Symmetry (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1985), Chap. 7.
20. S. Coleman, Phys. Rev. D 15, 2929 (1977); C.G. Callan Jr. and S. Coleman, Phys. Rev. D 16, 1762 (1977); in The Whys of Subnuclear Physics (Plenum, New York, 1979), p. 805; in Aspects of Symmetry (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1985), Chap. 7.
21. S. Coleman, Phys. Rev. D 15, 2929 (1977); C.G. Callan Jr. and S. Coleman, Phys. Rev. D 16, 1762 (1977); in The Whys of Subnuclear Physics (Plenum, New York, 1979), p. 805; in Aspects of Symmetry (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1985), Chap. 7.
22. S. Coleman, Phys. Rev. D 15, 2929 (1977); C.G. Callan Jr. and S. Coleman, Phys. Rev. D 16, 1762 (1977); in The Whys of Subnuclear Physics (Plenum, New York, 1979), p. 805; in Aspects of Symmetry (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1985), Chap. 7.
23. J.-Q. Liang and H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten, Phys. Rev. D 46, 4685 (1992); 50, 6519 (1994); 51, 718 (1995).
24. J.-Q. Liang and H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten, Phys. Rev. D 46, 4685 (1992); 50, 6519 (1994); 51, 718 (1995).
25. J.-Q. Liang and H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten, Phys. Rev. D 46, 4685 (1992); 50, 6519 (1994); 51, 718 (1995).
26. Y.-B. Zhang, Y.-H. Nie, S.-P. Kou, J.-Q. Liang, H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten, and F.-C. Pu, Phys. Lett. A 253, 345 (1999); Y.-B. Zhang, J.-Q. Liang, and F.-C. Pu, Acta Phys. Sin. (Overseas Ed.) 7, 510 (1998); H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten, J.-Z. Zhang, and Y.-B. Zhang, J. High Energy Phys. 11, 011 (2001).
27. Y.-B. Zhang, Y.-H. Nie, S.-P. Kou, J.-Q. Liang, H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten, and F.-C. Pu, Phys. Lett. A 253, 345 (1999); Y.-B. Zhang, J.-Q. Liang, and F.-C. Pu, Acta Phys. Sin. (Overseas Ed.) 7, 510 (1998); H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten, J.-Z. Zhang, and Y.-B. Zhang, J. High Energy Phys. 11, 011 (2001).
28. Y.-B. Zhang, Y.-H. Nie, S.-P. Kou, J.-Q. Liang, H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten, and F.-C. Pu, Phys. Lett. A 253, 345 (1999); Y.-B. Zhang, J.-Q. Liang, and F.-C. Pu, Acta Phys. Sin. (Overseas Ed.) 7, 510 (1998); H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten, J.-Z. Zhang, and Y.-B. Zhang, J. High Energy Phys. 11, 011 (2001).
29. I. Affleck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 388 (1981).
30. P.F. Byrd and M.D. Friedman, Handbook of Elliptic Integrals for Engineers and Scientists, 2nd ed. (Springer, Berlin, 1971).
31. U. Weiss, Quantum Dissipative Systems, 2nd ed. (World Scientific, Singapore, 1999).
32. L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz, Quantum Mechanics, 3rd ed. (Pergamon, New York, 1977).
33. U.Al. Khawaja and H.T.C. Stoof (private communication).