Quantitation of left ventricular mass and function: Balancing evidence with dreams

Italian Heart Journal

Volumn 3, Issue 10, 2002, Pages 562-570

  de Simone, Giovanni ^a   Galderisi, Maurizio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

Author keywords

Diastolic function; Echo Doppler; Hypertrophy; Left ventricular mass

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FEASIBILITY STUDY; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE CONTRACTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FILLING; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE MASS; HUMAN; PROBABILITY; PROGNOSIS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; VALIDATION PROCESS;

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART VENTRICLES; HUMANS; HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; MULTICENTER STUDIES; OBSERVER VARIATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; SYSTOLE;

EID: 0036818493     PISSN: 1129471X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. ACC/AHA guidelines for the clinical application of echocardiography. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic cardiovascular procedures (subcommittee to develop guidelines for the clinical application of echocardiography). Circulation 1990; 82: 2323-45.
2. de Simone G, Ganau A, Verdecchia P, Devereux RB. Echocardiography in arterial hypertension: when, why and how? J Hypertens 1994; 12: 1129-36.
3. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, Kannel WB, Castelli WP. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1561-6.
4. Koren MJ, Devereux RB, Casale PN, Savage DD, Laragh JH. Relation of left ventricular mass and geometry to morbidity and mortality in uncomplicated essential hypertension. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114: 345-52.
5. Verdecchia P, Carini G, Circo A, et al. Left ventricular mass and cardiovascular morbidity in essential hypertension: the MAVI study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38: 1829-35.
6. Agabiti-Rosei E, Giovannini E, Mancia G, et al. Arterial hypertension and cardiac pathology. Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines presented by the Joint Commission of the ANMCO-SIC-SIIA. Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri-Società Italiana di Cardiologia-Società Italiana dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa. G Ital Cardiol 1999; 29: 341-56.
7. Schillaci G, de Simone G. Echocardiography and arterial hypertension: the evidence and hopes. G Ital Cardiol 1999; 29: 1340-3.
8. de Simone G. Guidelines for arterial hypertension: the echocardiography controversy. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 735-6.
9. de Simone G, Schillaci G. Correspondence. Ital Heart J Suppl 2000; 1: 277-8.
10. de Simone G, Schillaci G, Palmieri V, Devereux RB. Should all patients with hypertension have echocardiography? J Hum Hypertens 2000; 14: 417-21.
11. Muiesan ML, Salvetti M, Rizzoni D, Monteduro C, Castellano M, Agabiti-Rosei E. Persistence of left ventricular hypertrophy is a stronger indicator of cardiovascular events than baseline left ventricular mass or systolic performance: 10 years of follow-up. J Hypertens Suppl 1996; 14: S43-S49.
12. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C, et al. Prognostic value of serial changes in left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Circulation 1998; 97: 548-54.
13. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 2413-46.
14. WHO Guidelines Subcommittee. 1999 World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 151-83.
15. Palmieri V, Dahlof B, DeQuattro V, et al. Reliability of echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular structure and function: the PRESERVE study. Prospective Randomized Study Evaluating Regression of Ventricular Enlargement. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 34: 1625-32.
16. de Simone G, Muiesan ML, Ganau A, et al. Reliability and limitations of echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular mass for risk stratification and follow-up in single patients: the RES trial. Working Group on Heart and Hypertension of the Italian Society of Hypertension. Reliability of M-mode Echocardiographic Studies. J Hypertens 1999; 17 (Part 2): 1955-63.
17. Devereux RB, Palmieri V, Sharpe N, et al. Effects of once-daily angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and calcium channel blockade-based antihypertensive treatment regimens on left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic filling in hypertension: the prospective randomized enalapril study evaluating regression of ventricular enlargement (PRESERVE) trial. Circulation 2001; 104: 1248-54.
18. Devereux RB, Dahlof B, Levy D, Pfeffer MA. Comparison of enalapril versus nifedipine to decrease left ventricular hypertrophy in systemic hypertension (the PRESERVE trial). Am J Cardiol 1996; 78: 61-5.
19. Schiller NB, Shah PM, Crawford M, et al. Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantitation of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1989; 2: 358-67.
20. Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57: 450-8.
21. de Simone G, Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Devereux RB. Clinical impact of various geometric models for calculation of echocardiographic left ventricular mass. J Hypertens 1998; 16: 1207-14.
22. de Simone G, Devereux RB, Kimball TR, et al. Interaction between body size and cardiac workload: influence on left ventricular mass during body growth and adulthood. Hypertension 1998; 31: 1077-82.
23. de Simone G, Pasanisi F, Contaldo F. Link of nonhemodynamic factors to hemodynamic determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertension 2001; 38: 13-8.
24. Gottdiener JS, Livengood SV, Meyer PS, Chase GA. Should echocardiography be performed to assess effects of antihypertensive therapy? Test-retest reliability of echocardiography for measurement of left ventricular mass and function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 424-30.
25. Palmes PP, Masuyama T, Yamamoto K, et al. High-frame-rate tissue harmonic imaging enhances anatomic M-mode sections of the left ventricle in short-axis view. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2000; 13: 738-47.
26. Ota T, Craig DM, Kisslo J. Influences of ultrasonic machine settings, transducer frequency and placement of region of interest on the measurement of integrated backscatter and cyclic variation. Ultrasound Med Biol 1997; 23: 1059-70.
27. Stollberger C, Hollander I, Dimitrov L, Slany J. Influence of measurement inaccuracies on determination of left ventricular mass by M mode echocardiography. Heart 1996; 75: 312-3.
28. Wallerson DC, Ganau A, Roman MJ, Devereux RB. Measurement of cardiac output by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography: application to patients with hypertension. Eur Heart J 1990; 11 (Suppl I): 67-78.
29. Devereux RB, Roman MJ, Paranicas M, et al. Relations of Doppler stroke volume and its components to left ventricular stroke volume in normotensive and hypertensive American Indians: the Strong Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 1997; 10: 619-28.
30. de Simone G, Devereux RB, Ganau A, et al. Estimation of left ventricular chamber and stroke volume by limited M-mode echocardiography and validation by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1996; 78: 801-7.
31. Chinali M, de Simone G, Roman MJ, Devereux RB. Left ventricular outflow tract velocity differs between 5- and 3- chamber view: implications for stroke volume Doppler measurement. (abstr) J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002; 15: 530.
32. Schillaci G, Pasqualini L, Verdecchia P, et al. Prognostic significance of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in essential hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 2005-11.
33. Quinones MA, Otto CM, Stoddard M, Waggoner A, Zoghbi WA. Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography: a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002; 15: 167-84.
34. Spirito P, Maron BJ, Verter I, Merrill JS. Reproducibility of Doppler echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular diastolic function. Eur Heart J 1988; 9: 879-86.
35. Kuecherer HF, Kee LL, Modin G, Cheitlin MD, Schiller NB. Echocardiography in serial evaluation of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function: importance of image acquisition, quantitation, and physiologic variability in clinical and investigational applications. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1991; 4: 203-14.
36. Pye MP, Pringle SD, Cobbe SM. Reference values and reproducibility of Doppler echocardiography in the assessment of the tricuspid valve and right ventricular diastolic function in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol 1991; 67: 269-73.
37. de Simone G, Greco R, Mureddu G, et al. Relation of left ventricular diastolic properties to systolic function in arterial hypertension. Circulation 2000; 101: 152-7.
38. Galderisi M, Benjamin EJ, Evans JC, et al. Intra- and interobserver reproducibility of Doppler-assessed indexes of left ventricular diastolic function in a population-based study (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 1992; 70: 1341-6.
39. de Simone G, Palmieri V, Koren MJ, Mensah GA, Roman MJ, Devereux RB. Prognostic implications of the compensatory nature of left ventricular mass in arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 119-25.
40. Mureddu GF, Pasanisi F, Palmieri V, Celentano A, Contaldo F, de Simone G. Appropriate or inappropriate left ventricular mass in the presence or absence of prognostically adverse left ventricular hypertrophy. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 1113-9.
41. Valantine HA, Hatle LK, Appleton CP, Gibbons R, Popp RL. Variability of Doppler echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular filling in transplant recipients and in normal subjects. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1990; 3: 276-84.
42. Pozzoli M, Capomolla S, Cobelli F, Tavazzi L. Reproducibility of Doppler indices of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with severe chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 1995; 16: 194-200.
43. Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Anderson KM, et al. Determinants of Doppler indexes of left ventricular diastolic function in normal subjects (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 1992; 70: 508-15.
44. Sagie A, Benjamin EJ, Galderisi M, et al. Reference values for Doppler indexes of left ventricular diastolic filling in the elderly. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1993; 6: 570-6.
45. Harrison MR, Clifton GD, Pennell AT, DeMaria AN. Effect of heart rate on left ventricular diastolic transmittal flow velocity patterns assessed by Doppler echocardiography in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol 1991; 67: 622-7.
46. Galderisi M, Benjamin EJ, Evans JC, et al. Impact of heart rate and PR interval on Doppler indexes of left ventricular diastolic filling in an elderly cohort (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 1993; 72: 1183-7.
47. Yu CM, Sanderson JE. Right and left ventricular diastolic function in patients with and without heart failure: effect of age, sex, heart rate, and respiration on Doppler-derived measurements. Am Heart J 1997; 134: 426-34.
48. Mureddu GF, de Simone G, Greco R, Rosato GF, Contaldo F. Left ventricular filling in arterial hypertension. Influence of obesity and hemodynamic and structural confounders. Hypertension 1997; 29: 544-50.
49. Ariel Y, Gaasch WH, Bogen DK, McMahon TA. Load-dependent relaxation with late systolic volume steps: servopump studies in the intact canine heart. Circulation 1987; 75: 1287-94.
50. Gaasch WH, Carroll JD, Blaustein AS, Bing OH. Myocardial relaxation: effects of preload on the time course of isovolumic relaxation. Circulation 1986; 73: 1037-41.
51. Zile MR, Gaasch WH. Load-dependent left ventricular relaxation in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol 1991; 261 (Part 2): H691-H699.
52. Mureddu GF, de Simone G, Greco R, Rosato GF, Contaldo F. Left ventricular filling pattern in uncomplicated obesity. Am J Cardiol 1996; 77: 509-14.
53. Schunkert H, Koenig W, Brockel U, et al. Haematocrit profoundly affects left ventricular diastolic filling as assessed by Doppler echocardiography. J Hypertens 2000; 18: 1483-9.
54. Gottdiener JS. Hypertension: left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertensive heart disease, and the impact of echocardiographic data on treatment options, prognosis and assessment of therapy. In: Otto CM, ed. The practice of clinical echocardiography. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 1997: 521-46.
55. Gardin JM, Adams DB, Douglas PS, et al. Recommendations for a standardized report for adult transthoracic echocardiography: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Nomenclature and Standards Committee and Task Force for a Standardized Echocardiography Report. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002; 15: 275-90.
56. Zile MR, Gaasch WH, Carroll JD, et al. Heart failure with a normal ejection fraction: is measurement of diastolic function necessary to make the diagnosis of diastolic heart failure? Circulation 2001; 104: 779-82.